陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句精讲精练

1、欢送下载学习好资料知识要点梳理一、英语句子按用途可分为四类：1、陈述句：用来说明事实或说话人的看法,包括肯定句和否认句 .如：He is a doctor.I didn ' go to school yesterday.2、祈使句：用来表示请求、命令. 如：Be quiet!Don' play with fire !3、问句：用来提出问题.包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意 疑问句.如：Do you like English?What time is it?Does he like playing football or playing basketball?They

2、 went out, didn t hey ?4、感慨句：用来表达强烈的感情.如： What a fine day it is! How beautifu 1二、用法讲析：1、陈述句：中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否认句.几种常见形式：(1)含有谓语动词be,变否认时,be后力口 not即be notI am a teacher f I am not a teacher.There are somebooksfThereare not any books.(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如：work live)时,要用助动词do/does/did + not+动词原形.如：They likeswim

3、mingrThey don' like swimming.I camelate -didn ' come late(3)句中含有all, both的句子,变完全否认时,要将all -none, both -neither, both and> neither 要ot意谓语动词的变化.如：All of us watched the TV -None of us watched the TV.Both of them are students. Neither of them is a student.Both Tom and John have done theiomewo

4、rk.Neither Tom nor John_has done the homework.(4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否认时变为have/has+not+done或had+not+done(5) had better do something 变否认时为 had better not do 如：You' better have a rest f Youbetter not have a rest.2、疑问句：(1) 一般疑问句：一般指用 Yes或No答复的疑问句.I Tom at home? Yes, he is./No, hesn ' t.Can you swim

5、? Yes, I can./No, can' t.Have they been to Beijing?欢送下载学习好资料Yes, they have./No, they haven' t.(2)特殊疑问句：是以疑问词开头的疑问句.常用疑问词 what, where , who, how, what time , how 10ng 等其结构: 疑问词+一般疑问句？要注意使用一般疑问句的语序.My name is MaryfWhat is your name?I usually get up at 6:30 When do you get up ?注意：疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时

6、,语序不变即疑问词(疑问词+被修饰词)+动词+其他？Han Mei is on duty Today. f Whis on duty today?My ruler is blue. -Whosejler is blue?还应注意：特殊疑问句不能用 Yes或No答复,应问什么答什么.(3)选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种.这种疑问句叫选择疑问句.其结构：工股疑问句+or+其他？Is her brother a doctor / oateacher?前升后降Shall we go to the cinemaon/ Saturdayor onSunday)注意：答复时不用Ye葭

7、No,直接答复(根据事实答复).如： Does he like English or Chines eHe likes Chinese.(4)反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句之后,对陈述句所 表达的事实提出的疑问.其根本结构有两种：一是 肯定陈述句+简略否认 问句；二是否认陈述句+简略肯定问句反意疑问句的前后两局部在时 态、人称和数上都要保持一致.如：It looks like rain, doesn' it?He doesn't need to work so late, does he)学习反意疑问句,特别要注意以下的一些特殊情况：陈述局部的主语是this,

8、 that时,疑问局部的主语多用it；陈述局部的主语是these, those时,疑问局部的主语是they.如：This is adictionary, isn it ? ' tThose areshelves, aren they?陈述句如果是there be结构时,疑问局部仍用there.如：There once was a man named Saint Nicholas wasn' there ?陈述局部的谓语是had better (最好)时,疑问局部用hadn'来表达.如：You' better have a goodrest, hadn you?陈

9、述句的谓语动词是have(has)to(必须)时,疑问局部用助动词do或does 来表达.如：They have to gothere, don they?He has to leave early, doesn he ? t陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的ing形式或从句时,疑问局部的主语 多用it来表达.如：Taking care of our environment is verymportant, isn ' t it?What he said is right, isn it ?' t陈述句中含有 not、no、hardly、neither> never、few

10、、little > too to等否 定词或是具有否认意义的词时,疑问局部常用肯定形式.如：欢送下载学习好资料Few people knew the news, did they?Tom has never been to England, has he但陈述句中如果带有否认意义的前缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问局部多用否认形式.如：She isunhappy, isn she?陈述句中的谓语动词含有 推测性的词must 一定时,反意疑问局部多 与must之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致.Her mother must be a teacher, isn she?

11、tShe must have read thenovel, hasn she?陈述旬的主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时,反意 疑问局部的主语多用they;如果陈述句的主语是 something,nothing ,anything, everything等不定代词时,反意疑问局部的主语多用it.如：Nobody says a word about the accident do they ?Everything seems all right doesn" it?陈述句是主从复句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think、believe、

12、expect、feel、 guess等词,且主语是第一人称I时,反意疑问局部的人称、时态要与从句中 的人称、时态保持一致,同时还要考虑到否认的转移.如：I believe that the boy can get a ticket foryou, can he?I don' think he will come, will he?祈使句反意疑问句都可做成 will you?Please open the window, will you ?Don' talk, will you?但以Let'开头的祈使句用shall we?Let us will you ?Let me,

13、 will you ?如：Let' go shopping, shall we?Let us have a res t will you ?注意：对反意疑问句的答复,不管问题的提法如何,假设事实是肯定的,就用 yes,事实是否认的,就用no.即Yes +肯定,No +否认.这和汉语不一样, 应特别注意.如：John hasn' been to Beijing, has he?Yes, he has.不,他去过.No, he hasn'凶,他没去过.3、祈使句：1祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子.它的主语多是You 通常不说出.2祈使句可分为肯定、否认两

