2020-2021年被动语态分类详解

1、2020-2021 年被动语态分类详解一、单项选择被动语态at present for a better1Many subway stations, including the one near our school, transport in the city.Aare constructing Bare being constructed Cis constructing Dis being constructed 【答案】 B解析】详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：许多地铁站，包括我们学校附近的地铁站，目前正在建设中， 以便有更便利的交通。此处表示动作正在进行，句中主语 Many subw

2、ay stations 和动词B.construct 是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动，与主语一致，故选 【点睛】现在进行时的被动结构：be + bei ng+过去分词A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad. 一批东风卡车正被运往国外。1) “ be being done中的动词be应随主语作相应的变化。be doing 变为 be2) 将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是：把being done.例 1. The stude nts are clea ning the classroom now.The

3、 classroom is being clea ned now.现在学生们正在打扫教室。 (are cleaning 变为 is being cleaned)例 2. The boy is counting some sheep.Some sheep are being edunt那男孩正在数羊。 (is counting 变为 are being counted) 2The manager has come back from his business trip. He is asking you for the report. Oh，my god ! I haven't fini

4、shed it yet. But he back at the company tomorrow.Awas expectedBwill expectCexpected【答案】 A【解析】试题分析：考查时态和语态。句意：Dwill be expected经理出差回来了。他正在问你要报告。哦，A。天哪，我还没完成呢。但是本来预计他明天回公司。根据语境，是过去预料他明天会回 来，而且经理是被预计，故用一般过去时的被动。故选 【名师点睛】时态的考查要根据本句的句意，这句话一定要根据上下文判断动作发生的时 间，要细心体会语境。还要注意时态语态。考点：考查时态和语态3Will Uncle Peterson

5、 come to my birthday party tomorrow?Pity he to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.Awas sent Bhas been sentChad been sent D would be sent【答案】 B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：Peterson 叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？可惜他已经被派到 Zimbabwe 去做志愿教师了。由语境可知， Uncle Peterson 被派到Zimbabwe 这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时 态。且主语 he 和 send 之间是被动关系，故该

6、句要用被动语态。综上， B 选项正确。4 Her own storyand this book is expected to come out next week.A had been written B has been writtenChad written D has written 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：她自己的故事已经被写出来了，这部书有望下周出版。由句意可知，应该用现在完 成时的被动语态。故选B。5The new library ; it will be open next year.Ahad been built B was builtCwas being built Di

7、s being built【答案】 D【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知， 图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在 进行时的被动语态。故选D。6 Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because shethat the clothvery well.Ahas been told; washesB had been told; washedC was told; was washed 【答案】 BD had been told; was washed

8、【解析】 考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去， 故用过去完成时。像 feel, smell, look, wash 等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语 态，结合前面时态可知，应选washed。句意：随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告诉她那种布很好洗。故选B。7It 's so humid these days! Don' t worry! The rain _ A will expect B expectsto stop from tomorrow.C will be expected D is expected【答案】D【

9、解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意：一一这些日子天气潮湿。 一一不要担心！这场雨预计明天就会停止。根据语境，“ expect表示现在发生的事情，用一般现在时，停止”的动作发生在明天，且主语 The rain与expect之间是被动关系。故选D。8. If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river o seriously now.A. is not pollutedB. would not be pollutedD. would not have been pollutedC. had not been polluted

10、【答案】B【解析】选B句意：如果我们早采取有力措施，现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在 事实相反的虚拟语气，用would加动词原形。9. The plan for Xiongan New Areaofficially on April 1,2017.A. announced B. was announced C. announces D. is announced【答案】B【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。计划是被官方宣布，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选Bobadly woun ded and that h

11、eat once.should be; be op erated on10. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he A.B.C.D.were; must be op erated on be; was op erated on was; be op erated on【答案】D【解析】 试题分析：考查insist的用法。句意：医院里所有的医生都认为他受伤很严重，要求他立即动手术。insist作坚决要求做某事”讲时，要用虚拟语气；当坚持说，坚持陈述某事实”解时，用陈述语气。考点：考查insist的用法,for the11. 103. W

