中小学校舍设置规范解读

1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic

2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this

3、 robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special condition

4、s set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation s

5、tandards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context o

6、f industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of

7、automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn

8、't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechan

9、ical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original

10、robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complet

11、e like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that

12、 the robot begand中小学校舍设置规范解读一、普通教室1. 单间使用面积：初中56、小学52、教学点40（96-09年农村标准）。现行中小学标准分别是67、61。2. 课桌椅、讲台、黑板规范、齐全、布置合理、整洁完好；每间教室至少配备2种不同高低型号课桌椅或配备高度可调课桌椅。3. 左采光，照明灯具种类、数量符合规定（9+2或6+2）。4.平均班额不超过标准（中小学班额省标准分别是50、45人。中心城区学校及乡镇中心中小学：初中平均班额55人，小学50人）。5.室内设施配置原则：齐全、规范、完好、整洁室内设施：包括课桌椅、黑板、讲台、多媒体终端设备、网络接口等，后墙宜设置展示板，

13、有条件的宜设储物柜。课桌椅：教室内在座学生应每人一席。规格符合学校课桌椅功能尺寸GB/T3976-2002）标准。每间教室至少配备2种不同高低型号课桌椅。黑板：黑板应完整无破损、无眩光，挂笔性能好，便于擦拭。黑板下缘与讲台地面的垂直距离：小学为0.80.9米，中学为11.1米;讲台桌面距教室地面的高度一般为1.2米。教室采光：应为左采光，双侧采光的教室主采光窗应设在左侧。教室采光玻地比（窗的透光面积与室内地面面积之比）不得低于1：6。教室照明：标准为:桌面平均照度300Ix。应配备40瓦荧光灯9盏以上（根据间数相应配置），并符合节能环保要求。灯管宜垂直于黑板布置。教室照明应采用配有灯罩的灯具，

14、不宜用裸灯，灯具距桌面的悬挂高度为1.71.9米 。 黑板照明应设2盏40瓦荧光灯，并配有灯罩（中小学校电气设计标准规定了黑板灯大致悬挂高度、水平距离，具体根据标准、黑板位置和实际确定）。参考文件资料：山东省普通中小学基本办学条件标准及补充规定，国家学校体育卫生条件试行基本标准（教体艺2008号）二、学科专用教室1.学科专用教室数量、使用面积标准：办学条件标准对小学专用教室间数、使用面积要求（学校班数介于12-17、18-23、24-29、30-35之间的，分别按12、18、24、30配备，超过36个班的，需增加1间）：名称每间面积12班18班24班30班36班间数面积间数面积间数面积间数面积

15、间数面积科学教室/科学活动室86186186217221723258音乐教室86186186217232583258舞蹈教室86186186186186美术教室(书法教室)86186186217232583258多媒体网络计算机室8618618618621722172综合实践活动室86186186217221722172设3年级的教学点应设置能满足教学需要的科学实验室（科学教室）和计算机教室。2室内固定设施要求：实验室及辅房主要设施：常规实验室：一般应有书写板、演示讲台、电源系统、灭火设施、学生实验桌（水电到桌，物理只设一套水嘴及水槽 ）、凳。小学科学：水、电（低压直流电）到桌。至少每学科实验

16、室有一间配备多媒体终端设备。实验员室：办公桌椅、管理用计算机、网络信息接口、资料柜。实验员室与准备室可以合用。但化学准备室不宜与实验员室合用。各学科实验准备室：实验准备台、水嘴及水槽、电源、灭火设施、仪器小车、储物柜、常用维修工具、维修工作台。 多媒体计算机网络教室主要设施：讲台、无尘白板、服务器、交换机、稳压电源、网络信息口、UPS电源、灭火设施；教师用多媒体计算机和计算机台及座椅、学生用多媒体计算机和学生计算机台及学生凳。 艺术类教学用房主要设施：音乐室 ：黑板（五线谱示教板或五线谱黑板）、钢琴、节拍器、多媒体设备、教师座椅、学生座椅。必要时可设合唱台、器具柜、音响系统、。 舞蹈室：钢琴、

17、节拍器、音响系统、把杆、照身镜，宜采用暖性地面（木地板或地板革等），不得使用吊灯、吊扇。有条件的宜设衣柜、鞋柜、多媒体设备。美术（书法）教室：一般配备书写板、演示讲台、多媒体设备、教师座椅、教具柜、水嘴及水槽。多间美术教室的宜按教学内容设置。写生教室还应配静物台，写生架、写生板、写生椅，衬布及遮光窗帘；国画、书法教室应配书画桌椅、书画毡、书画文具等。（注意：音美教室首先是教室，要满足班级教学需要）技术教室（综合实践活动室）：书写板、演示讲台、相关设备和工具、学生工作台、学生凳、灭火设施、陈列柜、工具车、水嘴及水槽。器材依据所开设项目确定。注意：桌凳、设施应满足最大班额，每一类至少1间应安装多媒

18、体，中8（理、化、生、技术、史地、音、美、计算机），小5（科学、综合、音、美、计算机）。辅助用房（仪器室、器材室、准备室、实验员室等），各室个数、面积依据班数查看山东省普通中小学基本办学条件标准及补充规定，见最后附表。）种类全，橱柜足，仪器器材摆放规范，管理员熟悉标准、数据，帐物相符。三、公共教学用房1公共教学用房使用面积标准：办学条件标准对小学公共教学用房使用面积要求：名称每间面积12班18班24班30班36班间数面积间数面积间数面积间数面积间数面积多功能教室100130160190220图书阅览室120170220270320心理咨询室18118118118118118体育活动室30030

