2020年辽宁省丹东市高三(上)期末英语试卷(解析版)

1、辽宁省丹东市2019-2020学年高三（上）期末英语试卷题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共30.0分)AModern people are paying more attention to exercise and many celebrities are leading the trend , while in ancient China there were also many fitness lovers . Lu You : choshoAs a noted productive poet, Lu You from the Song Dynasty wro

2、te more than 20 , 000 poems in hislifetime . According to historical records , he lived to 85 years old, the longest living poet in the Song Dynasty . However, Lu You was weak as a child . During his later years , Lu You started the body building called chosho. Chosho was quite popular in ancient ti

3、mes, which was not roaring or whistling , but an elegant, serious and skillful health method . People opened their body, breathed in deep and then breathed out with a long and loud cry in rhyme .Su Dongpo : long run , five kilometers per dayThe great Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo , or Su Shi preferred

4、 to take long runs , and he thought that only by moving your body regularly could you have a strong body .He would slow down when he breathed hard, and speed up when his breath balanced Su Dongpo would run until he was sweaty, hot, blood circulating and limbs feeling refreshed .Huyan Zan : cold bath

5、There was an annual festival in November during the early Tang Dynasty (618-907) called "Pouring cold" , where a group of strong men, nearly bare, sang and danced in the street while crowds poured cold water on them The festival, a sacrifice to god , was thought to be helpful to body build

6、ing .During the Song Dynasty , Huyan Zan recovered the tradition by removing the singing and dancing parts and keeping the pouring cold water part , as a way to exercise his kids' physical bodies .1. What would Lu You do when doing chosho exercise ? A. Scream after opening his body .B. Make a lo

7、ng and loud roar .C. Whistle for a long time .D. Breathe deep and shout with a rhyme .2. While Su Dongpo was running , he .A. adjusted his running speed according to his breathB. kept running at a high speed all the wayC. would run until his body was tiredD. practiced Qigong during the course of run

8、ning3. Why did Huyan Zan have his kids do a cold bath ? A. To teach them the hardship of life .B. To honor his general-inherited family .C. To make them have a healthy body .D. To expect them to have a long life .【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C【解析】1. D细节理解题.根据第三段"However , Lu You was weak as a child . D

9、uring his later years , Lu You started the body building called chos ho. Chosho was quite popular in ancient times , which was not roaring or whistling , but an elegant, serious and skillful health method . People opened their body, breathed in deep and then breathed out with a long and l oud cry in

10、 rhyme .然而，陆游幼年体弱，晚年时，陆游开始了名为"chosho”的修身运动，chosho在古代相当流行，它不是呼啸，也不是呼啸，而是一种优雅、严肃、娴熟的养生方法，人们打开身体，深呼吸，然 后呼啸而出押韵的.”可知做运动时深呼吸，用押韵喊.故选 D.2. A细节理解题.根据第无端"He would slow down when he breathed hard , and speed up when his breath balanced. Su Dongpo would run u ntil he was sweaty , hot, blood circulat

11、ing and limbs feeling refreshed .他呼吸困难时会减速，呼吸平衡时会 加速，苏东坡会一直跑，直到浑身出汗，浑身发热，血液循环，四肢神清气爽."可知当苏东坡跑的时候，他根据呼吸调整跑步速度.故选 A.3. C细节理解题.根据最后一段"During the Song Dynasty , Huyan Zan recovered the tradition by removing the singing and dancing parts and ke eping the pouring cold water part , as a way to ex

12、ercise his kids' physical bodies . 宋朝时期，胡彦赞通过去掉 歌舞部分，保留泼冷水部分，恢复了传统，以此锻炼孩子的身体.”可知胡彦赞让他的孩子洗冷水澡使他们有一个健康的身体.故选 C.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个名人健身的方法.考查学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的的能力，在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.此类的填空题一定要联系上下文，根据上下文的内容加上自己 的理解，再作出正确的判断BGrowing up in England with a British father and a Chines

13、e mother , I've enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork and chopsticks!Mum has sweet memories of the food from her home town in Sichuan , and often cooks spicy dishes . Thanks to this, Dad has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that Dad

14、dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother . Even today he still does not take to eating things like chicken feet .But I enjoy that sort of food myself . Last week, I went to the butcher's and asked, "Do you have pigs' ears ?" "No , " the butcher said, pu

15、lling at his own ears, "just these ordinary ones, " He must have thought I was joking . Dad can cook a super "full English breakfast" of bacon , eggs, beans, sausages and toast with butter Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! He also does a typical Sunda

