2017年高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第9讲3种思路及2种方法搞清亦真亦假的虚拟语气

1、 第 9 讲 3 种思路及 2 种方法搞清亦真亦假的虚拟语气 【备考指导丨虚拟语气是历年高考中考查的较多的一个考点， 通常是以单项填空、语法填空、 短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。 解决虚拟语气类题目通常使用的方法有： 看是否是考 查固定句型中的虚拟语气用法， 是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的词来判断， 是否可以通过 上下语境和时态呼应来找突破口。 一、背诵歌诀记忆相关知识 虚拟语气意虚幻，愿望事实总相反。所列条件是假设，亦表建议和委婉。假设条件在现在， 具体实施没实现。从句使用过去时，主句动前 would 添。过去事实已存在，后来假设没实现。 would 加上完成时，过去完成凑条件。表示将来

2、可能性，小而又小很可怜。 would 后面动词 立，从句 should 加动原。wish后接宾从句，主语构思难实现。从句虚拟分三种，现在将来 谓语换。as if （though） 引从句，情同 wish宾从连。一个坚持俩命令，三个建议四请愿。 所有从句都在数，虚拟 should 放动前。虚拟语气经常用，莫与直陈混一谈。 二、虚拟语气的 3 种命题类型与解题思路 要成为解题高手，就要知道试题是怎样命制的， 也就是说，要了解命题人在考查某一项知识 时采用什么样的方式来设计题目， 有哪些题型，以便有针对性地找出解题思路， 快速破解题 目。研究近几年高考中出现的虚拟语气试题，我们会发现如下命题规律 （

3、三大类型题）： 1. 直接型 直接考查虚拟语气的相关知识，题目设置较为简单。比如对“虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的用 法”的考查：（1）主句信息已知，让考生判断从句的动词形式；（2）从句信息已知，让考生判 断主句的动词形式。 【解题思路】分别根据主、从句动词的形式，来确定所对应的动词形式。 【典例展示】 Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they _ （be） friends for many years. 答案 had bee n 解析句意：尽管他们是第一次见面，但是他们谈起话来就好像他们已经是多年的好朋友

4、一 样。as if 后面的从句如果表示的是虚假的事情， 要使用虚拟语气；本句表示对过去的虚拟， 故填 had been。 【警示】有的句子中条件从句的谓语动词表示的动作和主句谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间 不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句，这时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进 2 行调整。 2 .含蓄型 有时虚拟条件不是通过 if 引导的条件句来表示的，而是用其他方式来表示的： (1) 用介词短语 but for(意思是要不是” )，without(如果没有)等来代替条件从句。 【解题思路】变换成条件句，便于得出答案。 【典例展示 1】 一 But for your timely wa

5、rning, we _ (get) into great trouble. Well, you know we re friends. 答案 would have got 解析 句意：一一要不是你及时提醒，我已经陷入大麻烦了。 一一嗯！你知道我们是好朋友 的。本题是一个含蓄条件的虚拟语气，它表示的条件不是通过 if 条件句表示出来，而是通 过介词短语 but for 要不是，如果没有；根据句意可知这件事情发生在过去，故主句使 用 would have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟。 【典例展示 2】I was ill that day, otherwise I _ (take) part i

6、n the sports meet. 答案 would have take n 解析 对过去已经发生事情的虚拟，主句用 would have done 形式。句意：那天我生病了， 不然我会参加运动会的。 (2) 用 otherwise 表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气 【解题思路】可以利用“倒推法”，根据后文已知信息推知前文未知信息。 【典例展示】 He _ his work , otherwise he would not be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should have completed B . has completed C.

7、would have completed D . can t have co mpleted 答案 B 解析 otherwise 相当于一个虚拟条件，是对真实情况相反的假设，由此我们可以推出： otherwise 前应是真实情况，故空白处应该是陈述语气，故答案为 B。 (3) 虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来。命题模式为：“虚拟情况+ but +真实情况”。 【解题思路】针对“虚拟情况+ but +真实情况”这种命题模式， 我们可以双向推理： 可以利 用真实推出虚拟，也可以利用虚拟推出真实。 【典例展示】 Bob would have helped us yesterday , but he _

8、. A. was busy B . is busy 3 C. had been busy D . will be busy 答案 A 解析 句意为：鲍勃昨天本来想帮助我们的， 但是他太忙了。 “他太忙了”是一个过去的事 实，故用一般过去时。 3 .混合型 同时对虚拟语气和陈述语气进行考查。 “混合型”常常利用“一词多义”来设计题目。 【解题思路】分析单词在句中到底表示什么语气。 【典例展示】The graduate in sisted that he _ (send) to the West to teach the childre n there and that what he chose

