11G+RAC+静默安装-oralce

1、 云和恩墨 成就所托 11G RAC 静默安装（2020-10-14）云和恩墨(北京)信息技术有限公司 文档控制：序版本号更改人日期备注11.0版 韩啸2020-10-14初始版本编制韩啸（签字）日期2020-10-14校对（签字）日期审核（签字）日期批准（签字）日期 目 录1. 文档概要- 4 -2. 主要搭建步骤及基本参数- 4 -3. 新环境搭建- 4 -4. 主备库客户端安装- 5 -4.1 主库安装数据库- 5 -4.1.1 安装前的配置- 5 -4.1.2 安装客户端- 7 -4.1.3 创建监听- 8 -4.1.4 DBCA创建数据库- 8 -4.2 备库安装客户端- 8 -5.

2、 搭建DataGuard- 8 -5.1 主库配置- 8 -5.1.1 开启归档并启用FORCE_LOGGING- 8 -5.1.2 拷贝密码文件- 9 -5.1.3 主库配置listener.ora与tnsnames.ora- 9 -5.1.4 更改参数- 10 -5.2 备库配置- 11 -5.2.1 备库配置listener.ora与tnsnames.ora- 11 -5.2.2 备库配置pfile- 11 -5.2.3 备库启动到nomount- 13 -5.3 执行DUPLICATE- 14 -5.4 创建standby redo- 14 -摘要: 本报告为我司向贵方提供的数据库服务

3、报告，同时作为档案留存，为贵方数据库运行提供历史数据。本文档可能涉及系统重要信息，仅供用户参考。同时在传阅过程中应注意安全保密事宜，防止泄密事件发生。1. 文档概要本文档主要描述11G rac的静默搭建。2. 主要搭建步骤及基本参数主要的搭建步骤包括：n 安装两台虚拟机并安装配置好oracle客户端（4G内存）n 基础环境搭建n 静默安装GIn 静默安装数据库软件n dbca建库基本参数如下：参数rac1rac2rac34prip56vip78scan_ip1

4、7操作系统rhel 7.4oracle版本3. 新环境搭建3.1 安装虚拟机-安装虚拟机步骤略。1）4G内存，2） 本地磁盘各40G3） 3块5Gvote盘、1块10Gdata盘4） 两块网卡，一块桥接模式，一块host-only模式3.2安装好之后的配置1、 检查网卡参考：rootrac1 # cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scriptsrootrac1 network-scripts# cat ifcfg-enp0s3TYPE="Ethernet"PROXY_METHOD="none"BROW

5、SER_ONLY="no"BOOTPROTO="static"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"NAME="enp0s3"UUID=&quo

6、t;e94c5cdb-b81b-4e63-aaf1-4dd33a3e2175"DEVICE="enp0s3"ONBOOT="yes"IPADDR="3"PREFIX="24"IPV6_PRIVACY="no"rootrac1 network-scripts# cat ifcfg-enp0s8TYPE=EthernetPROXY_METHOD=noneBROWSER_ONLY=noBOOTPROTO=staticDEFROUTE=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FA

7、TAL=noIPV6INIT=yesIPV6_AUTOCONF=yesIPV6_DEFROUTE=yesIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacyNAME=enp0s8UUID=fb5ae2c2-55a4-4b6e-aab9-18141811b783DEVICE=enp0s8ONBOOT=yesIPADDR=5PREFIX=24IPV6_PRIVACY=no2、 配置YUM编辑yum的配置文件：echo "rhel" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.rep

8、oecho "name=rhel 7" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repoecho "baseurl=file:/media" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repoecho "enabled=1" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repoecho "gpgcheck=0" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo挂载镜像文件:mount /dev/cdrom /media3、 安装pac

9、kageyum -y install binutils yum -y install compat-libcap1 yum -y install compat-libstdc+-33 yum -y install e2fsprogs yum -y install e2fsprogs-libs yum -y install elfutils-libelf yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel yum -y install gcc yum -y install gcc-c+ yum -y install glibc yum -y install glibc-de

10、vel yum -y install libaio yum -y install libaio-devel yum -y install libgcc yum -y install libstdc+ yum -y install libstdc+-devel yum -y install make yum -y install sysstat yum -y install unixODBC yum -y install ksh yum -y install libX11 yum -y install libXau yum -y install libXi yum -y install libX

11、tst yum -y install libxcb yum -y install smartmontools yum -y install unixODBC-devel yum -y install net-toolsyum -y install compat-libstdc+-33*yum -y install unzipyum -y install vim*yum -y install perl安装结束后执行检查：rpm -q -qf '%NAME-%VERSION-%RELEASE (%ARCH)n' binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libs

