英文版法语语法---3 简单将来时

1、简单将来时1. formation（形式）The 'simple' future (le futur) is so-named because it is a one-word tense.In other words, its formation is simple because there is no auxiliary. The endings for the simple future are: -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont. The future stem for -er and -ir verbs is the infinitive.

2、 For regular re verbs, the stem is the infinitive minus the final e. In all cases, the future stem ends in -r: this sound characterizes the future and the conditional.The French simple future tense is generally translated into English with the modal auxiliary 'will.' Listen carefully to the

3、future conjugation of regular -er verbs, where the e of the infinitive changes in pronunciation. nager 'to swim' je nagerai, I will swim nous nagerons, we will swim tu nageras, you will swim vous nagerez, you will swim il, elle / on nagera,he, she (it) / one will swim ils / elles nageront, t

4、hey will swimSome -er verbs with spelling changes in the present form their future regularly, that is, their future stem is the infinitive. These include verbs like préférer (je préférérai), manger (je mangerai) and commen?er (je commen?erai). Other -er verbs with spelling c

5、hanges in the present (appeler, employer, acheter) have irregular future stems. réfléchir 'to think' je réfléchirai, I will think nous réfléchirons, we will think tu réfléchiras, you will think vous réfléchirez, you will think il, elle / on r

6、éfléchira, he, she (it) / one will think ils / elles réfléchiront, they will think rendre 'to give back' je rendrai, I will give back nous rendrons, we will give back tu rendras, you will give back vous rendrez, you will give back il, elle / on rendra, he, she (it) / one

7、will give back ils / elles rendront, they will give back Many verbs which are irregular in the present tense have regular formations in the future. Their future stems are the infinitive or the infinitive minus the final e. Such verbs include sortir (je sortirai), partir (je partirai), dormir (je dor

8、mirai), boire (je boirai), dire (je dirai), écrire (j'écrirai), lire (je lirai), mettre (je mettrai), prendre(je prendrai), and suivre (je suivrai). 2. uses（用法）The simple future is used to refer to future events, that is, to make predictions. It is more formal than the immediate future

9、, although both tenses may be used in most contexts. For further details, see future: usage. Tammy imagine sa lune de miel avec Tex.Tammy imagines her honeymoon with Tex. Tammy: Nous prendrons le Concorde à Paris, bien s?r. On restera dans un h?tel trois étoiles et nous mangerons dans des

10、restaurants chics. Nous flanerons au long des Champs-Elysées bras dessus, bras dessous et tu m'offriras du parfum et des fleurs. La nuit nous descendrons la Seine en bateau mouche. Ah, la vie conjugale, un paradis terrestre.Tammy: We will take the Concorde to Paris, of course. We will stay

11、in a three-star hotel and we will eat in chic restaurants. We will stroll along the Champs-Elysées arm in arm and you will give me perfume and flowers. At night we will go down the Seine on a sightseeing boat. Ah, married life, paradise on earth. 练习 Give the futur simple of the verb indicated i

12、n parentheses. 1. Tex: Bette, est-ce que tu _ Tammy? (respecter) 2. Tammy: J' _ un livre. (écrire) 3. Tex et Tammy _ ensemble. (partir) 4. Tammy et Bette _ . (se téléphoner) 5. Tammy _ ses études. (finir)6. Tammy: Je _ les habitudes de Tex. (comprendre) 7. Tammy _ sans cesse.

13、 (chanter) 8. Tammy: Tex, tu _ la table, n'est-ce pas? (mettre) 9. Tammy: Tex et moi, nous _ beaucoup. (voyager) 10. Joe-Bob _ pendant quatre jours. (dormir) 11. Tex: Mes neveux, vous _ la philosophie! (aimer) 12. Joe-Bob _ des cours faciles. (suivre)简单将来时(2)不规则动词The 'simple' future is s

14、o-named because it is a one-word tense. In other而言之words, its formation is simple because there is no auxiliary. The stem of the simple future always ends with the letter r, which is the characteristic sound of the future and conditional tenses. For a list of irregular verbs which form their future

15、in the same way as regular verbs do, see future: regular. 1. irregular future stems（不规则将来时词根）Some irregular verbs also have irregular future stems. Nevertheless, the future endings are the same for all verbs: -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont.The future stem for the verb être is ser- and the future

16、 stem for the verb avoir is aur-. être 'to be' je serai, I will be nous serons, we will be tu seras, you will be vous serez, you will be il, elle / on sera, he, she (it) / one will be ils / elles seront, they will be avoir 'to have' j'aurai, nous aurons, tu auras, vous aurez

