直接引语间接引语

1、实用文档直接引语和间接引语直接引语就是直接地引用或复述别人的话,并放在引号内.间接引语那么是说话人用自己的话转述他人的原话,被转述的内容不放在引号内.间接引语是说话者站在自己的角度进行转述,因此,不同的直接引语要用不同的句式来进行转述,且直接引语中的代词、 动词的时态以及时间或地点状语都要有相应的变化,局部引述动词有时也需做适当的调整.这些变化有一定的规那么,但在具体运用时往往呈现复杂的情况.本章的学习重点是要掌握陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感慨句等由直接引语变为间接引语最根本的规那么,特别是特殊疑问句转换成间接引语时的词序变化、 时态的前后照应以及规那么以外的不同变化.准确地进行直接引语和间接引

2、语的转换有助于我们准确地进行交际.一、直接引语与间接引语的转换在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,不仅句式上要有变化,而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化.1、引语转换时的句式变化不同的直接引语句式,如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句,转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规那么,还要注意根据句意,使用适当的引述动词.(1)(1)陈述句的间接引语将陈述句转换为间接引语,通常用 that 引导的宾语从句来表达.连词 that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略.引述分句的动词常见的有 say 和 tell 等.Hesaid,“Icaughtacoldyesterday.他说：我昨天感冒了.-Hes

3、aid(that)hehadcaughtacoldthedaybefore.他说他前天感冒了.Helensaidtome,Tmtiredoftakingsuchexams.海伦说：我讨厌参加这种测试.-Helentoldme(that)shewastiredoftakingsuchexams.海伦说她讨厌参加这种测试.【点津坊】在以下情况下,往往要保存 that.that 的省略会产生歧义.Lindasaiddisappointedlythatwhenshearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.琳达很失望地说,她到达车站时火车已经开走了.(如不用

4、 that,when 状语从句既可以理解为修饰 said,又可以理解为修饰 hadleft)当引述动词后面不止跟一个 that 引导的从句时,第二个 that 不能省略.Hesaid(that)hewasleavingforEuropethenextweekandthathewouldstaythereforhalfayear.他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年.(第二个 that 不能省略)(2)(2)疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接问句.引述的动词常用 ask,inquire,wonder,wanttoknow 等.间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序,句末不用问号

5、,用句号.一般疑问句的间接引语文案大全实用文档直接引语为一般疑问句时,用连词 whether 或 if 引导,某些表示请求的疑问句也可以转换成间接祈使句.Iaskedhim,“Areyousatisfiedwiththeresults?我问他：你对这结果满意吗？-Iaskedhimwhetherhewassatisfiedwiththeresults.我问他对这结果是否满意.“DidyougototheBritishMuseumyesterday?askedKate.凯特问：你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？KateaskedmeifIhadgonetotheBritishMuseumthedaybe

6、fore.-凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆.Theoldmansaidtoapasser-by,“WillyoutelmethewaytogettotheGreatWallHotel?那位老人跟一位过路人说：请问到长城饭店的路怎么走.- -Theoldmanaskedapasser-bytotellhimthewaytotheGreatWallHotel.那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路.选择疑问句的间接引语直接引语为选择疑问句时,用连词 whether/ifor引导.Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglishornot?他说：你是否对英语感兴趣？- -Heas

7、ked(me)whetherIwasinterestedinEnglishornot.他问我是否对英语感兴趣.“DoyoulikeChinesefoodorJapanesefood?heasked.他问：你喜欢中国食物还是日本食物？- -Heaskedwhether/ifIlikedChinesefoodorJapanesefood.他问我喜欢中国食物还是日本食物.特殊疑问句的间接引语直接引语为特殊疑问句,转换为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导.“Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetime?heaskedme.他问我：你业余时间干什么？- -HeaskedmewhatIdidinmyf

8、reetime.他问我业余时间做什么.“WhydidshegotoAmerica?Paulasked.保罗问：她为什么去美国？- -PaulaskedwhyshehadgonetoAmerica.保罗问她为什么去了美国.【小帖士】Whatsthematterwithyou?Whatswrongwithyou?为间接引语时词序不变.Heaskedmewhatwaswrongwithme.他问我出什么事了.Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.他问我怎么了.(3)(3)祈使句的间接引语直接引语如果是祈使句,变成间接引语后,叫间接祈使句.祈使句表示命令时,要把直接引语的动词

9、 say 变成 command,order,tell 等动词,被转述的局部改为动词不定式.否认祈使句改为 nottodo 结构.“Staywhereyouare,“shesaid.文案大全实用文档她说：呆在原地.- -ShetoldmetostaywhereIwas.她告诉我呆在原地.“Dontsmokeintheroom,“hesaid.他说：别在房间里抽烟.- -Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.她叫我别在房间里抽烟.祈使句表示请求时,常把直接引语的动词 say 变成 ask,beg,request,urge 等动词.Shesaidtome,“Pleasewaitti