12、hen you visit our town next August, a modern sports center Nati onal Games are to be held the n.A. will be con struct ing B . will have bee n con structedC. has bee n con struct ing D . is being con structed【答案】Bn ext【解析】考查将来完成时态的被动语态。句意：明年八月当你访问我们城镇的时候，一个现代化的体育中心将已经被建成，因为那时全国运动会将被举行。根据时间状语August，排除

13、C, D两项，再根据 a modern sports center和construct是被动关系，排除 A 项，用将来完成时态的被动语态。故选B项。12. Chinese kites in ancient timesin the sha pe of birds.A. design B. had designedC. were designed D. have been designed【答案】C【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在古代中国的风筝被设计成鸟的形状。根据in ancienttimes可知，句子用一般过去时态，根据动词与主语是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语 态，故选Co13. Oral

14、 English examsin China twice a year to give more cha nces to the stude nts.A. has held B. will be heldC. will hold D . has been held【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：英语口语考试将在中国每年举行两次，为的是给学生更多的机会。句中主语 Oral English exams和动词hold是被动关系，表示动作将要进行不是完 成，排除D,故选Bo14. The two nurses100 , 000 yuan by the police but donated it

15、 to victims of theexpl osi on.A. rewardedB. would be rewardedC. have been rewarded【答案】DD. had been rewarded【解析】试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100, 000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.，可知 她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受 害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而两位护士被警方奖赏100, 000元”是发生在过去的过Do去，故用过去完成时，且两位护士 ”和奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，

16、选考点：考查时态和语态15. Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by_ light ning.A. was just struck B. were just struckC. would just be struck D . had just been struck【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台，接受了这个奖项，他看Do起来就像是被闪电击中了一样。此处as if （好像）引导方式状语从句，用虚拟语气，与

17、过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态，且主语he和strike之间是被动关系，故答案为16. If the new safety systemto use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be put D. would be put【答案】A【解析】【分析】详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生 了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done 形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故 A 项是正确的。【点睛】英语中

18、的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。陈 述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）虚拟语气：不 可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句If you work hardyou ' II surely pass the e）虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很 小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（ be 一律用 were） wouId/couId/might/sho

19、uId+ 动词原形 2.与过去事实相反 had donewould/could/might/should+have done3. 与将来事实可能相反a.动词过去式（be 一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用 would）c.were to+动词原形would/could/might/should+ 动词原形与现在事实相反 if 从句：动词过去式（ be-were ）主 句： would/could/might/should+ 动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldn t do that.I

20、f it weren t raining, we v与u过去事实相反 t afa从句：had done 主句： would/could/might/should+have doneIf the teacher hadn ' t helped us, we couldn ' t have't been ill, he mighsucceeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadn have come.3.与将来事实可能相反if从句：a.动词过去式（be 一律用were） b.s

21、hould+动词原形（不能用 would）c.were to+动词原形主句：would/could/might/should+ 动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.lf it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him. 错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，有

22、时条件从句动作发 生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往 要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctor' s advice then, you would be all right now.If youhad watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.（ 有时时间会省略）含蓄条 件句

23、有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。They would not be ableto live without him.（如果没有） He would have failed but for his teacher' s（要ely advice.不是） =if it had not bee n forIf only you had worked with greater care!（ 要是就好了） Youwould have done the same thing in her position.With a little more care you could h

24、ave avoid the traffic accident. 虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方 式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I wouldhave taken part in the singing competition.（实虚） =I was ill that day. If I hadn t been illthat day, I would have take n part in the singing comp etiti on.He would have bough

25、t the piano, but he did n t have eno ugh money虚实）=He would have bought the piano if he had hadenough money, but in fact he didn' t have enoi省I略mon倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were,那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, hewould have gone to

26、 the concert with you.=Had he fini shed the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. If I were you, I wouldn t do that.=were I you, I wouldnshould meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.'t do that.lf I17. I saw Jack in the lift this m

27、orning. Hearound here for a long time.A. won't be see n B. was n't see nC. has n't bee n see n D. had n't bee n see n【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近露面了。根据this morning可知这是过去的事情；再根据 for a long time可知此空是更靠前 的动作，且句子主语 He和see之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去完成时态，故选Do18. Can we p lay ba

