2020中考英语复习---动词专项讲解和练习含答案

1、 动词专题训练 在英语中动词可以分为以下几类： 行为动词 我们日常接触的大量动词都是行为动词，又可称为实义动 词，如 work, study, run, walk 等 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词的后面要跟一个名词或代词作它的宾语。 We saw a film yesterday. Dick is watching TV now. In fact, I don t like her. 不及物动词后面一定不能直接跟宾语，但不及物动词后往往 跟一个介词， 构成一个短语动词， 然后可以跟一个介词宾语。 She cried. She is looking at the picture.

2、 Zhu Tao always laughs at his brother. 系动词 它不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的表语（由形容词、名词、 动名词、不定式、介词短语及副词等充当）一起构成系表结 构，充当句子的谓语。 必译出。另外，还有一些动词既可以作行为动词，又可以作 系动词。它们主要是表示感受的“感官动词”和表示“保持 某种状态”或“变成某种状态”的词。我们要注意后面的表 语部分。 Jack is twelve years old. 最常用的系动词是 be,它在句子中有时译为“是” ，有时不 She is from Beijing. The girl looks careful. He fe

3、els cold. Silk feels soft and comfortable. The student seems to be a very kind and thoughtful person. 常见的感官动词： feel, look, taste, smell, sound 常见的表示状态的动词： become, get, grow, keep, turn, seem 助动词 助动词本身没有意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示 疑问、否定、时态、语态等。英语中有些单词并不是固定的 助动词，例如动词 be, have, do 等在句子中与主要的动词一起 构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑

4、问句时，才担当起助动词 的作用。 It is made in China. I haven t had my breakfast yet. He doesn t do his homework. 情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词有 词义，但词义不完整，其后一定要跟动词原形。情态动词没 有人称和数的变化。 can 与 could 的用法 表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会” 如： John can speak English well. Can you swim? 走近中考】 Yes, I can. No, I can t. Should You can

5、find your bag in this room. 的包。 走近中考】 表示可能性，意为“可能，会” 如： Kate, you dance the disco? A. may B. can C. must D. need you speak Japanese? A. Can B. Must C. May C. 你能在这间屋子里找到你 Excuse me. How can I get to the railway station? Turn left and then follow your nose. You _ miss it! A. mustn t B. can t C. should

6、n t D. needn t _ Have you seen my glasses? I _ find them. Sorry, I haven t seen them. A. can t B. shouldn t C. won t D. mustn t 在口语中，可以用来代替更正式的 may,表示“许可”，can not 表示禁止。如： Can I borrow your pen? You cant stay out late. 你不能在外面呆得太晚了。 【走近中考】 May I smoke here? No, you _ only do that in the smoking room.

7、A. can B. need C. mustn t D. couldn t Let s go to the concert tonight, Michael! Sorry, I _ . I have to help my mother with the housework. A. mustn t B. may not C. needn t D. can t 表示“恳求” 、“请求”时， could 的语气比 can 的语气更委 婉客气。这时并不表示过去。如： Could you lend me your bike? 表示猜测时， can 一般只用于否定句中。 could 比 can 更不 确定

8、。 Our teacher can t be in the office. You could be right, but I don think so.t can 经常用于下列固定结构中。 can t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 can t wait to do sth. 迫不及待去做某事 can只有现在时can和过去时could，在表示其它时态时， 可用 be able to 来代替。如： He has been able to make up a conversation in English. I m sure I ll be able to be there on

9、time. may 与 might 的用法 表示“允许” 、“许可”或“要求对方许可”的意思。如： May I use it? You may sit here. She said I might use her bike. 表示推测。意为“可能”、“也许”，用于谈论可能性。此 时 might 并非表示过去，只是比 may 语气更不肯定，表示的 可能性更小。如： Jenny may be at home. He may / might be writing a letter. 【走近中考】 Is Mr Brown driving here? I m nosture. He _ come by

10、train. A. may B. shall C. need D. must Will you answer the telephone? It _ be your mother. Sorry, I . I m busy. A. can; mustn Bt . will; can t C. may; can t D. need; will Would you please help me with the questions? Sorry. You go and ask Mary. She _ know the answer. A. must; can B. can; may C. need;

