2017年高考英语大冲刺备考“最后30天”专题七虚拟语气

1、专题七虚拟语气I apologize if I_ you, but I assure you it was uninten ti on al.【解析】此题要求在 if 从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize 来看，if 从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A）,因为（A）是现在时。（C）中 should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的 might+have+过去分词结构表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）hadoffen ded 表

2、示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。动词不定式表示未来的动作。【答案】B试题2混合虚拟条件句_例题Had Paul received six more votes in the last electi on, he_ our chairma n now.A. must have bee nB. would have bee nC. wereD. would be【解析】这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词 had 提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now 表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选woul

3、d（should, could, might）+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。【答案】D试题3含蓄条件句s adva need technology_ .B. have not bee n achievedD. had not bee n achievedwithout,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，A. offendB. had offendedC. should have offen dedD. might haveoffen ded试题1If引导的条件句Without electr onic computers, much of

4、 todayA. will not have bee n achievedC. would not have bee n achieved【解析】这是含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语2所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用 would not have been achieved这一形式。3I enjoyed the movie very much.I wish IA. have readC. should have readD. are readi ng【解析】wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。【答案】B基础回归IIIIIIH虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的用法

5、1.表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句： lf+主语+动词的过去式(be 用 were)，主语+would(should could might)+动词原型If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2.表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句： lf+主语+had+动词的过去分词，主语+would ( should could might )+have+动词的过去分词If he had hurried , he could have caught the train.3.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句：lf+主语+动词过去式/ were to+动词原形/ shoul

6、d + 动词原形，主语+would ( could should might ) + 动词原型If I were to go abroad , I would go to America.二、错综时间条件句一一主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard b efore, you would be a college stude nt now.三、含蓄

7、条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语( otherwise ，or，without ，but for )上下文或其他方式来表示。1. 条件暗含在短语中；2. 条件暗含在上下文中；wish引导的虚拟语气the book from which it was made.B. had read【答案】C4II练1. - I m sorry. Iat you the other day.3. 虚拟式变为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。选择题(30 分/30min)5- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.mustn t hav

8、e shouted解析】 考查虚拟语气中情态动词的选择。 should have done 是虚拟用法，表示对过去情况的后悔或责备， 项语气太重，不符合语境。答案】 Bmanaged们本不能做成这件事的。 此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气， 其基本形式是情态动词 （过去式）+ have done，所以其他选项皆可排除。答案】 B3. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. IfB. SinceC. ThoughD. When【解析】 从题干意思看，句子明显用虚拟语气。 If 可引导虚拟的条件从句，指与事实相反或不可

9、能实现的假 设。对过去的情景表达虚拟时条件句谓语用 had + 过去分词，主句用 would/ could/ should have done 形式。 【答案】 A4. - If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.- What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been【解析】 透过虚拟语气透漏的信息：因交通拥挤，我六点以前没能及时赶回；所以下文说：真遗憾，Tina 六点以前在（was）这里（要见你，但现在已

10、经走了），上句虚拟，下句真实。【答案】 B5. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustn t leaveB. shouldn t have leftC. couldn t have leftD.neednt leave【解析】 语境告诉考生，说话者对对方非常担心又满怀关切之情，既着急又生气，因此难免说出埋怨的话： 你本不该不辞而别（而使我如此担心） 。 shouldn t have left 是一种虚拟说法，即“过去本不该离开”，符 合语境。【答案】 B6. He suggested that the

11、person _ to be punished.A. shouldn t shoutB. shouldn t have shoutedC. mustn t shoutD.2. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont thinkweit without you.A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have解析】 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。 I dont thi nk是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你，我6【解析】suggest 的宾语从句常用虚拟语气（s

12、hould）+原形动词”，分词短语 referred to作定语，从句的谓语是 （should） be punished.【答案】D7. - Do you think the thief entered the room through the back door?- No, if he had, I don t believe he_the living-room window.A. would breakB. brokeC. would have broke n【解析】对话中的 No 是关键词，说明答话人已经否认小偷进入过房间，所以后面的议论用的是与过去事实相 反的虚拟语气。【答案】C8.

13、 Without electricity, huma n life_ quite differe nt today.【答案】D9._- he come to see you as he promised?Of course, please, and I d rather he_me the truth.【答案】B10. - He looks very hot and dry.-So_ if you had a temperature of 39.so +谓语+主语”句型表示前边的一种情况也适用于后者；本句if 从句使用了虚拟语气，那么与将来事实相反的主句谓语要用could，would +动词原

14、形，故选 A。【答案】A11. I forget where I read the article, or I_ it to you now.A. will showB. would show C. am going to show D. am show ing【解析】 根据上文的语境可知句中的or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=if I didn t forget where I readA.refersB. referC. should referD. referred故易误选 B, C.其实该题考查的是过去D. breaksA. isB.will be【解析】“假如今天没有电，人们的生活