12、tdc+-33 e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-libs elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c+ glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc+ libstdc+-devel make sysstat unixODBC ksh libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libxcb smartmontools unixODBC-devel net-tools unzip vim* perl4、关闭防火墙systemctl stop firewalld.se

13、rvice systemctl disable firewalld.service5、配置系统内核参数cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf_date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S" echo "# oracle configure" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 1284" >&g

14、t; /etc/sysctl.confecho "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "kernel.shmall = 1073741824 " >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "kernel.shmmax = 270368858112" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "kernel.panic_on_oops = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "

15、;net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.ipv4.conf

16、.all.rp_filter = 2" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "vm.dirty_ra

17、tio=20" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "vm.dirty_background_ratio=3" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=100" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "vm.swappiness=10" >> /e

18、tc/sysctl.confecho "vm.min_free_kbytes=524288" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh = 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh = 15728640" >> /etc/sysctl.confecho "net.ipv4.ipfrag_time=60" >> /etc/sy

19、sctl.confsysctl -p6、配置资源cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf_date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S" echo "# oracle configure" >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "grid soft nproc 16384 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "grid hard nproc 16384 " >&

20、gt; /etc/security/limits.confecho "grid soft nofile 1024 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "grid hard nofile 65536 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "grid soft stack 10240 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "grid hard stack 32768 " >>

21、 /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle soft nproc 131072 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle hard nproc 131072 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle soft nofile 40964 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle hard nofile 65536 "

22、>> /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle soft stack 10240 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle hard stack 32768 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle soft memlock 26843545 " >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "oracle hard memlock 26

23、843545 " >> /etc/security/limits.conf7、修改 pam.dcp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login_date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S" echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login8、关闭SELINUXcp /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config_date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S" sed -i 's/

24、SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config9、关闭avahi-daemonsystemctl disable avahi-daemon.socketsystemctl stop avahi-daemon.servicesystemctl disable avahi-daemon.service10、修改/etc/hosts文件cp /etc/hosts /etc/hosts_date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"echo "$host1_ip $host1" >&g

25、t; /etc/hostsecho "$host2_ip $host2" >> /etc/hostsecho "$host1_vip $host1-vip" >> /etc/hostsecho "$host2_vip $host2-vip" >> /etc/hostsecho "$host1_priv $host1-priv" >> /etc/hostsecho "$host2_priv $host2-priv" >> /etc/hos

26、tsecho "$cluster_scan $cluster-scan" >> /etc/hosts11、修改 /etc/sysconfig/network文件cp /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/network_date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S" echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >> /etc/sysconfig/network12、将现有resolv停用mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak13、 添加

27、用户和组groupadd -g 54321 oinstallgroupadd -g 54322 dbagroupadd -g 54323 opergroupadd -g 54324 backupdbagroupadd -g 54325 dgdbagroupadd -g 54326 kmdbagroupadd -g 54327 asmdbagroupadd -g 54328 asmopergroupadd -g 54329 asmadmingroupadd -g 54330 racdba/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,as

28、madmin,asmoper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper gridecho 'a' | passwd oracle -stdinecho 'a' | passwd grid -stdin14、 创建目录mkdir -p /oracle/app//gridmkdir -p /oracle/app/gridmkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/

29、product//dbhome_1chown -R grid:oinstall /oraclechown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oraclechmod -R 775 /oracle/15、 配置环境变量1节点：# gridecho "umask 022" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "expo

30、rt ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app//grid" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "# PATH" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$O

31、RACLE_HOME/bin:" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "# LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib" >> /

32、home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "# CLASSPATH" >> /home/g

33、rid/.bash_profileecho "export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >> /home/grid/.bash_profilee

34、cho "export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "# THREADS_FLAG" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export THREADS_FLAG=native" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "# TEMP, TMP, and TMPDIR" >> /home

35、/grid/.bash_profileecho "export TEMP=/tmp" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export TMPDIR=/tmp" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "# TNS_ADMIN" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho &qu

36、ot;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT

37、="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "alias rm='rm -i'" >> /home/grid/.bash_profileecho "alias ls="ls -FA"" >> /home/grid/.bash_profil

38、e# oracleecho "umask 022" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product//dbhome_1" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "# PATH" >&

39、gt; /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/

40、bin/X11:/usr/local/bin" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "# LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib&

41、quot; >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "# CLASSPATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE" >> /home/oracle/.