11、 can D. must; may may 的疑问句 在肯定回答中，Yes,may.或Certainly.或Sure.都可以使用 如： May I come in? Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Certainly. / Sure. 在否定回答中，通常用 No, cant. 或 No, mustnt.。如： May I go now? No, you can t. / No, you mustn t.（具 有强烈禁止的意思） 【走近中考】 May I take my pet dog with me into the cinema? The rule says n

12、o. So you _ . A. can B. mustn t C. may 通常用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May the friendship between us last long. 愿我们的友谊天长地 久。 must 的用法 must表示“必须”时，用于肯定句或疑问句， 表示“不许” 时，用于否定句。must只有现在时，表示现在或将来的情况。 如： You must be here before eight o clock. You mustn t walk on the grass. 你一定不要在草上走。 【走近中考】 If the traffic light is red, yo

13、u _ cross the road. It dangerous. A. don t B. mustn t C. needn t D.s wouldn t must的疑问句 Must 走近中考】 Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy? Wednesday. may Listen! She must be crying. 走近中考】 joking! need的用法 need既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。作情态动词时与动 词原形连用，一般用于疑问句和否定句。作行为动词时，后 跟名词、代词和不定式，多用在肯定句中。如： You nee

14、dn t go there. Need he work hard? No, you . You may keep it until next A. needn t B. can t C. must D. 表示推测时，意为“一定是” 准是”。如： Four of shoes! You be A. may B. can C. need D. must She needs to come tomorrow. shall 的用法 表示征求对方的意见或请求指示， 通常用于第一人称的疑问 句中。如： Shall we go and play basketball? 我们去打篮球好吗？ should 的用法

15、 表示责任和义务，意为“应该” 。如： You should follow your parents advice. 你应该听从父母的 建议。 Tom shouldn t buy the new car. 汤姆不应该买那辆新车。 had better 的用法 had better是情态动词短语， “ had better+动词原形”,意为“最 好”。如： Youd better go to school at once. You d better not put your bike here. 【走近中考】 It seems that it is going to rain. You dbet

16、ter _ the windows open when you leave the house. A. not leave B. leave C. not to leave D. to leave 动词的时态 一般现在时 表示现在的状态或经常性的动作。动词用原形，若主语为第 三人称单数，则动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Mr Wang teaches English. 【走近中考】 Can your father drive? Yes, and he usually _ to school. A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has drives 特殊用法：

17、 在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如： I ll tell her the news when she comes back. 【走近中考】 He II send us a message as soon as he _ in Sichuan. A. is arriving B. will arrive C. arrived D. arrives I m sure I can make it better, if our teacher _ me a second chance. 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态或过去经常 性或习惯性的动作 。常与时间状语 ye

18、sterday, yesterday morning, last week, in 2020 等连用。 【走近中考】 We were in Qingdao last week and _ great fun there. A. will have B. have had C. had D. have Kevin _ to work in his hometown after he graduated from university. A. goes B. went C. will go D. had gone _ When _ your mother you that blue dress,

19、Mary? Sorry, I really can t remember. A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. A. give will give B. gave C. gives D. did; buy Jack, where s my small round mirror? Sorry, Betty. I _ it. A. break B. broke C. will break D. am breaking 般将来时 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表 示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow, tomorrow m

20、orning, next week 等连用。一般将来时通常由“ will/shall+ 动词原形”构 成。除此之外，还常用 be going to + 动词原形表示。如： I m going to buy a grammar book this weekend. 【走近中考】 Has he returned the library book yet? Not yet. Don t worry. H_e _ it soon. A. returned B. has returned C. will return D. returns When again? When he , I ll let y

21、ou know. A. he comes; will come B. will he come; will come C. he will come; will come D. will he come; comes 现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段正在发生的 事。由“ am/is/are+动词-ing形式”构成。常与时间状语 now, at the moment, this week, these days 等连用。如： Linda is watching TV in her bedroom now. 【走近中考】 Don t turn on the TV. Grandm

22、a _ now. A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps Look! Jane s grandmother _ with some aged people in the park. A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing Mary, could you help me? Wait a moment. I _ . A. read a book B. did my homework C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner 过去进行时 过去进行时表