9、 _ (be) right even though his pare nts didn t want him to go. 答案 (should) be sent; was 解析句意：这位毕业生坚持要求被派到西部教那里的孩子， 即使他的父母亲不想他那样做， 他也坚持认为他的选择是正确的。当 in sist 表示“坚持要求做某事”的时候，后面的宾语 从句要使用“ should +动词原形”， should 可以省略；当 insist 表示“坚持认为”，后面 的宾语从句要使用陈述语气。 分析研究典型试题，考生得到的将是解决一类题的方法。 三、常用的 2 个解题方法 方法 1 句型提示法 虚拟语气可

10、以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中， 在不同的从句中，虚拟语气用不同 的动词形式来体现，如 if 非真实条件句(分三种情形)，wish后的宾语从句，It is time that.的定语从句等。所以，掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词形式，就基本上掌握了虚 拟语气的用法。 【典例展示丨 一 Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _ (know) where he lives. 答案 knew 解析 wish引导的宾语从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时态。句 意：你知道他的地址么？不知道，我也希望自己知道他住哪里。 方法 2 特定

11、词汇暗示法 英语中某些短语如 If it were not for/had not been for , but for. , if only. , without 等，往往要采用虚拟语气，它们对于解答试题有很大的帮助， 掌握了这些要点知识，做起题 来也就很容易了。 4 【典例展示】 Without electricity, human life _ (be) quite differe nt today. 答案 would be 解析 句意：如果没有电，今天人类的生活将相当的不同。此句可换为： If there were no electricity, human life would be

12、 quite differe nt today. 本句表达与现在事实相反的 虚拟语气。 跟踪训练 【考点突破】 I. 根据句子表达的情景，用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. _ Maybe if I (study) scienee , and not literature _ then , I would be able to give you more help. 2. Where are the children? The dinner s going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ (be not) always late. 3. _ I (c

13、ome) sooner but I didn t know _ that they were waiting for me. 4. We _ (arrive) there on time yesterday but for the traffic jam. 5 . I _ (not go) through that bitter period without your gen erous help. 6. _ If I (have) time next week , I would go to the party. 7. If I_ (be) you , I should go and see

14、 the dentist at once. 8 . If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier , you _ (catch) the trai n. 9. If he were you, he _ (miss) the concert last night. 10. It is requested that Class Two _ (give) a performanee at the English evening. n.单句改错 1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I

15、 had more time for fun. _ 2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today. _ 3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate 5 in two direct ions at once. _ 4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fe

16、wer workers now. _ 5. It might have been done better if you have been more careful. _ 6. I actually believe that we would be in Xi an now if you hadn t caught drunk driv ing last month. _ 7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education. _ 8. Mr. Li, my English teacher, sp

17、eaks English as if he is an Englishman. _ 9. Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there. _ 10. I d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow. _ 【能力提升丨 I阅读理解 A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading.lt is remarkable first for what it contain

18、s: the range of news from local crime to international politics , from sport to bus in ess to fashi on to scie nee , and the range of comme nt and special features（ 特写）as well , from editorial page to feature articles and in terviews to criticism of books , art , theatre and music. A n ewspaper is e

19、ve n more remarkable for the way one reads it: n ever completely , never straight through , but always by jumping from here to there , in and out glancing at one piece , reading another article all the way through , reading just a few paragraphs of the text.A good moder n n ewspaper offers a variety

20、 to attract many different readers , but far from one reader is interested in what brings this variety together in.One place is its topicality（ 时事性）,its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now.But immediacy and the speed of product ion that goes with it mean also

21、that much of what appears in a n ewspaper has no more than transient（ 短暂的）value.For all these reasons , no two people really 6 read the same paper: what each pers on does is to put together out of the pages of that day s paper, his own select ion and seque nee, his own n ewspaper.For all these reaso

22、ns , reading newspapers efficiently , which meansgetting what you want from them without miss ing thi ngs you n eed but without wasti ng time , dema nds skill and self-aware ness as you modify and apply the tech niq ues of read ing. 1. A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT it

23、s _ A. wide coverage B . uniform style C. speed in reporting news D . popularity 2. According to the passage , the reason why no two people really read the same n ewspaper is that _ A. people scan for the news they are interested in B. different people prefer different newspapers C. people are not i

24、nterested in the same kind of news D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is 3. It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers _ A. apply reading techniques skillfully B. jump from one newspaper to another C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper D. usually read a ne