17、, il, elle / on aura, ils / elles auront, Here are the most common verbs that have irregular future stems: infinitive stem future translation 不定式词根将来时翻译aller ir- j'irai I will gocourir courr- je courrai I will run devoir devr- je devrai I will be obliged to envoyer enverr- j'enverrai I will

18、send faire fer- je ferai I will do falloir faudr- il faudra it will be necessary mourir mourr- je mourrai I will die obtenir obtiendr- j'obtiendrai I will obtain pleuvoir pleuvr- il pleuvra it will rain pouvoir pourr- je pourrai I will be able recevoir recevr- je recevrai I will receive savoir s

19、aur- je saurai I will know tenir tiendr- je tiendrai I will hold venir viendr- je viendrai I will come voir verr- je verrai I will see vouloir voudr- je voudrai I will want 2. future stems of verbs with spelling changes（将来时词根的拼写变化）Verbs with spelling changes like appeler, employer, and acheter add -

20、r to the present tense je form to create their future stems: present tense stem future translation j'appelle appeller- j'appellerai I will call j'emploie emploier- j'emploierai I will use j'achète achèter- j'achèterai I will buy Other -er verbs verbs with spell

21、ing changes including préférer, manger, and commen?er have regular future stems. 3. uses（用法）The simple future is used to refer to future events, that is, to make predictions. It is more formal than the immediate future, although both tenses may be used in most contexts. For further details

22、, see future: usage. Tammy est en train d'écrire un livre de science-fiction:Tammy is writing a science-fiction book: En l'an 3000, il ne pleuvra plus sur la planète Terre. Tout le monde aura très peur et des centaines de personnes mourront. Le sol deviendra stérile. Cert

23、ains iront vivre sur la Lune. Les autres devront habiter sur Mars. Les villes terrestres seront totalement vides. Personne ne voudra croire qu'autrefois la vie sur la Terre était merveilleuse.In the year 3000, it will not rain any longer on the planet Earth. Everybody will be very afraid an

24、d hundreds of people will die. The soil will become sterile. Some people will go to live on the Moon. Others will have to live on Mars. The cities on the Earth will be totally empty. No one will believe that once upon a time life on earth was wonderful. Alors, Tex, tu aimes mon livre?So, Tex, do you

25、 like my book? Tex: Ah, ma pauvre Tammy, tu n'es pas douée . . . C'est nul!Tex: Ah, my poor Tammy, you are not talented . . . It's hopeless!练习 Give the futur simple of the verb indicated in parentheses.1. Tex: Mes neveux, vous _ en France, n'est-ce pas? (aller)2. Tex: J'_ be

26、aucoup d'amirateurs. (avoir)3. Tammy _ toujours la cuisine. (faire)4. Tammy: Tex et moi, nous _ très contents. (être)5. Tammy: Tex, est-ce que tu _ m'écrire souvent? (pouvoir)6. Tammy _ des cadeaux aux neveux de Tex. (envoyer)7. Tex: Tammy, tu _ trop de vêtements. (achete

27、r)8. Tex et Tammy _ la Tour Eiffel. (voir)9. Tammy et Bette _ des prix culinaires. (recevoir)10. Paw-Paw: Je _ tout seul à Opelousas. (mourir)11. Joe-Bob _ son d?plome. (ne pas obtenir)12. Bette _ tous les secrets de Tex. (savoir)简单将来时的用法French has two future tenses - the futur proche and the f

28、utur simple. The futur proche is formed with the auxiliary aller which is followed by an infinitive (Je vais partir. 'I'm going to leave'). The futur simple doesn't have an auxiliary. Instead, the infinitive form becomes the stem to which future endings are added (Je partirai. 'I

29、 will leave'). For more details on the formation of these two future tenses, including irregular forms, see the related links: future: regular, future: irregular, and futur proche. 1. futur proche vs. futur simple（最近将来时与简单将来时）The two tenses are virtually interachangeable in most contexts, especi

30、ally in spoken French. So what is the difference? In general, the two tenses differ in their level of formality; the future proche is used in more informal contexts and the simple future in more formal contexts.Thus, the futur proche is primarily used in speech and less frequently in writing. Accord

31、ing to traditional grammars, the two tenses also differ in their relative distance to the present moment. The future proche, also called the futur immédiat, typically refers to a time very close to the present moment, i.e, the near or immediate future. The futur simple, on the other hand, is of

32、ten used for events in the more distant future. Because the futur simple is associated with distant future events, it often takes on a detached, objective quality making it the preferred tense for future events that represent general truths. Qui vivra, verra. Whoever will live, will see.L'homme