23、示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生 的动作。常与时间状语 at this time yesterday, at that time, at seven yesterday morning 等连用。它 由“ was/were+动词-ing 形式”构成。如： My younger brother was playing computer games while I was doing my homework. 【走近中考】 The children _ a P. E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain. A. have

24、 B. are having C. had D. were having 现在完成时 现在完成时由“ have/has+过去分词”构成 1. 已完成用法： 表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影 响。 常与 already, never, ever, just, yet 等时间状语连用。 He has seen the film already. 【走近中考】 _ _ you the film Harry Potter 5? Not yet. I ll see it this Sunday. A. Did; see B. Are; seeing C. Have; seen D. Do; see

25、 China s 24th science research team _ _ at Changcheng Station on January 5, 2008. Wonderful! Our scientists a lot in this field already. A. have arrived; improved B. arrived; has improved C. arrived; have improved 2. 未完成用法： 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。 常与 since 1984, for three years, for two days 等时间状语连用。 如： M

26、r Wang has taught English in our school since 1984. The storm has lasted for three hours.走近中考】 A. don t see B. won t see C. didn t see D. haven t seen 注意：短暂性动词， 如 come, go, leave, finish, end, buy, sell, die, marry 等的完成时态不能与 for two hours since 2000 等表示一 段时间的状语连用。 过去完成时 过去完成时由“ had+过去分词”构成。 表示在过去某一时

27、间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。表 When the doctor arrived, the patient had died. 走近中考】 at his office. 过去将来时 过去将来时由“ would+动词原形”构成，表示从过去某一时 间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。 如： My friend Tom told me he would go to the cinema with me. Hows Annie? I her for a long time. 示动。如： To my disappointment the teacher when I A. left;

28、 had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 非谓语动词 考点一：动词不定式在句中作不同的成分 作宾语 用在 want, would like, hope, plan, begin, start, need, decide, learn, choose 等动词之后作宾语 如： I hope to go with you. She asked to see the headmaster. 【走近中考】 Whats your plan for the summer holiday? I ve

29、no idea, but I decvideed _ at home and have a good rest first. A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying 作宾语补足语 在 want, would like, tell, ask, teach, allow 等动词后接带 to 的动 词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： My parents tell me to work hard at English. 走近中考】 Tell him _ tomorrow, OK? A. come B. to come C. comes D. is coming Hi

30、s parents often encourage him _ hard. A. work B. working C. to work D. works John, my computer doesn t work. Why not ask Mr Liu _ it? A. to buy B. not to buy C. to check D. not to check 感官动词 (feel, hear, see, watch 等 )和使役动词 (make, let, have 等)的宾语补足语都不带to，但是变为被动语态时要加上 to。 女口： I saw a girl come into t

31、he office without knocking. 宀A girl was seen to come into the office without knocking. 【走近中考】 How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? It makes me _ very proud. A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel Mary was heard _ just now. What happened? 在感官动词后，也可以用动词的 ing 形式作宾语补足语，但 是含义略有不同。要表示动作的

32、进行，用动词的 ing 形式； 但当要表示动作的全过程或经常性的动作时， 要用不带 to 的 不定式。如： I saw him crossing the road. We often hear her sing in the room. 注意： help 后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有 to 无 to 均可。 作状语 作目的状语： go/come + to do sth.女口： He ran over to welcome us. 【走近中考】 Many Chinese teenagers dream that they can go to Beijing the Olympic Game

33、s this summer. A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watching 作原因状语： be sorry/happy/glad to do sth. 如： I am happy to have such a nice friend like you. 【走近中考】 She was surprised _ me last night. A. to see B. see C. saw My brother is ill in hospital.John was telling a joke. A. cry B. to cry laugh C. laugh

34、 D. to I m sorr_y _ that. A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. to hear 作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要放在被修饰词的后面。 如： I have nothing to say on this question. I have lots of homework to do. 如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，并与所修饰词存在 动宾关系时，要添加适当的介词。如： I have a few pieces of music to listen to. 作主语 动词不定式作主语， 为了避免头重脚轻， 常用 it 作形式主语， 而把不定式放在句末。