16、y roast . We all love roast beef and vegetables.I'll never forget my first visit to China . Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food . But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food , I came across stinky tofu , a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports

17、shoe. I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn't so bad It reminded me of blue cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate . Maybe I'll fall in love with stinky tofu , someday.People say that one man's meat is another man's

18、poison, but I feel at home with food from both my cultures .4. What can we learn from this passage ? A. I have enjoyed the food from two cultures since a little child B. Because of my Mum ， Dad loves all kinds of Chinese food C. We all like roast beef and vegetables except Mum D. I have fallen in lo

19、ve with the stinky tofu now 5. What kind of person did the butcher probably think the author was ？A. GenerousB. MeanC. HumorousD. Serious6. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean ？A. ResistB. Like C. Allow D. Mind 7. What's the passage mainly about？A. Comparing two different

20、cultures B. Trying some different foods C. Different eating habits in China and Britain D. The eating experiences of a mixed-race family 【答案】【小题 1】 A【小题 2】 C【小题3】 B【小题4】 D【解析】ACBD1. A 细节理解题根据第一段I've enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife andfork and chopsticks 可知，

21、我从小就喜欢两个国家的美食；故选A2. C. 推理判断题. 根据第三段pulling at his own ears , "just these ordinary ones. " He must have thought Iws jokn 可知，他拽了拽自己的耳朵，说是就这些肉食，他一定是以为我是在开玩笑，由此可推知，屠户或许以为我是幽默的；故选C3. B.词义猜测题.根据第二段Thanks to this, Dad has come to love hot pot!可知，爸爸妈妈结婚后爸爸也是逐渐喜欢上了辣的食物，But there are still some dish

22、es that Dad dare not try even after many years ofmarriage to my mother 但是有一些食物是爸爸从来不敢尝试的；结合后面的Even today he still 可推知， take to意为 like ，即他依然不敢吃鸡腿；故选B4. D.主旨大意题.本文属于日常生活类的短文阅读.主要介绍了我作为一个中英混血儿，经历着两种不同的文化，在饮食上也是妙趣横生由此可知The eating experiences of a mixed-race family （混血家庭中的饮食经历）作为文章的标题最贴切；故选D本文属于日常生活类的短文阅

23、读主要介绍了我作为一个中英混血儿，经历着两种不同的文化，在饮食上也是妙趣横生做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据CThe development of a V-shaped fuel-efficient airplane design known as the Flying-V will be funded by Dutch national carrier KLM Royal Dutch Airlines To

24、improve the sustainability （持续性）of air travel ， the Flying-V was developed by researchers at DelftUniversity of Technology in the Netherlands ， also known as TU Delft Its futuristic design puts the passenger cabin into the wings It's said the plane will use 20% less fuel than the Airbus A350-9-w

25、hile carrying a similar number of passengers "In recent years， KLM has developed as a pioneer in sustainability within its airline industry ， " said Pieter Elbers， CEO and president of KLM "We are proud of our progressive relationship with TU Delft" "Air travel is contributi

26、ng about 2.5% of global CO ? emissions （排放物），and the industry is still growing ， sowe really need to look at more sustainable airplanes ， " said TU Delft project leader Roelof Vos "We cannot electrify planes ， as electrified airplanes become way too heavy and you can't fly people acros

27、s the Atlantic on electric airplanes- not now ， not in 30 years， " Vos said "So we have to come up with new technologies that reduce fuel burning in a different way ""We've been flying traditional airplanes for decades now ， but it seems like they are reaching the limit in te

28、rms of energy efficiency ， " he said "The new design actively contributes to the lift of the airplane ， and creates less air drag "The plane's increased fuel efficiency is largely a result of its design ， Vos explained The researchers hope to fly a model this September， Vos said，

29、while the new cabin design will be open to the public at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in October The completed plane is expected to enter service between 2040 and 20508. What can we infer from the text ？A. Flying-V was developed by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines B. Researchers at TU Delft have raised enough

30、 money C. 20% of the passengers will sit in Flying-V's wings D. KLM plays an important role in sustainability 9. Why sustainable planes are needed？A. To save electricity B. To reduce global CO ? emissionsC. To make air travel more affordable D. To develop air industry 10. How does the Flying-V s

31、ave energy ？A. It's the V-shaped design that makes a big difference B. The idea of electrified airplanes is applied to its development C. It depends on a kind of more efficient fuel D. Its futuristic design leads to a limited number of passengers 11. What's the purpose of the text？A. To inst

