限定词的搭配关系及相互位置

1、第十四章限定词一、限定词概述定词是与名词密切相关的词类，包括冠词（a（ n） ， the ） 、形容词性指示代词（this ，that ， these ， those ） 、 形容词性物主代词（ my， your， our， etc ） 、 形容词性不定代词（ both ，every ， much， some， etc ） 、数词（one， two， etc ； first ， second， etc ； one-third ，three-fifths ， etc ）和特指形容词（next ， only ， etc ） 。限定词用于名词的前面，限定名词所指的范围，表示该名词是特指还是泛指，是定

2、量还是不定量。限定词的使用并非随意，受着名词种类及形式的制约，与名词有着特定的搭配关系，在多个限定词连用时相互之间还有着相对固定的位置二、限定词与名词的搭配关系限定词一般不用于专有名词，用于普通名词时要根据名词的数和类别来决定。普通名词可分为如下三类：单数可数名词，如：a desk, a pencil 等。复数可数名词，如：desks, pencils等。不可数名词，如：coffee, fire 等。各限定词与三类名词搭配关系可分为以下几种情况：A. 能与三类名词搭配的限定词定冠词 the, 如： the book, the books, the bread 等。物主代词、名词所有格，如：my

3、 / John's bookmy / John's booksmy / John's breadall / some / any / no ，如：all / some / any / no bookall / some / any / no booksall / some / any / no breadother / such ，如：other / such studentother / such studentswh -words （eg. what, which, whose 等） 。I'm sorry you had such terrible weat

4、her.Which John do you mean, John the baker or John the post manNote:such 经常与不定冠词连用构成such + a（n） + adj + 名词结构。如：I've never lived in such a large house as this before. They haven't had such a good time for ages.B. 只能与单数可数名词搭配的限定词如： a （n）, each, every, either, one等。I told every student to come.

5、She knows every pupil of the class.You may use either hoe.C. 只能与复数可数名词搭配的限定词如：both, (a) few, several, these / those, a (great) number of, two / three, many 等。We're asking a few friends round to dinner.A great number of animals are killed every year.Note:many后面可以跟a (n)放在单数可数名词前，尽管还表示“许多”的意思，但动词用单

6、 数。Many a man is going to welcome the foreign guests.Many a friend has been invited to this party.D.只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词如：(a) little, a bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, much等。In fact I know a bit of Spanish.A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.E.能与单数可数名词和复数可数名词搭配的限定词如：the firs

7、t / second, the next, the other等。What's the next thing to doJohn wanted to know what the other doctors suggest.F.能与复数可数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词如：a lot of, plenty of, lots of, enough, more, most等。There is enough food for everybody.There aren't enough tools to go around.G.能与单数可数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词如：(the) lea

8、st, this, that等。He hadn't the least thought of his own interests.She fainted at the least sight of blood.三、限定词与限定词的搭配关系在名词词组中，当两个以上的限定词同时出现时，限定词之间就存在前后顺序问题，根据限定词不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为中位限定词、前位限定词和后位限定词。前位限定词(Predeterminers) : all, both, half, double, twice; one third, two thirds 等。中位限定词(Central determine

9、rs )包括：冠词；指示词(this / that / these / those); 形容词性物主代词，名词所有格 (my, John's);量词(some, any, no, every, each, either,neither, enough, much 等)； wh-words (what, which, whose 等)。后位限定词( Postdeterminers )： 基数词；序数词 ；last, next, other, another 等；such; many, little, few, several, more, less等。The teacher asked

10、his students to write their answers onevery othe r line.老师要求学生隔一行写出答案。Both my brothers have graduated from universities.我两个兄弟都大学毕业了。The old men had a very good time duringall these last few days.这些老人在最后一段日子里过得很愉快。在限定词的搭配中，一般的顺序都是前位-中位-后位，中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的，即：两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词不能同时修饰中心词- 名词，而后位限定词则可以

11、并列修饰中心词。Mr Harrison showed us a few more samples.Tom broke his leg on New Year's day. It took him the next few weeks to get over it.汤姆新年那天摔断了腿，几个星期后才恢复。The girl's parents invited several hundred guests to her birthday party.女孩的父母邀请了几百名客人参加她的生日晚会。Note:限定词使用规则：限定词的分类比较复杂、难记。一般情况下，可以运用以下几条简单、实用