35、如： It is hard to work out the problem. 【走近中考】 It took her half an hour _ the Water Park by bus last Sunday. A. gets to B. get to C. to get to D. getting to It s dangerous for you _ that tall tree. climbed 考点二：“疑问词 +动词不定式”的用法 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语等。 A. climb B. to climb C. climbing D. For Grandpa Wang, how t

36、o use a computer is a problem. I don t know how to do it. The problem is how to get there. 【走近中考】 Some children are arguing about what TV programmes . A. watching B. for watching C. to watch D. will watch We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I ll call Wendy to make sure . A. why to start B. when to s

37、tart C. what to start D. which to start _ The young soldier really doesn t know _ to stop the baby crying hard. A. what to do B. how to do C. when to do D. where to do 考点三：动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的用法 通常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有： consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, feel like, give up, look forward to 等。 【走近中考】 I enjo

38、y _ my bike in the mountains. It s not always easy, but exciting. A. ride B. rode C. to ride D. riding Linda, when shall we take a walk? After I finish _ the dishes. A. wash B. washed C. to wash D. washing We practiced _ （唱） English songs for one and a half hours today. 有些动词既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语，但是意义 区别

39、比较明显。如： 接动词不定式的意义 接动名词的意义 forget 忘记要做某事 忘记曾经做过某事 remember 记得要去做某事 记得做过某事 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 try 努力去做某事 试着去做某事 go on 接着做另一件事 继续做同一件事 短语动词 初中生应该掌握的常用短语动词如下： 动词 +介词： agree with 同意； arrive in (at) / get to 到达； begin/start with 以 . 开始；belong to 属于；deal/do with 处置，对付；feel like 想要；hear from 收到 . 的来信；ge

40、t on/off上/下车；knock at/on 敲(门窗)；laugh at 嘲笑；listen to 听; learn from 向 . 学习； leave for 前往； look after 照顾； look at 看； look for 寻找； look like 看起来像； look through 浏览； pay for 付钱； point at 指向；shout at 对 . 大喊；talk about 谈论；think 【走近中考】 are going to the seaside this _ in the sea alone. It s B. telling; swimm

41、ing D. telling; to not swim rest C. having a rest about/of 考虑，想起； wait for 等候 动词 +副词： call up 打电话；cheer up使振奋；clean up 清除；eat up吃光； fix up 修理； get over 克服； get back 回来； give away 赠送； give back 归还； give up 放弃； hand in 上交； hand out 分发； look out 注意，小心； look up 查询； pick up 拾起； put away 放好； put down 放下；

42、put off 推迟； put on 穿戴； put up 举 起; send up 发射；set off 出发；set up建立； show off 炫耀； show up 露面； take away 取走； take down 拿下； take off 起 飞，脱掉； think over 考虑； try on 试穿； turn on 打开； turn off 关闭； turn up 调大； turn down 调小； wake up 唤醒； work out 解出； cut down 砍倒； find out 查明； move away 搬走； sell out 卖完； stay up

43、熬夜； wear out 穿坏； write down 写下 动词 +副词 /名词/代词 +介词： catch up with 赶上； come up with 提出；do well in 在 . 做 得好；get on/along with 与 . 相处； go on with 继续； help yourself to 随便吃； have a look at 看一眼； have a word with 与 . 交谈；look forward to 盼望； make friends with 与 . 交朋友； pay attention to 注意；play jokes on 开 . 的玩笑；

44、 run out of 用完； take care of 照顾； take part in 参加； work hard at努力学习 【走近中考】 The plane from Shanghai to Paris will _ in an hour. I ve _ all the photos in the drawer, but I still can t find the one you need. A. opened up B. given away C. handed out D. looked through Could you tell me what time the train

45、 leaves Hefei for Beijing? I m afraid you need to on the Internet. A. look for it B. look at it C. look it over D. look it up Let s plan a surprise for our class. What s your idea? Why not _ a short play? A. get on B. keep on C. have on D. put on Tom _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rub

46、bish bag. A. put away B. threw away C. stood up D. picked up Work hard, or you will _ others. OK, I ll try my best. A. take up B. take away C. take out D. take A. fall off B. fall over C. fall behind D. fall down 【模拟试题】（答题时间： 120 分钟） 情态动词 1. Susan _ be here now because she has just gone to New York.