19、0300300300科技活动室2539393939卫生保健室141141142282282282公共教学用房室内固定设施：图书阅览室：藏书室应采取通风、防火、防潮、防鼠及遮阳等措施。配备书架、报刊架、出纳台、书柜、目录柜（采用计算机管理的不配备）、文件柜、陈列柜、办公桌椅、灭火器、装订设备等安全设备等。提倡实行计算机管理，逐步配备计算机、录音、扫描仪、复印、刻录机、打印机、文献保护等设备。阅览室应配备阅览桌椅、报刊架，开架阅览的应配备书架。座位数量：小学教师阅览室同时兼作会议室的，按全体教师设座位（与会议室分设的阅览室设座比例可以与初中相同）；学生阅览室小学宜按全校学生人数的1/20；多功能教

20、室（综合电教室、合班教室、阶梯教室）：各校在不低于规定面积标准情况下，可根据情况，确定多功能教室个数和每间的使用面积。面积较大的多功能教室应设计为阶梯状。应配备：书写板、座椅若干、讲台、电源、多媒体终端及投影设备、音响（扩音设备）、灭火器、中控系统。体育、健康用房：体育健康用房主要包括体育活动室（体育馆）、体育器材室、心理咨询室、卫生保健室、体质测试室。体育活动室（体育馆）：中学30个班以上的体育活动室（体育馆）内应设置篮排球场、乒乓球场地、器材室、更衣室等，其余小型体育活动室主要用于雨雪天气的室内体育课、体育及文娱活动，可配备相关设施。 体育器材室：应配备器材陈列架、球筐、办公桌椅等。心理咨

21、询室：设置应为保护学生隐私提供方便，室内环境应温馨。心理咨询室应独立设置，不得与其他室合用。设施主要包括：沙发、茶几、计算机、打印机、电视机、影碟机、收录机、小型情绪调节器械、常用心理测量工具和统计软件、心理图书资料、资料柜等。卫生保健室：应配备诊察桌凳、诊察床，及规定的器材器械。科技活动室：科技活动室一般配备学生操作台、凳和工具材料柜、陈列柜，活动器材依据开展的科技活动项目配备。四、学生生活用房设置标准1.学生宿舍有取暖、降温设施，且楼房每层楼有盥洗室、卫生间，平房宿舍在宿舍区设置厕所和洗刷间（设施），盥洗设施满足需要。2.食堂设施、餐厅餐桌椅、洗刷设备基本齐全；能为学生热饭；3.宿舍、食堂

22、生均使用面积分别不低于3、1.5。4.学校能给学生提供饮用热水，且饮水器数量充足。宿舍主要设施：公用设施包括取暖、降温设施，每层楼设盥洗室（浴室）（中小学设计规范盥洗槽应按每12人占600mm长度或一个水龙头计算）；、卫生间；平房宿舍应在宿舍区设厕所、洗刷间（设施）。寝室设施包括床铺、储物柜等。宿舍应悬挂窗帘，有安全防护措施等。食堂主要设施：初加工、烹调、备餐间、仓库应分设或分区设置，且食品加工必须生熟分开；加工设备主要有合面机、馒头机、蒸饭设施、炒菜设施、洗菜设施、面案菜案等初加工设施等。餐厅主要设施：餐桌、餐凳满足学生就餐需要，洗刷设施齐全。 饮用热水设施：设有开水房或在教学区设有饮水机（

23、电开水器），并有热水供应（中小学设计规范：教学楼内应分层设饮水处。宜按每50人设一个饮水器）。附：1、山东省普通小学各类校舍用房使用面积标准用房名称每间面积12班540人18班810人24班1080人30班1350人36班1620人备注间数面积小计间数面积小计间数面积小计间数面积小计间数面积小计合计25783458488559236753一、教学及教学辅助用房177023773523425148011、普通教室61127321810982414643018303621962、专用教室及辅房730891127015281632科学教室/科学活动室86186186217221723258准备室18

24、118118236236354科学仪器室 2323404040音乐教室86186186217232583258音乐器材室30130130130130130舞蹈教室86186186186186美术教室(书法教室)86186186217232583258美术器材室30130130130130130语言实验室（选配，原必配）（86）（1）（86）（1）（86）（1）（86）（2）（172）（2）（172）语言资料室23123123123123123多媒体网络计算机室8618618618621722172计算机辅房30130130130130130计算机资料及工作室30130130130130130机

25、器人实验室/准备室选配根据实际需要确定综合实践活动室86186186217221722172综合实践活动器材室30130130130130130生物园地11111机动教室（新增）611612122212221222122科技活动室（新增）1251391391391393、公共教学用房308388789893973多功能教室（原综合电教室）100130160190220电教器材室30130130130130130图书阅览室120170220270320网络中心（24）（24）（24）2424心理咨询室18118118118118118体育活动室（必配，原选配）必配-130013001300体育器

26、材室4040616161二、办公用房342422512616707教学办公室80124164204245行政办公室14570684798811210140广播社团办公室1420263238会议接待室3040506070德育展览室3030304040卫生保健室14114114228228228总务仓库2834404652维修管理室1118118118118118档案室18118118118236236文印室18118118118118118传达值宿室22122122122122122三、生活用房46665985010561245教工单身宿舍6587116144173学生宿舍按寄宿生生均面积不小于

27、3设置另计教工与学生食堂261391520649777锅炉房根据实际需要设置另计浴室根据实际需要设置另计开水房2424243636汽车库根据实际需要设置另计配电室241241241242424厕所92133166203235注：1、语言实验室调整为选配。2、综合电教室更名为多功能教室，与多媒体教室、农远教室合用。3、机动教室、科技活动室为补充规定中新增校舍。4、体育活动室24班以上调整为必配，面积为300平方米。manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion wit

28、h manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however thes

29、e two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's moder

30、n industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2)

31、 the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable

32、 Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the