同位语从句讲解及练习

1、同位语从句辨认同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另 一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被 它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照

2、料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she wasa clone”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题： “多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I hear

3、d the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。1可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。（承诺信息主意 是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。 ）Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you thisafternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。2在

4、某些名词表建议，命令，要求等”（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 （即should+动词原形；should可省）There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。3同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。连接副词 how, when, where 等。（注： if, which1.连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的The idea tha

5、t you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。 （作idea的同位语）注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。Where did you get the idea that I could not come、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词你在哪儿听说我不能来that ，whether, 连接代词 what ，who。不能引导同位语从句。 ）that不能省略）He grabbed his suitcase and gave the imp

6、ression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call ina specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句A、连接代词wha

7、t, who, whom, whose引导同位语从句1）.I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 （what作定语）2）.The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主语）B连接副词when, where, how, why引导同位语从句Wehavent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。l have

8、no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法 上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to i

9、nspect them几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句）Weare glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制th

10、e news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句）2.被修饰词语的区别A.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词； 而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词， 而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。例如：1The boy who is playing football is my classmate2Those who work hard will succ

11、eed3The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody4The fact that you are talking about is important在句中， 划线部分是定语从句， 其先行词是名词boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行 词。在句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，句便是一例。由以上分析可见， 同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词， 但定语从句的 先行词不一定能用作同位语

12、从句的先行词。Bwhen，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名 词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如：1I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing2I have no idea when she will be back在句中，划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。3.引导词的不同定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when,whe

13、re，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。A.引导词that引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成 分,并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用。 不能省略。例如：1The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.2We heard the news that our team had won.在句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起

14、连接作用。that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词, 要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。B.引导词when, where,why引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成介词关系代词的形式；引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。例如：1I will n ever forget the day whe n I joi ned the army2We have no idea when she was born.

15、在句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成”介词+关系代词的形式。3This is the house where I lived two years ago.4He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held.在句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成in which的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词+关系代词的形式。5This is

16、 the reason why she will not attend the meeting6The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent在句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式；在句 中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词+关系代词的形式。 同位语从句-相关语法1、 同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。Ive come from Mr W

17、ang with a message that he wont be able to see you thisafternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫 做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。2、 同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。Where

18、did youget the idea that I could not come你在哪儿听说我不能来3、 同位语从句的语气在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同 位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。4、 同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词， 常见的有：idea, situation tho

19、ught, fact,evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。Howdid the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语， 同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏

20、你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。 一般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于主语+be+表语”结构。You must see to it that the children dont catch cold. (=You must see to it,and It is that the children dont catch cold.)5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on condition that John is invited.简析：短语Oncondition, on supposit

21、ion,你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。on theground（s）, on the understanding,with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+nodoubt(hope, chance, possibility,）后的that从句为同位语从句。练习题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. th

22、e fact2._ Is Mary from New York City I dont know.A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC.what city does she come fromD.what city she comes from makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. b

23、ecause I got B. because of gettingC.I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _ .A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _ .A. how

24、 he is getting alongB. how is he getting alongC.what he is getting alongD.what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the mat

25、ter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not bee wonder how much.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch cost

26、s13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC.The fact that she was a few minutes lateD.Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion

27、_ by a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC.being not all things can be doneD.because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had beencareless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A.

28、 that B. if C. what D. whether18._ Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang Well, I forgetI wassupposed to go to.A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a

29、mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because shesalways saved _ .A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earnssurprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violinso well.A. That.what B. What.that C. Tha

30、t.which D. What.which22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell me _A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the sports mee

31、t going to be heldC.when is the sports meet to beginD.when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _A. what size shoes he wearsB. how big shoes he wearsC.what is the size of his shoesD.what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you h

32、ave observedB. how what you have observedC.that you have observedD.how that you have observed27. Where do you think _A. has he gone B. has he beenC. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC.how many the population

33、of the world isD.what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is A. what B. interesting C. What isinteresting D

34、. II think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you think who he isC.Whom do you think he isD.Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _ .A. they lived B. they lived inC. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. n

35、o matter what34. The city is no longer _ .A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what we go swimming every dayus a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does was the i

36、deathe wife thought ofA. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how did he tell his wifehe wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where of the men held the viewthebook said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has fini

37、shed the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41._ Do you know His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is42. Is this _ we met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. think

38、s that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought thatall know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are livingA. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _ .A. w

39、hat I was doing when she rang me upthings.B. what was I doing when she rang me upC.when she rang me up what I was doingD. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring - You can takeyou like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that48. He said that he was fond of _ .A. wh

40、at beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ th

41、e experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All

42、 what is hard the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.go will go we go we go we cant get seems better thanwe have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what you dont like him

43、 is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That

44、 D. Where60_ he really means is _ he disagrees with us.A. Whatthat B. ThatwhatC. Whythat D. Ifwhat going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Wholl finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. Thathouse will be built will be discu

45、ssed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Wh

46、ich B. That C. If D. Howdays later, word came _ our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where problem iswill go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who looksit were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like ishe likes the place so much.A. th

47、at B. what C. why D. how isLu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why thoughtstrange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what factshe had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. howIm considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. wa

48、s you tell meA. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC.who that gentleman isD.whom is that gentleman the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is well known _ a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what B. that C. what D. how79. The

49、energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out _ two radios a

50、re the bestA. which B. what C. that D. whether83. You will easily know _ video recorders （录相机） are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those84._ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. When85. I asked her in English _ she was, a

51、nd she told me _ she was anactress.A. whothat B. whoXC. whatX D. howthat86. She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago.A. that B. whether C. if D. when87. We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve thehousing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how88. Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in （沉下） under the heavytraffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to