47、 A. mustn t B. can t C. needn t D. may not 2. Hello! _ _ I speak to Mr Green, please? I vegot something important to tell him. A. Must B. Need C. Would D. May 3. Where is my umbrella? May I take it with me, Mum? It s fine today. Yo_u _ take it with you. A. can t B. needn t C. mustn t D. should 4. Wi

48、ll your sister go to see this film this evening? I m not sure. Sh_e _ . She says there s an interesting TV play on TV tonight. A. may not B. can t C. mustn t D. needn t 5. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! You be very proud of it. A. can B. need C. would D. must 6. That T-

49、shirt with Lebron James picture on it belong to Jack. He likes Lebron James very much. No, it _ be his. He doesn t like blac-kshTirts. A. must; needn B.t must; t C. must; mustn D.t can; mustn t 7. Don trun or shout in the reading room. If you do, you leave. A. must B. have to C. will have to D. ? X

50、cant 8. Andy, will you answer the telephone? It _ _ be your father. Sorry, I _ 1 ? . I m having a shower. A. can; mustn Bt . will; can tC. may; can Dt. need; will 9. _ _I come back before 11:00? No, you . But you be back later than lunch-time. A. Must; needn ? X ? X t; can t B. Can; can t; may C. Ne

51、ed; mustn t; must D. May; needn t; can t 10. Excuse me, how can I get to the railway station? Turn left and then follow your nose. You _ miss it!A. mustn t B. shouldn t C. can t D. needn t 11. I like the party so much, but I _ go home. It s too late. What a pity! A. mustn t B. have to C. may D. ? X

52、cant 12. Amy, _ you sing English songs? Yes, I like them very much. I want to join the Singing Club. A. can B. should C. must D. need 13. Might I call you by the first name? throw litter about. not Yes. It s a pleasure. Should Yes, you . It doesn t matter at all in our country. A. will B. could C. m

53、ight D. may 14. Hey, boy! We should keep the school clean. You Sorry, I won t do that again. A. mustn t B. needn t C. couldn t D. may 15. you help me? I can t find my keys. A. Must B. Can C. D. 16. Look! It _ be Simon on the playground. It be him. Because I saw him enter the school library just now.

54、 A. may; mustn Bt . can; can t C. must; mustn D.t must; can t 17. Whose guitar is this? It _ Kitty. She plays the guitar. A. can belong to B. might be C. might belong to D. must be 18. Could I borrow your mobile phone? I want to call the police. Yes, of course you . A. must B. need C. can D. will 19

55、. It nsearly seven o clock.Jack _ be back home at this moment. A. must B. need C. could D. can 20. You _ ask her to go there with you. I m sure she won t refuse you because she has an eye for you （欣赏你） A. must B. need C. shall D. could 动词的时态 1. What did you do after school yesterday? I _ basketball

56、with my friends. A. play B. played C. will play D. am playing 2. It s raining! When did it start? I dont know exactly. In fact, it _ all this afternoon. A. lasts B. lasted C. has lasted D. will last 3. In the past few years there _ great changes in my home town. A. have been B. were C. had been D. a

57、re 4. If you go to the western part of the city, you _ a lot of new buildings. A. see B. have seen C. will see D. saw 5. What do you do? I m an enginee.rI _ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much. A. work B. had worked C. will work D. worked 6. When_ your mother _ About an hour ago. A. did;

58、come B. had; come C. do; come D. back? have; come 7. He wanted to know if they _ to the park the next week. A. will go B. go C. went D. would go 8. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she _ the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played 9. Tony, _ you _ - smoking? Yes. Drinking tea is my

59、 favourite now. A. will; stop B. did; stop C. would; stop D. have; stopped 10. How was your holiday last weekend? Good. I _ to the mountains with my parents. A. go B. went C. am going D. will go 11. How do you like the song Two Butterflies? Great! I _ such a beautiful song before. A. don t hear B. n

60、ever hear C. have never heard D. have ever heard 12. As the saying _ , “ Where there is a will, there is a way. 15. By the end of last term, I _ about 1,200 English words. A. have learned B. learned C. had learned D. was learning 16. When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when I _ t