14、种形式.其中肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头,分两类：连系动词+表语如：形容词、名词等引起.例如：Keep quiet! 保持安静！Be a good student要做一我好学生！行为动词开头.例如：Open the door! 翻开门吧！Come here! 到这儿来！欢送下载学习好资料否认形式的构成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上Don' 6例如：Don' go there alone!不要一个人去那里.Don' be late for class again!别再上课迟到(3)在祈使句中加上 please可构成“Please或'",pleas画式

15、,please使句子 语气显得更委婉、礼貌.此时的否认句应变为“Please don' t 或“Don' t,please. 例如：Please give the book to me./Give the book to me, please.请把那本书给我.Pleasedon' play with fire./Don p lay with fire, please.请别玩火.(4)由let构成的肯定式的祈使句句型为：Let+宾语+动词原形+其它.例如：Let me have a good rest.让我好好休息下.以let引起的祈使句的否认形式,要视其在意思上否认了什

16、么来决定.如否认let, 那么用Don' let ；假设否认let后面的不定式,那么在不定式前加 not,即用“Let宾语 +not+动词原形+其它.句式.例如：Don' let the children play football on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球.Let ' snot wait outside the gate.咱们别在门外等.(5)祈使句的主语通常不说出来,但有时为了指明向谁提出请求、命令等时,或为了增强语气,此时可说出主语 you.例如：You feed the animals today.今天你喂动物.You sweep the

17、 floor.你拖地板.(6)祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用.意为 务必；一定等.例如：Do come, please 请一定来！Do tell her the thing.务必告诉她此事.4、感慨句：一种类：感慨句通常由 what或how引导,一般各有三种情况:(1) What引导的感慨句 What +a(an)+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！如：What a new watch it is!多么新的一块手表啊！What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语！如： What interesting books the children are reading!孩子们读的书多

18、么有趣啊！What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What important news it is!多重要的新闻啊!(2) How引导的感慨句How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！如：How tall the girl is!那个女孩多高啊! How+主语+谓语！如：How time flies!问过得多快！欢送下载学习好资料特别提示：如何判断用 what还是用how?方法一：但凡有a, an开头的,多用what;方法二：但凡形容词直接加名词多用what;方法三：其他一般用how o陈改感慨并不难；What或How置句前,形、副紧跟how后,what冠要和<形名连,主语谓语在句末,它

19、们省略也常见.二如何把陈述句改为感慨句：除以上口诀外,把陈述句变为感慨句时,还可以根据这种方法：乙断二加三换位“.断",即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两局部.例如： He is a good teacherHe is/a goodteacher.二加“, 即在第二局部前力上 how 强 调副词,形容词或what 强调名词.如：He iswhat a good teacher.三换位, 即把第一局部和第二局部互换位置,句号换感慨号.例如： What a good teacher he is!另外主语+ be + adj + todo变感慨句：How + adj +i 语 + be + t

20、o do如：I am very happy to hear the good news. How happy I am to hear the good news 不用very四、what、how引导的感慨句有时可相互转换如： What a clever boy he is!fHow clever the boy is! What good news it is!fHow good the news is!中考典型题精练一、选择：1、new radio it is! 南京A、How a B、What a C、HowD、What2、picture books in class, please.广

21、西A、Not read B No read C、Not reading D、Don' read3、 bad the weather is today!福州A、What B、How C What aD、How a4、 ;" called Mr Black when he heard the knock at his door.宁UA、Come on B、Come in C、Come back D、Come down5、 important information it is!A、What an B、What G HowD、How a6、一?欢送下载学习好资料I ' go

22、t a headache and a cough.安徽黄山A、What' your trouble ?B、What' s wrong with it ?C、Can I help you?D、How are you?7、He has never been to Beijing, A ?四川内江A、has heB、hasn' he C did he8、He' s already a little weak in Chinese, A ?A、isn ' t B、hasn' t C、hasD、is 江苏泰州9、He' worked there s

23、ince the shop opened in 1998, B ?A、isn 'he B hasn' heC、doesn' he D wasn' he 宁U10、The little dog is lovely, a ?青海A、isn ' it B、is it C、isn ' the dog D、is the dog11、Don' forget to return the library book, A ?辽宁A、will you B、can you C、do you D、are you12、 B you pass me a pen? I

24、 'like to write down the telephone number. 4t 京海淀A、NeedB、Could C、MustD、Should13、I hear Lili lives far from the school, she has lunch at school, D ? 南通A、is she B、isn ' she C、hasn' she D、doesn' she14、There will be a volleyball match in our school, D ?A、be there B、is there G will there

25、D、won' there15With the computers,people can do their work much more easily than before ?-C .A、can they; Yes, they canB、can they; No, hecan' tC、can' they; Yes, they can. D、can'they; No, he can ' t二、句型转W1、Mr King has to take exercise every morning.改为一般问句Does Mr King have to take ex

26、ercise every morning2、My Kite is broken.提问with your Kite? 12 山东聊城3、Alice does the shopping on Sundays.否认旬Alicedoesnt do the shopping on Sunday 4 济南4、Mr Hu taught her maths last year.一般问句Did Mr Hu teach her maths last year?5、His friend has already posted the photos.否认旬His friend hasntposted the photos yet .6、There is little water in the bottle.反意疑问句There is little water in the bottle,?4-6哈尔滨7、There are some birds in that tall tree.一般问句Are there any birds in