28、sketball in the school gym? No, itduri ng the summer holidays.A. is rep aired B. is being rep airedC. was rep aired D. has bee n rep aired【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。句意：-我们可以在学校操场上打篮球吗？-不行，暑假期间操场正在被修葺。根据句意可知，这里是表示正在进行，所以要用现在进行时。主语it和动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选Bo19. Please don t stupdn class until youA. were told

29、toB. are toldC. are told to【答案】CD. were told【解析】【详解】考查省略句。句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文 中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to o分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。【点睛】to代替不定式在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号 to。 to 代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid,Prefer, care, ob

30、lige, forget, wish, try , tell 等动词连用。注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或 have been，一般要保留 be, have或 have been。本句还原为：PI ease don t sta nd up in class un til you are told to sta nd up 省略句为：PI easedon ' t stand up in class until you are told to。故 C 选项正确。20. in a red dress, she was easy toin the big crowd at the a

31、ir port.B. Dressed; pick outA. Being dressed; pick outC. Dressed; be picked out【答案】B【解析】D. Having dressed; pick out【详解】考查过去分词和动词短语。句意：因为她穿着红色的裙子，所以在机场的人群中很容易被认出来。be dressed in穿着，作状语表状态，故用dressed。sb be easy to do sth主动形式表达被动意思，所以用pick out。故B选项正确。【点睛】主动形式表被动意义的不定式1.主语+ be +adj. +to do。能用于此句型的形容词有：diff

32、icult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome（ 使人疲劳的）,interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc. 注意：当上述形容词在句中作宾语补 足语，后接不定式时，不定式也用主动形式表达被动含义。2. 主语 +be +adj. + eno ugh +to do。3. 主语 +be +too +adj. +to do。4. 不定式短语作后置定语时，如果主语是不定式动词短语的逻辑主语。则采用不定式的主 动形式表被动概念。I have a meet ing to

33、atte nd today.5. There be句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动。6. 在 疑问代词+不定式”结构中。7.let, to blame, to seek等用不定主动形式表示被动含义。pick8. with+O.+to do结构中，不定式作宾补时，常用主动表被动，且表将要发生的动作。分析句子可知，sb be easy to do sth主动形式表达被动含义，符合第一点用法。所以用 out。故B选项正确21. An exhibiti on with 885 cultural relics to be dis playedat the Meridia n Gate Gallery

34、.A. was held B. would hold C . has hold D. will be held答案】 D解析】分析】 考查时态语态。【详解】 句意：午门画廊将展出 885 件文物。上文中的 to be displayed 表将来，故本句为一般将来 时。且主语 An exhibition 与谓语动词 hold 构成被动关系，故用 will be held 。故选 D。22 A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worthA to be visitedB being visitedC visitingD to visit答案

35、】 C解析】详解】主动形式表达被动意义。句意：这个地区的许多小城镇绝对值得一游。be worth doingsth 值“得做某事 ”，主动形式表达被动意义。故选 C 项。23 It was announced that only when the fire was under control homes.to return to theirABthe residents would be permitted had the residents been permittedCwould the residents be permitted the residents had been permi

36、ttedD 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：通报说，只有火势得到控制了居民们才被允许回家。这里 It 是形式主语，真正的主 语是that引导的从句；that引导的主语从句中，"only+状语从句"位于句首，状语从句对应的主句要用倒装语序，且此处表示过去将来，故选C。24 In the 1980s in this village, there were only muddy roads to the outside, and concrete ones yet.A haven ' t builtBhaven ' t been built C hadn '

37、t built【答案】 DD hadn ' t been built解析】详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：在 20 世纪 80 年代，这个村庄只有泥泞的道路通往外面，混 凝土的道路还没有建成。根据语境可知， “混凝土的道路还没有建 ”表示的动作发生在 “therewere only muddy roads 这一”过去的动作之前，属于 “过去的过去 ”，应使用过去完成时； build 与 concrete ones 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态。故选D。25. - Why are you buying a new refrigerator? The old oneso many tim

38、es that itA. has repaired B. is repaired's not worth it any more.C has been repaired D has been repairing 【答案】 C 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：你为什么要买一台新冰箱？旧的冰箱已经被修过很多次了，它都不值得再修了。表示现在之前的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成 时，主语 “冰箱 ”和“修理 ”是被动关系，故选 C。26 As is expected, it will be not long before our domestically built aircraft Carriers operat