10、llIreturn,willyou?她说：请你一直等到我回来,好吗？- -Shebeggedmetowaittillshereturned.她请求我一直要等到她回来.以 Let开头的祈使的句,通常将引述动词改为 suggest:,然后再接 that 从句.JohnsaidtoBill,Letsgohikingtomorrow.约翰比照尔说,我们明天去徒步旅行吧.- -JohnsuggestedtoBillthatthey(should)gohikingthenextday.约翰向比尔提议第二天去徒步旅行.(4)(4)感慨句的间接引语直接引语是感慨句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接感慨句.间接感慨句多

11、采用宾语从句结构,既可用 what 或 how 引导,也可用that 引导,还可以根据句子表达的不同感情选用适当的动词和状语来转换.Hesaid,“Whatabeautifulviewitis!他说：多么漂亮的景色！- -Hesaidthatitwasaverybeautifulview.他说景色非常漂亮.- -Hecriedoutwhatabeautifulviewitwas.他大声说这景色是多么地漂亮.Sheoftensays,“WhatagreatcountryChinais!她常说：中国是一个多么伟大的国家！- -SheoftensaysthatChinaisaverygreatcou

12、ntry.她常说中国是一个非常伟大的国家.- -Sheoftenremarkswithadmiration(that)Chinaisagreatcountry.她常常赞赏地说中国多么伟大(5)(5)并列句和复合句的间接引语当转述的内容为并列句或复合句,或有两种以上的句子时,应根据不同的句式来选择不同的引述动词和连接词.Hesaid,“Itoldhertowait,butshewentaway.他说：我告诉她等一下,但她还是走了.- -Hesaid(that)hehadtoldhertowaitbutthatshewentaway.他说他已经告诉她等一下,但她还是走了.Shesaid,“Itis

13、coldhere.Isthewindowshut?她说：这儿很冷.窗户关了吗？- -Shesaidthatitwascoldthereandaskedifthewindowwasshut.文案大全实用文档她说那儿很冷,并问窗户是否关了.Fenwicksaidtome,“GoandseeRobin.Hewilltellyoueverythingyouwanttoknow.芬威克对我说：去看看罗宾吧,他会告诉你想要知道的事情.-FenwickadvisedmetogoandseeRobin,andsaidthathewouldtellmeeverythingIwantedtoknow.芬威克建议我

14、去看罗宾,由于他会告诉我想要知道的事情.二、引语转换时的各种相应变化直接引语转换成间接引语除了有句式的变化外,还要掌握动词时态、人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和词序的变化.(1)(1)动词时态的变化如果引述动词为现在时态,间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态.Hesays,“Ihavebeenwritinganovel.他说：我一直在写一本小说.-Hesaysthathehasbeenwritinganovel.他说他一直在写一本小说.如果引述动词为过去时态,间接引语中的时间就要往后推,即现在时间推至过去时间,过去时间推至过去的过去,将来时间推至过去将来时间.具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间

15、接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.老师说：你们干得很不错.- -TheteachersaidweweredoingOK.老师说我们干得很不错.现在进行时变为过去进行时Iaskedher,“Wherehaveyouspentyourholiday?我问她：你去哪里度假了？- -Iaskedherwhereshehadspentherholiday.我问她去哪里度假了.现在完成时变为过去完成时Shesaid,“IwenttoShanghai.她说：我去过上海.- -Shesa

16、idthatshehadgonetoShanghai.她说她去过上海.过去时变为过去完成时Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyworkbefore10oclock.文案大全实用文档他说：我在十点钟前就完成工作了.- -Hesaidthathehadfinishedhisworkbefore10oclock.他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了.过去完成时不变Themayorsaid:ThepeopleofBeijingwillbepreparingtolighttheOlympictorchtowelcomeathletesandfansfroma一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将

17、来时过去将来时将来进行时过去将来进行时llovertheworld.这位市长说：北京人民将准备点燃奥运火炬来迎接来自全世界的运发动和运动迷.- -ThemayorsaidthatthepeopleofBeijingwouldbepreparingtolighttheOlympictorchtowelcomeathletesandfansfromallovertheworld.这位市长说北京人民将准备点燃奥运火炬来迎接来自全世界的运发动和运动迷.将来进行时变为过去将来进行时2情态动词的变化在间接引语中,有些情态动词没有过去式,转换为间接引语时仍用原来的形式,或用其它表不法.直接引语间接引语mus

18、t必然推shallmaydare测shouldmightdaredmustshouldmightneedmustnt禁止shouldmightneedmustntwillcanoughttomust必须wouldcouldoughttohadto/wouldhavewouldcouldtowouldcouldHesaid,“Ireallymustgo.他说：我一定得走了.- -Hesaidthathereallymustgo.他说他一定得走了.“Mustwehandinourexercisethisafternoon?heasked.他问：我们得今天下午交作业吗？- -Heaskedifthe

