浅析海明威的一个干净明亮的地方说课材料

1、浅析海明威的一个干净明亮的地方精品资料AbriefanalysisofAClean,Well-lightedPlace英语语言文学刘阳子202230810130AbstractErnestHemingwaywasawell-knownwriterintheliteraryworld.Hisdistinctivelycrisp,unadornedstyleleftAmericanliteraturepermanentlychanged.HisshortstoryAClean,Well-lightedPlaceisoneoftheclassicworksinmodernAmericanlitera

2、ry.HemingwaywasonememberoftheLostGenerationwhichwascalledbyGertrudeStein.Hehasextraordinarywritingskillswhichbringhimreputationtillnow.Asweallknow,“IcebergTheory“isatrademarkinhiswritinglife.Throughthebriefanalysisofthisshortstory,wewillgetmuchmoreinformationofhismasteryofshortstorywriting.摘要厄内斯特海明威

3、是文学实际一位享誉盛名的作家.他那特殊的、干净直接的、不加修饰的写作技巧给美国文学带来了长远的变化.他的短篇小说?一个干净、明亮的地方?在现代美国文学当中是经典之一.海明威是迷惘的一代的其中一员,这个称呼来自格特鲁德斯泰恩.他拥有独特的写作技巧,这给他带来了知道如今都存在的名望.我们都知道,冰山理论是他写作生涯中的标志性的东西.通过对这篇小故事的简单分析,我们能得到更多了解海明威在短篇小说的写作的大师级的技巧.1.TheLostGenerationandErnestHemingwayTheLostGenerationwasthegenerationthatcameofageduringWorl

4、dWarI.ThetermwaspopularizedbyErnestHemingway,whouseditasoneoftwocontrastingepigraphsforhisnovel,TheSunAlsoRises.InthatvolumeHemingwaycreditsthephrasetoGertrudeStein,whowasthenhismentorandpatron.ThisgenerationincludeddistinguishedartistssuchasF.ScottFitzgerald,T.S.Eliot,JohnDosPassos,WaldoPeirce,Isad

5、oraDuncan,AbrahamWalkowitz,AlanSeeger,FranzKafka,ErichMariaRemarqueandthecomposersSergeiProkofiev,PaulHindemith,GeorgeGershwin,andAaronCopland.1.1 TheLostGenerationInAMoveableFeast;publishedafterHemingwaysandSteinsdeaths,HemingwayclaimsthatSteinheardthephrasefromagarageownerwhoservicedSteinscar.When

6、ayoungmechanicfailedtorepairthecarquicklyenough,thegarageownershoutedattheboy,YouareallagnNationperdue.Stein,intellingHemingwaythestory,added,Thatiswhatyouare.Thatswhatyouallare.allofyouyoungpeoplewhoservedinthewar.Youarealostgeneration.仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2精品资料Lostmeansnotvanishedbutdisoriented,wa

7、ndering,directionlessarecognitionthattherewasgreatconfusionandaimlessnessamongthewarssurvivorsintheearlypost-waryears.The1926publicationofErnestHemingwaysTheSunAlsoRisespopularizedtheterm,asHemingwayuseditasanepigraph.Thenovelservestoepitomizethepostwarexpatriategeneration.However,Hemingwayhimselfla

8、terwrotetohiseditorMaxPerkinsthatthepointofthebookwasnotsomuchaboutagenerationbeinglost,butthattheearthabidethforever;hebelievedthecharactersinTheSunAlsoRisesmayhavebeenbatteredbutwerenotlost.InhismemoirAMoveableFeast,publishedafterhisdeath,hewritesItriedtobalanceMissSteinsquotationfromthegarageowne

9、rwithonefromEcclesiastes.Afewlineslater,recallingtherisksandlossesofthewar,headds:IthoughtofMissSteinandSherwoodAndersonandegotismandmentallazinessversusdisciplineandIthoughtwhoiscallingwhoalostgeneration?Variously,thetermisusedfortheperiodfromtheendofWorldWarItothebeginningoftheGreatDepression,thou

10、ghintheUnitedStatesitisusedforthegenerationofyoungpeoplewhocameofageduringandshortlyafterWorldWarI,alternativelyknownastheWorldWarIgeneration.AuthorsWilliamStraussandNeilHowe,wellknownfortheirgenerationaltheory,definetheLostGenerationasthecohortsbornfrom1883to1900,whocameofageduringWorldWarIandtheRo

11、aringTwenties.InEurope,theyaremostlyknownastheGenerationof1914,fortheyearWorldWarIbegan8InFrance,thecountryinwhichmanyexpatriatessettled,theyweresometimescalledtheGenNationauFeu,theGenerationinFlames.InBritainthetermwasoriginallyusedforthosewhodiedinthewar,andoftenimplicitlyreferredtoupper-classcasu

12、altieswhowereperceivedtohavedieddisproportionately,robbingthecountryofafutureelite.Manyfeltthattheflowerofyouthandthebestofthenationhadbeendestroyed,forexamplesuchnotablecasualtiesasthepoetsIsaacRosenberg,RupertBrooke,EdwardThomasandWilfredOwen,composerGeorgeButterworthandphysicistHenryMoseley.1.2 E