33、sera toujours l'homme.Man will always be man(Boys will be boys.) The two tenses also indicate a difference in the speaker's perception of the future event. The futur proche indicates that the speaker is relatively certain that the future event will actually happen.In contrast, the future sim

34、ple indicates that the speaker is less certain of the future event coming to pass. Let's imagine a context to make this distinction more clear. Suppose that a very disturbed man has just climbed out onto the ledge of a skyscraper. The man begins to lose his balance. A horrified onlooker sees the

35、 man beginning to teeter and screams: Il va tomber! He's going to fall!Il tombera! He will fall! In this scenario, first sentence, the one in the near future, sounds more plausible in French and in English. Why? Because when someone loses his balance, he will invariably fall. In this case, the t

36、ense indicates both the immediacy of the future event as well as its inevitability in the mind of the speaker. Of course, speakers are usually more certain about the immediate future and less certain about the distant future. Does this mean that certainty and distance to the present always go togeth

37、er? Not exactly. One can be certain about events in the distant future too. For example, look at the following sentences in French and in English and try to imagine the different contexts in which they would be appropriate. Je vais avoir un enfant! I'm gonna have a baby! J'aurai un enfant! I

38、 will have a baby! In the first sentence, the speaker is either pregnant or has just received confirmation from an adoption agency. Whatever the case may be, the speaker knows for certain that she will become a parent and indicates the inevitability of the future event via the futur proche. But note

39、 that even though the speaker is certain about the future event, the event is not likely to happen immediately. In the second sentence, the speaker is stating her desire to either get pregnant or to adopt a child of her own. In this sentence the time frame for the future event is left open-maybe she

40、 will get pregnant tomorrow, maybe she won't. Now consider the following dialogue in which Tex's sister Rita discovers she's going to have a baby. Can you explain the choice of future tense? Rita, qui a déjà plusieurs enfants, passe un test de grossesse pour savoir si elle est

41、enceinte. Elle sort de sa chambre. Rita, who already has several children, takes a pregnancy test to find out if she is pregnant. She comes out of her bedroom.Rita: Oh . . . Bon Dieu. Le test est positif. Je vais encore avoir quatre enfants de plus!Rita: Oh . . . Good Lord. The test is positive. I&#

42、39;m going to have four more babies! Joe-Bob: Quatre?Joe-Bob: Four?Rita: Oui, quatre! Tu sais bien, les tatous accouchent de quatre enfants à la fois!Rita: Yes, four! You know, armadillos give birth to four babies at a time! Rita et Tammy se demandent comment les bébés vont changer la

43、 vie de Rita.Rita and Tammy wonder how the babies are going to change Rita's life.Rita: Encore des enfants! Je ne vais pas tenir le coup! Rita: More children! I'm not going to hold up! Tammy: Oh Rita, tu exagères. Après une douzaine, quatre de plus ne feront aucune différence!

44、Tammy: Oh Rita, you are exaggerating. After a dozen, four more won't make any difference at all! Rita: Aucune différence? HA! Je vais avoir des couches à changer, des repas à préparer. Et je ne vais plus pouvoir dormir la nuit. Rita: No difference at all? HA! I'm going to

45、 have diapers to change, meals to prepare. And I'm not going to be able to sleep at night any more. Tammy: Oui, tu seras un peu fatiguée peut-être, mais la joie te donnera de l'énergie, tu verras.Tammy: Yes, you will be a little tired maybe, but joy will give you energy. You w

46、ill see. Rita: Ma joie?! Je serai heureuse quand mon mari aura une vasectomie.Rita: My joy?! I will be happy when my husband has a vasectomy. 2. differences between French and English（法语与英语的不同）In general, the future tenses in French and in English are used similarly. However, there is one major diff

47、erence in future tense usage between the two languages.French requires the future tense after certain conjunctions where English usage calls for the present tense. （法语在一些英语使用现在时的从句中使用将来时）Joe-Bob: Dès que Tex et Tammy seront en vacances, ils iront à la Nouvelle -Orléans.Joe-Bob: As soo

48、n as Tex and Tammy are on vacation, they will go to New Orleans. Corey: Mais ils nous téléphoneront aussit?t qu'ils arriveront à la Nouvelle -Orléans.Corey: But they will call us as soon as they arrive in New Orleans. Joe-Bob: Lorsque Tex et Tammy rentreront, ils passeront quelques jours à Opelousas.Joe-Bob: When Tex and Tammy come back, they will spend a few