12、的规则。A. 把 all 和 both 放在其他限定词之前。如：The little boy ate all the food.All such problems should be considered.Both my hands were seriously hurt.B. 把 many / much, more / most, few / little放在其他限定词之后。如：His many successes made him famous.John's few friends speak highly of him.With the surrender of the enem

13、y troops, no more fighting was expected there.C. 感叹句中，把what 和 such 放在 a(n) 之前。如：What a lovely girl!I've never seen such a crowd!四、几组限定词的用法比较(一) some, any, no 的用法some, any, no 同是能与单数可数名词、复数可数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。和any表示“一些，若干几分”等含义，一般情况下， some用于肯定句，any用于疑问、否 定、条件句中。Have you got any aspirinsMr White has

14、some flowers in his garden.We haven't invited any students to the party.If you want any glasses, I'll send you some.还可以用于实际上含否定意思的肯定句中。例如，含有never, without, hardly 等词的肯定句。The young accountant seldom makes any error in his books.I can answer your questions without any hesitations.The noise of

15、the party prevented me from getting any sleep. 可以与 others 连用。Some people like the sea, others prefer the mountains.Some students answered Yes and others answered No.4.如果说话人预期肯定回答时，some也可用于疑问句。Don't you give him some tickets"I've just been shopping." "Oh, did you buy some rice

16、”some还可用在表示劝请、请求、命令的疑问句中。Won't you have some more beerCould you buy me some clips用于肯定句中，表示“任何，无论哪一个”。Any child would know that.的含义相当于not any (a)。No cigarette is completely harmless.There were no letters for you this morning.no 和 any 相似，它不能与另一个限定词连用。与the, my, this, that 等相遇时用noneof 代替。None of my

17、friends live near my house.I like none of that music.no 可以和一个带-ing 的动词连用，表示不允许干某事，这时不能用not any 代替。No Smoking! 不准吸烟！No Parking! 禁止停放车辆！No Waiting! 禁止(车辆等)在此等候！7. 有时 no 的意义不止是not (a) 或 not any ，而是 not at all (完全不是，决不是)。He is no fool.(= He is not a fool. )It is no easy task.(= It is not an easy task. )

18、(二) all, both, every, each, either, neither的用法, both 同属前位限定词，但all 可以与三类名词搭配，both 只能与复数可数名词搭配，从意义上讲both 指两者，all 指三者或三者以上。如：How much time will you take for all this workAll children can be naughty sometimes.I got both these vases in Spain.Both cats are asleep.all 和 both 用于否定时表示部分否定。例如：I cannot promote

19、 both of you.我不能使你们两个都提升。All flowers in his garden are not red.他花园里的花并非都是红色的。Both (of them) are not my brothers.他们两个之中，只有一个是我的兄弟。另外，表示部分否定的词还有every (everyone) 。例如：Every man can not be a poet.并非人人都可以成为诗人。要表达全部否定要用none / no (nobody) , neither, either等。例如：I cannot promote either of you.你们两个我都不能提拔。No fl

20、ower in his garden is red.他花园的花都不是红的。和 every 从意义上十分相近，都用来泛指人或物，然而两者各自与名词搭配的类别不同，every 只能与单数可数名词连用。如：All Mondays are horrible.（= Every Monday is horrible. ）all 后可以跟the 或 this, my 等限定词，而every 却不行。例如：All the boys of this class are able to run faster than their teacher.试比较：She was here all day. 她在这里呆了一整

21、天。She was here every day. 她天天都在这里。和 each 同属中位限定词，都可与单数名词连用，且意义相近，表示每个，然而 every和 each 并不完全一样，every 强调整体概括，each 则表示个别概念。例如：Each day is better than the one before.一天比一天好。Every player was in good form.每个运动员都处于最佳状态。如果不特别强调某一意义时，every 和 each 可以互换。例如：We want every child to succeed.我们希望每个孩子都成功。Each child wi

22、ll find his own personal road to success.每个孩子将会找到他个人的成功之路。each 可以指两个或两个以上的人或东西，every 却不能指两个，只能指三个以上的数量。 例如：Each * has its own physical and psychological characteristics.男女各有其身体上和心理上的特点。（不能说every *.）另外，如有其他限定词同时修饰中心词，each 可作代词取each of 的形式，而every则只能作限定词。例如：Each of my parents gave me presents for Christmas.过圣诞节时我父母每人都给我送了礼物。和 neither 同属中位限定词，与名词连用