13、rnestHemingwayandtheIcebergtheoryErnestHemingwaywasbornin1899fromadoctorsfamily.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizein1954.Andhecommittedsuicidein1961intheend.HeisoneofthemostinfluentialwritersaftertheFirstWorldWar,andreadersareveyfamiliartohislongnovelsaswellashisshortnovels.Hislifeofadventureandhispublicimag

14、einfluencedlatergenerations.Hepublishedsevennovels,sixshortstorycollections,andtwonon-fictionworks.Additionalworks,includingthreenovels,fourshortstorycollections,andthreenon-fictionworks,werepublishedposthumously.ManyofhisworksareconsideredclassicsofAmericanliterature.仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢3精品资料Hemin

15、gwaywasraisedinOakPark,Illinois.AfterhighschoolhereportedforafewmonthsforTheKansasCityStarbeforeleavingfortheItalianfronttoenlistwiththeWorldWarIambulancedrivers.In1918,hewasseriouslywoundedandreturnedhome.HiswartimeexperiencesformedthebasisforhisnovelAFarewelltoArms(1929).In1921,hemarriedHadleyRich

16、ardson,thefirstofhisfourwives.ThecouplemovedtoParis,whereheworkedasaforeigncorrespondentandfellundertheinfluenceofthemodernistwritersandartistsofthe1920sLostGenerationexpatriatecommunity.Hepublishedhisfirstnovel,TheSunAlsoRisesin1926.Afterhis1927divorcefromHadleyRichardson,HemingwaymarriedPaulinePfe

17、iffer;theydivorcedafterhereturnedfromtheSpanishCivilWarwherehehadbeenajournalist,andafterwhichhewroteForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).MarthaGellhornbecamehisthirdwifein1940;theyseparatedwhenhemetMaryWelshinLondonduringWorldWarII.HewaspresentattheNormandylandingsandtheliberationofParis.Shortlyafterthepublic

18、ationofTheOldManandtheSea(1952),HemingwaywentonsafaritoAfrica,wherehewasalmostkilledintwosuccessiveplanecrashesthatlefthiminpainorillhealthformuchofhisremaininglife.HemingwaymaintainedpermanentresidencesinKeyWest,Florida,(1930s)andCuba(1940sand1950s),andin1959,heboughtahouseinKetchum,Idaho,whereheco

19、mmittedsuicideinthesummerof1961.Fromhiswritingswecanfindhisuniquestyle,IcebergTheory,aclassicwritingstyledemonstrating“theartthatconcealsart.Heexplained-hetheoryasseveneighthsunderwaterandone-eightshowingbeforethereaders.Anythingthewritereliminatesandhidesfromthereadersthatcanstrengthentheiceberg.He

20、furtherexplained,Ifawriterknowsenoughaboutwhathiswriting,hemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.ngwa(Hem32,p.192).Theicebergtheoryisawritin

21、gskillrelatedtotheartofbothwordsconcisionandexperienceconcision.Itmeanstomakelanguageconcisebyusingtheminimumamountofadjectives,metaphorsandeventhelongsentences,andfinitewordswithinfinitemeanings.Hemingwaywantsreaderstoimaginewhathehasnttoldinthestory,andurgethereaderstofollowthewritersthoughtswithh

22、isownexperienceandknowledge.Itrequiresahigherlevelofrecognitionfromboththereaderandthewriter.2.AClean,Well-lightedPlaceTheshortstoryAClean,Well-LightedPlacetellsastoryamongthreemen.Itwasinlatenight,everyonehadleftthecafeexceptanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.Ash

23、ewasaloneandhopeless,hewantedtocommitsuicidebutsavedbyhisniece.Hedidntwanttoleavethecafe仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢4精品资料untiltoolatesothatthetwowatersinthecafebegantotalkabouttheoldman.Thestorywasfullofthedialogueandtheattitudestowardtheoldman.2.1ThetitleThetitle&aClWell-lightedPlacecausedthesamestron

24、gemotionalresonancetoAmericansastheShakespearswords“TobeornottobecausedtoBritish.Itmeansarefugefortheoldpeople.Theoldmanwantedtofindaclean,well-lightedplacetohavethoroughdrunkandtodispersehisfear.Theyoungmanfeltconfidentinhislifeandignoredthetruthoflife.Theoldwaterwasjustlookingfortheorderandstayedl

25、ateintheclean,well-lightedcafe.ACleanWell-lightedPlaceimpliestheorderlyplacewherethesolitarypeoplecandrinkwithdignity.So,thethemeofthestoryis,humandesiresfororderandmeaninginthechaosofreality.Theauthormeansthatmanshouldfacethechallengewithdignity,fightthebattleswithpassionthoughlifeismeaningless.Hem

26、ingwayuses83paragraphsand136sentencestonarratethestory.ComparedwithJamesJoyce,heisalsoamasteroftheartofwordswhichhasmadehimbecomeanotherelitewriterintheworld.Thewordsinthestoryarenotonlyconcrete,specificbutcommonlyfoundandconversational.Thesentencesherearesyntacticallyshortandsimplewithorderlyorgani