32、ruct us the importance of environment protection B. To inspire us to explore the unknown area of technology C. To inform us of the fuel-efficient Flying-V D. To appeal to us to raise fund for technology 【答案】【小题 1】 D【小题 2】 B【小题 3】 A【小题4】 C【解析】 1 D 细节理解题根据第四段In recent years， KLM has developed as a pio

33、neer in sustainability withinits airline industry ，近年来，荷航已发展成为航空业可持续发展的先驱可知，荷航在可持续发展方面发挥着重要作用故选D 2 B 细节理解题根据第五段Air travel is contributing about 2.5% of global CO ? emissions （排放物）， andthe industry is still growing , so we really need to look at more sustainable airplanes航空旅行占全球二氧化碳排 放量的 2.5%，而且该行业仍在

34、增长，因此我们确实需要研究更具可持续性的飞机可知，需要可持续的飞机是为了减少全球CO2 排放量故选B3 A 细节理解题根据倒数第二段The plane's increased fuel efficiency is largely a result of its design ， Vosexplained .沃斯解释说，飞机提高燃油效率的主要原因是其设计.可知， Flying-V节省能源是通过 V型设 计故选A4 C.主旨大意题.阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了由荷兰国家航空公司荷航荷航荷兰皇家航空资助的V 型省油飞机的设计被称为" Flying-V" 故选

35、C本文主要讲述了由荷兰国家航空公司荷航荷航荷兰皇家航空资助的V 型省油飞机的设计被称为"Flying-V" 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做 出正确的选择在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的 推理判断DScientists think they have the answer to a puzzle that confused even Charles Darwin ： How flowers evolved and spread to become the most im

36、portant plants on earth Flowering plants ， or angiosperms （被子植物），make up about 90% of all living plant species， but how theydid this has been a mysteryNew research suggests it is due to genome （基因组）sizeHundreds of millions of years ago , the earth was dominated by ferns （蕨类） and conifers （针叶树）-they

37、werethe main plants on the earthThen， about 150 million years ago ， the first flowering plants appeared onearthThey quickly spread to all parts of the world Why angiosperms were successful and diverse on earth has been debated for centuries Charles Darwin himself called it a "mystery" ， fe

38、aring this apparent sudden change might challenge his theory of evolution Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California US and other researchers analyzed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens ， Kew， on the genome size of hundreds of plants， including flowering plants ， gymnosperms

39、（ a group of plants including conifers ） and ferns They then compared genome size with anatomical （结构上的）features This provides "strong evidence" that the success and rapid spread of flowering plantsaround the world is due to "genome downsizing" By reducing the size of the genome

40、， which is contained within the nucleus （核）of the cell ，plants can buildsmaller cells The researchers say genome-downsizing happened only in the angiosperms，and this was "anecessary condition for rapid growth rates among land plants" 12. What do we know about angiosperms ？A. They are super

41、ior in number among all living plant species B. They controlled the earth for hundreds of millions of years C. They challenge Charles Darwin's theory D. They are extinct plants in the world 13. It can be implied that A. Simonin works in the Royal Botanic Gardens KewB. Simonin is probably an Amer

42、ican biologistC. Darwin was confident of his theory of evolutionD. Darwin succeeded in figuring out the flower evolution14. What contributed to the success and diversity of angiosperms ？A. The weaker ferns and conifer B. The larger nucleusC. The stronger cell D. The smaller genome15. What can be a s

43、uitable title of this passage？A. Why were gymnosperms successful on earth ？B. What puzzle confused even Charles Darwin ？C. Why angiosperms dominated the earth ？D. When angiosperms outnumbered conifers and Ferns？【答案】【小题1】 A【小题2】 B【小题 3】 D【小题4】 C【解析】1. A .细节理解题.根据第二段的 Flowering plants, or angiosperms

44、(被子植物)，make up about 90% of all living plant species开花植物，或被子植物，约占所有现存植物种类的90%,可知，在所有现存的植物物种中，被子植物的数量都很高.故选 A.2. B.推理判断题.根据第五段的Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California , US andother researchers wondered if the size of the plant's genetic material-or genome-might be importan

45、t , 来自美国力口 州旧金山州立大学的凯文？西蒙宁和其他研究人员想知道这种植物的遗传物质或基因组的大小是否重要.可知，凯文？西蒙宁可能是美国的生物学家.故选 B.3. D .细节理解题. 根据第六段的 This provides "strong evidence" , that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around he world is due to "genome downsizing ."这提供了 "有力的证据",证明开花植物在世界各地的 成功和迅速传播