42、bash_profileecho "export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib" >> /home/

43、oracle/.bash_profileecho "# THREADS_FLAG" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export THREADS_FLAG=native" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "# TEMP, TMP, and TMPDIR" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export TEMP=/tmp" >> /home/oracle/.b

44、ash_profileecho "export TMPDIR=/tmp" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "# TNS_ADMIN" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin" >> /home/o

45、racle/.bash_profileecho "export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"" >> /home/oracle/

46、.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_SID=rac1" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "alias rm='rm -i'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profileecho "alias ls="ls -FA"" >> /home/

47、oracle/.bash_profile2节点修改ORACLE_SID即可。4. 安装GI4.1 安装前的配置1、 配置共享磁盘查看磁盘信息：fdisk -l |grep sd获取磁盘id：/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -whitelisted -replace-whitespace -device=/dev/sdb/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -whitelisted -replace-whitespace -device=/dev/sdc/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -whitelisted -replace-whitespace -device=

48、/dev/sdd/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -whitelisted -replace-whitespace -device=/dev/sde创建99-my-asmdevices.rules文件：vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-my-asmdevices.rulesKERNEL="sd*!0-9", ENVDEVTYPE="disk", SUBSYSTEM="block", PROGRAM="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESU

49、LT="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB701e3713-0ceca051", SYMLINK+="asmdisk/ASM_VOTE_1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"KERNEL="sd*!0-9", ENVDEVTYPE="disk", SUBSYSTEM="block", PROGRAM="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d

50、$devnode", RESULT="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB276b925a-f5c944d6", SYMLINK+="asmdisk/ASM_VOTE_2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"KERNEL="sd*!0-9", ENVDEVTYPE="disk", SUBSYSTEM="block", PROGRAM="/usr/lib/ud

51、ev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBe49e5d77-1ecdf5cf", SYMLINK+="asmdisk/ASM_VOTE_3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"KERNEL="sd*!0-9", ENVDEVTYPE="disk", SUBSYSTEM="block", PROGR

52、AM="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB4659a073-81ba95c5", SYMLINK+="asmdisk/ASM_DATA_1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"配置生效：udevadm trigger -type=devices -action=changeudevadm control -reloa

53、d查看共享磁盘状态：ll /dev/asmdisk/2、 将压缩包上传到1节点并解压gridscp -r * oracle3:/oracle/softwareunzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip3、 配置互信grid用户下：cd /oracle/software/grid/sshsetup./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "rac1 rac2 rac1-priv rac2-priv" -advanced -exverify -confirm noPromptPas

54、sphrase./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts "rac1 rac2 rac1-priv rac2-priv" -advanced -exverify -confirm noPromptPassphrase4、grid安装检查grid用户下：cd /oracle/software/grid./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose4.2 静默安装GRIDgrid用户下：./runInstaller -responseFile /oracle/software/gri

55、d_install.rsp -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress安装结束后查看集群资源：crsctl stat res -t查看ASM磁盘组的状况：sqlplus / as sysasmSQL> select instance_name from v$instance;grid_install.rsp参考：oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1INVENTORY_LOCA

56、TION=/oracle/app/oraInventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=enoracle.install.option=CRS_CONFIGORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/gridORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app//gridoracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdbaoracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoperoracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadminoracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=rac-scanoracle.i

57、nstall.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=11521oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=rac-clusteroracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=falseoracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsSubDomain=oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsVIPAddress=oracle.install.crs.config.autoConfigureClusterNodeVIP=falseoracle.install.cr

58、s.config.clusterNodes=rac1:rac1-vip,rac2:rac2-vipworkInterfaceList=enp0s3::1,enp0s8::2oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=ASM_STORAGEoracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.diskDriveMapping=oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskLocations=ora

59、cle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskRedundancy=NORMALoracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrLocations=oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrRedundancy=NORMALoracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=falseoracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcUsername=oracle.inst

60、all.crs.config.ipmi.bmcPassword=oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=aoracle.install.asm.diskG=CRSDGoracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=NORMALoracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=1oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/asmdisk/ASM_VOTE_1,/dev/asmdisk/ASM_VOTE_2,/dev/asmdisk/ASM_VOTE_3oracl

61、e.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/asmdiskoracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=aoracle.install.crs.upgrade.clusterNodes=oracle.install.asm.upgradeASM=falseoracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATESoracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

62、AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=PROXY_HOST=PROXY_PORT=0PROXY_USER=PROXY_PWD=PROXY_REALM=4.3报错1）：Adding Clusterware entries to inittabohasd failed to startFailed to start the Clusterware. Last 20 lines of the alert log follow: 2020-10-12 15:03:22.302: client(7989)CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.解决： cd /var/tmp/.oracle/rootrac1 .oracle# ll总用量 0prw-r-r-. 1 root root 0 10月 12 15:04 npohasdrootrac1 .oracle# dd if=npohasd of=/dev/