19、yhadtohandintheexercisethatafternoon.他问他们是否那天下午得交作业.“Youneednottakeanumbrellawithyou,“hesaid.他说：你不用带雨伞.- -HesaidthatIneednottakeanumbrellawithme.他说我不用带雨伞.【点津坊】由于人称发生了变化,在直接引语中可用 shall 或 should,而在间接引语中那么用 would.Ishouldbegladtocome.我会很愿意来的.- -Hesaidhewouldbegladtocome.他说他会彳艮愿意来.3 3人称代词的变化人称代词的变化要以转述者的

20、立场作适当的改变.改变方式通常与汉语根本相同,即第文案大全实用文档一、三人称转换成第三人称；第二人称转换成第一、三人称.TmfondofsurfingtheInternet,“hesaid.他说：我喜欢网上冲浪.- -HesaidhewasfondofsurfingtheInternet.他说他喜欢网上冲浪.“Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation,“theteachersaid.老师说：你应该更注意你的发音.- -TheteachersaidthatIshouldpaymoreattentiontomypronunciation.老师说我应该

21、更注意我的发音.【小帖士】但如果说话人引述自己的话,人称代词不必改动.Isaid,Ihadagoodtimeattheparty.我说：我在晚会上玩得很开心.IsaidthatIhadhadagoodtimeattheparty.我说我在晚会上玩得很开心.(4)(4)指示代词的变化在间接引语中,指示代词 this 转换成 that,these 转换成 those.Hesaid,“Pleaseshowmethisone.他说：清拿这个给我看一下.- -Heaskedmetoshowhimthatone.他要我拿那个给他看一下.Hesaid,Idliketoseethesesunglasses.他

22、说：我想看这些太阳镜- -Hesaidthathewantedtoseethosesunglasses.他说他想看那些太阳镜.(5)(5)时间状语和地点状语的变化根据转述的时间和地点不同,时间状语和地点状语存在着较多的变化.文案大全直接引语间接引语todaythatdaythismorning/afternoon/eveningthatmorning/afternoon/eveningyesterdaythedaybefore,thepreviousdayyesterdaymorning/afternoonetc.thepreviousmorning/afternoonetc.themorni

23、ngbefore,theafternoonbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday,thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodaystime,twodaysafternextweek/month/yearetc.thenextweek/month/year,etc.thefollowingweek/month/yearetc.lastnight/month/year,etc.thepreviousnight/month/yearetc.thenightbefore,themonth

24、beforeetc.twoweeks/months/yearsagotheweeksbefore,twomonthsbeforenowthensofarbythenin1990in1990here实用文档there“Wdllleaveheretomorrow,“hesaid.他说：我们明天离开这里.- -Hesaidthattheywouldleavetherethenextday.他说他们将在第二天离开那里.“Imethimthedaybeforeyesterday,“shesaid.她说：我前天遇见过他.- -Shesaidthatshehadmethimtwodaysbefore.她说她

25、前两天遇见过他.(6)间接引语的词序变化直接引语为疑问句时,间接引语要把倒装词序变为正常词序.Heasked,“Howdidthesedifferencescomeabout?他问：这些不同之处是如何产生的？- -Heaskedhowthosedifferenceshadcomeabout.他问那些不同之处是如何产生的.“Whatisadventuretravel?heasked.他问：冒险旅游是什么？- -Heaskedwhatadventuretravelwas.他问什么是冒险旅游.【试题播报】Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllookl

26、ikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike【分析】此题考查宾语从句的词序.宾语从句引导词为 what,充当介词 like 的宾语,先排除C 项.B 和 D 的词序仍是疑问句的倒装词序.故此题正确答案是 A.一、选择填空1. Heaskedfortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2. Canyoumakesurethegoldring?A.whereAlicehasputB.wherehadAlicep

27、utC.whereAlicehadputD.wherehasAliceput3. Thesephotoswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike4. YoucantimaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexc

28、ited5.shesaidsuggestedthatshehadntdecidedtogoornot.A.What,ifB.That,whether文案大全实用文档C.What,whetherD.What,whichever6. Illaskmyparents.A.whethertheywillagreetogoB.iftheyletmegoC.iftheywillletmegoD.whethertheyallowmeto7. -DoyoumindifJimwillcometohelp?-1reallydontknowapersonlikehimcanhelpmewith.A.whatB.th

29、atC.howD.if8. Heaskedmeif.A.thetrainwilllateB.thetrainalwaysarrivedlateC.thetrainarrivesontimeD.thetrainstopshere9. ItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was10.-Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.-WherewasI?-Youyoudidntlikeyourfathersjob.A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying二、把以下直接引语变成间接引语1.“Youhavedoneagoodjob,“saidtheteacher.2.Hesaid,Illhelpyouwithitlater.3.