27、zationandconciseexpression.Andtheyarealsotoocolloquialandevenungrammatical.Byrepeatingtheimageofdarkandthewordofnada,jointingsymbolsandcharactersarepresentedinthestory.Hemingwayusesthesymbolstohelpreaderstohaveabettercomprehensionofwhattheseven-eighthsofthethemeunderwaterthatlookslikeinthisstory.2.2

28、ThethreecharactersThreecharactersinthestoryaresymbolscreatedbytheauthor,theyrepresentdifferentpeopleindifferentstageinmodernsociety.Asweallknow,theyareallnameless.Tobeeveryoneinsociety,threecharactersherearevividlyshowsthis.Thereadercanalsofeelsuchfeelingsasfearandnothingnessthroughtheirconversation

29、,thoughnopsychologicaldescriptioninthecharacterization.Allofthemtendtoescapefromwhattheyfearinthestory.Theoldwaiterwhoisbachelorfeartobealoneinhisroom,andhisinsomniaalwayskeepshimawakeinthenight.Heisalsoadeaf,whichinfactkeepshimseparatefromtheoutsidechaos.Butthisforcestheyoungwaiterwhofeelsveryuncom

30、fortabletobeawayfromhim.However,theyoungwaiterisself-confidentbutselfishandimpatientwiththeoldmanwhoisalreadydrunk.Hehasawifeandhewantstogohomeforhiswifeswaitingforhim.Inthissense,hejustwanttofindasheltertogetsomepeaceinhismind,whichhecannotfindinwork.Hesaysalot,complainsallthetime.Heshowsnosympathy

31、fortheoldmanandhasnocareaboutthevalueofpeoplesexistenceHispursuitofmaterialhappinessandsatisfactionwiththiswayoflivingisrevealedinthestory.Lackingofconfidencefromhisexternalbehavior,theyoungwaitercanbereadbythereaderinthestoryeasily.Wecanseefromwhathesa“Ihaveconfidence,Iamallconfident.Thisishowtheic

32、ebergtheorydemonstratedinthecharacterization.Youthandajobarethewaitersconfidence“whichareassomethingsupreme.sconfidenceisuseless-pundUnctive.Hewillbecomeold,thedespairand“nothingnessareapproachinginstead.But,theyoungwaiter仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢5精品资料Theolderwaiter,incontrast,isfriendlywiththosewhostay

33、lateatthecafe.Heiswillingtobecompaniedwiththeoldman,becauseheisalso“oneofthosewholiketostaylateatthecafe.Hecantfallasleeptilldawnandhewantstoescapefromthedarkness,sohealwayssitsup.Here,(insomniaisdstkvsaetftn(jthatsymbolizespeoplesfearofdarkness,awarenessoflifesmeaninglessnessandtheidreadofsolitudea

34、nddeath.Theoldwaitercanalsorecognizethenothingnessofhislife.Insomniaisanagonizingexperiencethatmakespeoplefeelmorethreatenedbythepowerofdeath.Unliketheyoungwaiter,theoldwaitertendstodisagreeeverysocialprecept.Attheendofthestory,hesaidtohimself,“itisprobablyonlyinsomnia,manymusthaveit.Theoldmanfeelsl

35、ifemeaninglessandspentnightinvainbydrinking.Heiswealthy,buthedoesntfeelhappiness.Hestayedinthedarknessallnight,thoughheenjoysandpursuesbrightness.Itisaparadoxforhim,asheshowsfearofbeingexposedinthebrightness.Theoldmanrepresentstheoldpeopleandthepeoplewoundedinspirituallyinthewar.Hiswifehasdiedandheh

36、asnochild,whichstrikeshisheartferociously.Sohecommitssuicidewhichhethinkscanmakehimescapefromthetorture.Theoldmanbelievesinneitherreligionnorsocialprinciples.Obviously,theoldmanbearsmanyresemblancestoHemingwayhimself.2.3ThecontrastbetweenlightanddarknessLightandshadowaretwoimportantelementsinthestor

37、y.Thewriteraimstomakeaneasierwayforthereadertothinkoftheimageofdeath,sohechoosestofixthehappeningtimetothenight.Thelightsymbolizesthecomfortandthecompanyofothers,whilethenightsymbolizesdeath.Itmeansbeingalive.Theinsinuationsof“theshadowoftheleavesand“thedarknessofnightarefear,lonelinessanddesWecanfe

38、eltheoverwhelmingnothingnessornadainthestory.Inthedarkwhichmeanshopeless,butabeamoflightandclearnessinferthecomfortofthesoul.Beingdifferfromthenaturallight,thelightinthecafeisakindofelectricartificiallightfromtheindustrialcivilization.Peoplesacquirementofthiskindoflightistemporaryandincomplete.Also,cafeisaplaceofmodernsociety.Itisashelterwhichmakespeopleawayfromthenatureandotherpeople.Theso-calledmoderncivilizationmakespeoplefeellostlikealonelyislandinthesea.Thewritercontraststhelightanddarktoshowthedifferencesbetweentheoldmanandtheyoungmanaroundhimandtouncovertheimageo