46、是由于"基因组缩小"可知，更小的基因组导致开花植物的成功和多样化.故选 D.4. C. 主旨大意题. 根据全文和第段的How flowers evolved and spread to become the most important plantson Earth.花是如何进化和传播成为地球上最重要的植物的.可知文章主要介绍开花植物是怎么占领地球 的.故选C.文章介绍现在开花植物在地球上占有绝对优势，那么它们是怎么做到的，研究人们给出了答案：是因为更 小的基因组导致的.本文是科教类阅读，主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题.在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文 章里找出相

47、应的段落、句子或短语.认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主 观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.二、阅读七选五(本大题共 5小题，共10.0分)During the long holiday , did you feel bored and decided to check social media, only to find that your best friend was at the beach, that your classmate was going hiking , and that your cousin or niece wa

48、s enjoying a feast? Have you got the feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are ?Oh, you might feel that you are missing out. (1) FOMO is the anxiety caused by a nagging (难以摆月的) feeling that you are not taking part in the exciting and worthwhile things going on a

49、round you .As is known , comparison is the thief of joy . FOMO makes us check social media more frequently , leading to an addiction and a negative cycle that is hard to break, (2) These include the feelings of depression, loneliness and boredom.(3) You can avoid FOMO by focusing on being mindful ,

50、changing your habits, and working to be more grateful for your own life .Social media is often what contributes to FOMO more than anything else . If you are feeling very upset when seeing all of the fun that others are having, take a break from your accounts. In this case, you'd better stop look

51、ing to social media for happiness. (4)Besides, one of the best ways to overcome FOMO is to begin to truly appreciate what you value in your life . Make a list of all the things that are important to you , including subjects , people, dreams, possessions or experiences. (5)_You will find the true val

52、ue of your life .Do remember that if you miss an opportunity , other opportunities will come .A. Have you ever experienced FOMQB. What can you do to overcome FOMQC. Spend some time reflecting on these thing sD. You can permanently do so if you feel it helpsE. The feeling is called the fear of missin

53、g out or FOMO for shortF. Researchers have found that FOMO can cause serious negative resultsG. If it controls you , the only thing you really miss out on is your own life.16.A. AG. GB. BC. CD. DE. EF17.A. AG. GB. BC. CD. DE. EF18.A. AG. GB. BC. CD. DE. EF19.A. AG. GB. BC. CD. DE. EF20.A. AG. GB. BC

54、. CD. DE. EFFFFFF【解析】EFBDC1. E.文章衔接题.根据后文 FOMO is the anxiety caused by a nagging （难以摆脱的） feeling that you are not taking part in the exciting and worthwhile things going on around you , 可知 FOMO 是由一种唠叨的感觉所引起的焦虑，你不参与你周围的令人兴奋和有价值的事情.E项：The feeling is called the fear of missing out or FOMO for short ,这

55、种感觉被称为错过的恐惧或简称为FOMO .符合文意，故选 E.2. F. 联系下文题. 根据后文 These include the feelings of depression , loneliness and boredom . 可知这些包 括抑郁、孤独和无聊的感觉.F项：Researchers have found that FOMO can cause serious negative results,研究人员发现，"社交恐惧症"会导致严重的负面结果.符合文意，故选 F.3. B.理解判断题.根据后文You can avoid FOMO by focusing on

56、 being mindful , changing your habits , and working to be more grateful fo r your own life .可知你可以通过专注于正念、改变你的习惯、 努力对自己的生活更加感恩来避免 "社交恐惧症".B项：What can you do to overcome FOMO ?你能做些什么来克服 "害怕错过"?符合文意，故选 B.4. D .语境辨析题.根据前文 In this case, you'd better stop looking to social media fo

57、r happiness ,可知在这 种情况下，你最好停止在社交媒体上寻找快乐.D项：You can permanently do so if you feel it helps .如果你觉得有帮助，你可以一直这样做.符合文意，故选 D.5. C.逻辑推理题.根据前文Make a list of all the things that are important to you , including subjects , people, dreams, possessions or ex periences,可知列出所有对你重要的事情，包括主题、人物、梦想、财产或经历.C项：Spend some

58、 time reflecting on these things ,花点时间思考这些事情.符合文意，故选 C.本文是一篇选句填空，文章介绍了长假期间，你有没有觉得无聊，决定去看社交媒体，结果发现你最好的朋友在海边，你的同学要去远足，你的表妹或侄女正在享受盛宴，你有没有感觉到别人比你更体验事物，更享受生活.你或许产生了一种错过的感觉.这种感觉被称为错过的恐惧或简称为FOMO .做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔 细分析，结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答 案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据.三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)The train wasn't overcrowded when I was on it . Though the four-hour journey was(21) , the experience would be remembered(22)in my memory .【小题1】【小题2】F【小题3】B