25、wspaper selectively 4. A good newspaper offers _ “a variety ” to readers because A. it tries to serve different readers B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality C. readers are difficult to please D. readers like reading different newspapers n.完形填空 Once a boy really had everythi ng

26、 he wan ted , so he was_1_in terested in the rarest( 最 7 稀有的)objects.One day he_2_a mysterious mirror and took it home.When he looked into the mirror , he found that his_3_looked very sad.He tried_4_ , but it remained the same. Surprised , the boy went off to buy some sweets.He went homeand looked i

27、nto the mirror as happily as possible , _5_he still looked sad.He bought all kinds of toys , but he looked forever_6_in that mirror.So the boy put the mirror away in a_7_. _ “What a(n) 8 mirror ! I ve never seen a mirror that didn t _9_ properly !” That same after noon he went out to play , but on h

28、is _10_ to the park he saw a little girl crying loudly.So he went over to see what was happening.The little girl told him that she had_11_her pare nts. Together , they_12_in search of them.As the little girl continued crying , the boy_13_his money in buying sweets to cheer her up._14_ , after walkin

29、g for a long time , they found her parents , who looked very worried. The boy said goodbye , and walked off towards the park.However , _15_ the time , he decided to turn around and head_16_home , as he had no time to_17_.At home , he went to his room and no ticed a shining_18_in the cor ner where he

30、 had left the mirror.Seeing this , he went over to the mirror and_19_that the light was coming from his own body , because he was so happy about having helped that little girl. So he understood the mystery of that mirror , the only mirror reflecting faithfully the_20 joy of its owner. 1. A.never B .

31、 sometimes C. only D . seldom 2. A.found B . wanted C. guessed D . expected 3. A.head B . nose C. face D . mouth 4 . A.smili ng B . shout ing C. crying D . smelli ng 5 . A.and B . so 8 C. when D . but 6 . A.sad B . angry C. happy D . worried 7 . A.cor ner B . box C. room D . bag 8 . A.i nteresti ng

32、B . terrible C. wo nderful D . difficult 9 . A.move B . look C. keep D . work9 10 A.way B course C road D line 11 A.escaped B hated C excited D lost 12 A.set off B set aside Cset down D set up 13 A.took B cost C spent D held 14 A.Finally B Actually C Naturally D Generally 15 A.telling B seeing C fee

33、ling D pointing 16 A.in B for Coff D at 17 A.talk B eat C play D walk 18 A.light B mirror C colour D star C improved D realised 20 A.possible B true C strange D common 川.语法填空 When the lady Nadine Kentucky was 85 years old, she was asked what she would do if she 1. _ (have) her life to live over agai

34、n. “I 2. _ (make) more mistakes next time without 3. _ (worry) too much， she said, “Id relax. I would limber up. I would take fewer things seriously. I 4. _ (take) more rivers. I would eat more ice cream and fewer beans. I would perhaps have more actual troubles, but I d have fewer imaginary ones. ”

35、 You see, I m one of those people who live sensibly and sanely hour after hour, day after day. Oh, 5. _ I had to do it over again, I 6. _ (have) more of them. In fact, I d try to have nothing else.7. _ I had to do it over again, 19 A.touched B invented 10 I would travel happier than I have. ” “If I

36、8. _ (have) mylife to live over, I 9. _ (start) barefoot earlier in the spring and stay that way later in the fall. I would go to more dances. I 10. _ (ride) more horses and I would pick more daisies( 雏菊 ) ”11 第 9 讲 3 种思路及 2 种方法搞清亦真亦假的虚拟语气 考点突破 I. I.had studied 2.were n t 3.would have come 4would ha

37、ve arrived 5.could/would/might/should not have gone 6.had/should have/were to have 7were 8.could/should/would/might have caught 9wouldn t have missed 10.(should) give n. I.are were 2.在 become 前加 have 3.will would 4.在 But 后加 for 5.第二个 have had 6.在 caught 前力口 been 7.establish established 8. is Twere 9

38、.can could 10.goeswent 能力提升 1. 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“ It is remarkable first for what it contains ：. ” 可知一份现代报纸的分类广泛；由第二段第三句“ One place is its topicality ， its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. ”可 知报纸新闻具有快速性；由第二段第二句“ .but far from one reader is interested in what

39、 brings this variety together in. ”可知报纸新闻很受欢迎。故选 B。 2. A 推理判断题。 根据第二段倒数第二句“ .what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day s paper， his own selection and sequence ，his own newspaper. ”可以判断每个人看的报纸都不相同，因为人们会按照个人兴趣来阅读报纸。 3. D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“ .which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time ， demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading. ”可知，每位读 者都是有选择性地读报纸