15、就大不同了 里 without 短语表示虚拟条件。C. would have bee nD. would be是一种虚拟表达，要用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，这A. Will; in formedB. Shall; toldC. Should; will tellD. Can; tell【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气的运用。表示征询意见,句用过去时表示虚拟语气。shall 用于第一、三人称；would rather 后接从A. would youB. will youC. would you have bee nD. do you【解析】根据句子的内在逻辑暗示这里应用中从句谓语动词 had 是解

16、题的关键，这暗示7the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话- 但事实上忘了）。【答案】B12.“ It looks as if he were drunk. ”“ So it does._ .”A. He d better give up drinkingB. He shouldn t have drunk so muchC. Health is more importa nt tha n drinkD. I won der why he is always doing so【解析】 关键信息是 It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既

17、然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是Dt【答案】D13.“ Mary looks hot and dry ”“ So_you if you had so high a fever.”A. doB. areC. willD. would【解析】容易误选 A 或 G 选 A 者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C 者，认为其后带有 if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。此题最佳答案为0 分析如下：(1)“ so +助动词+主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样”时。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do

18、 I.他喜欢看电视，我也一样。When ani mals and pla nts disappear, so will ma n.当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will ，即答案应选 D。【答案】D14.“ He will come tomorrow. ”“ But I d rather he_the day after tomorrow.”A. will comeB. is comingC. cameD. had come【解析】 容易误选 A 或 B 根据上文的 He wil

19、l come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。但此题的最佳答案是C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接 that从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。【答案】C15. All the doctors in the hospital in sisted that he_badly woun ded and th. at he_ atonce.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC

20、. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated on【解析】insist 后的从句谓语有时用“ should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词 所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语 动词所表示的动作已经8发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D 最合适。【答案】D16._ smok ing, he would not have got can cer in the lung.A. Was he give n upC. Did he giveD.

21、If he gave up【解析】之所以不能选 D,是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实做出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是had given up ，而不是像 D 项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were等词时，通常可以省略if，并将 had, should, were提前置于句首。又如Werethey to cease advertising,prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices wouldcome down

22、.如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. = If I had been there, I would have filmed theoccasi on.如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。【答案】B17. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don t think we_ it without you.A. can man ageB. could have man agedC. could man ageD. can haveman ag

23、ed【解析】句中的介词短语 without you 表示一个假设的条件，而时间状语last week 表明句子陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，因此最佳答案为B。【答案】B18. What a pity! Con sideri ng his ability and experie nee, he_better.A. n eed have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD.might have done【解析】“ What a pity! ”暗示他的表现令人遗憾。鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可能发挥得更好，因此用might have do ne ，最佳答案为

24、D。【答案】D19. Why didn t you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday?Well, I_ , but I forgot it.A. should haveB. mustC. shouldD. must have【解析】答语意为“我本来应该去的，但是我忘记了”。should have done 表示“本来应该做某事，而未做”。作为简略，done 被省略，只保留 should have，最佳答案为 A。B. Had he give n up9【答案】A20. I_to go for a walk, but some one called a

25、nd I could n t get way.A. was pla nningB. had pla nnedC. pla nnedD. would pla n【解析】句意为：我原计划去散步，但是有人来访，我无法走开。had planned to do sth表示过去未能实现的打算。最佳答案为B。【答案】B21.1 would like_ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you.A. to in viteB. i nviti ngC. to have in vitedD.hav ing in vited【解析

26、】句意为：我本来想让你参加我的生日宴会，可是因为忙，我忘记了。would like to h ave done sth表示“本来想做某事（而未做）”。最佳答案为C。【答案】C22. Did you visit the famous cultural relics last mon th?No, we_ visited it, but we spe nt too much time shopp ing.A. could haveB. must haveC. can haveD. ought tohave【解析】句意为：“我们本来有时间参观（文化古迹）的，可是我们在购 物上花费了太多的时间”。co

27、uld havedone 表示“过去本来可以做某事（而未做）”。【答案】A23. Had Paul received six more votes in the last elect ion, he_ our chairma n now.A. must have bee nB. would have bee nC. wereD. would be【解析】这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词 had 提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now 表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would（should, could, might）+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只

28、有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。【答案】D24. _the En glish exam in ati on I would have gone to the concert last Sun day.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for【解析】假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词 but、副词 otherwise、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐

29、会，所以应选（B）But for为正确答案。10【答案】B25. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun_ round the earth.A. were circli ngB. circlesC. is circli ngD.becircli ng【解析】if 引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be 动词用 were ）或would（could 等）+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。【答案】A26. Had he w

30、orked harder, he_the exams.A. must have got throughB. would have got throughC. would get throughD. could get through【解析】本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的答案是 B. would have got through。选项 A. must have got through（肯定通过）表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去事情相反的情况。另外，must 不能用在虚拟条件句中。选项C。would get through （就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方法，表示与现在事实相反。选项D. could getthrough （可能通过），could 也可以用于非真实条件句里，表示与事实相反的情况，但这里，它只表示与现在 事实或将来可能的事实相反。【答案】C27. Id rather you_ by train, because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airpla ne insuch