托福tpo11听力真题文本

1、托福TPO11听力真题文本3小马过河为大家准备了“托福TPO11听力真题文本3”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。TPO11 Lecture 2ArchitectureNarratorListen to part of a lecture in an Architecture Class.ProfessorToday, we are taking a little detour from the grand styles of public architecture weve been studying to look at res

2、idential architectures in the United States.Since this is something we can all identify with, I think it will help us see the relationship between the function of a structure and its style or form. This has been an ongoing theme in our discussion, and we will be getting back to it just a moment. But

3、 before we get started, I want you to take a moment to think: does anyone know what the single most popular style for a house in the UnitedStates is today? Bob?Student 1“I bet it is the ranch-style house.”Professor“Well, in this area, probably. But arent we typical? Yes, Sue.”Student 2“How about the

4、 kind of house my grandparents live in? They call it a CapeCod.ProfessorThats the one. Here is a drawing of what we consider of a classic Cape Cod house. These days, you see this style all over the United States. But it first showed up in U.S. northeast, in the New England region, around the late 16

5、00s. For those of you who dont know the northeast costal region, Cape Codis a peninsula, a narrow strip of land that jets out into theAtlantic, and so manyhouses in this particular style were built on Cape Cod, that the name of theplace became the name of the style. Now why did the Cape Cod style ho

6、usebecome so popular in the northeast? Well, one reason is that its a greatexample of form following function. Weve talked about this design principle alot about form following function.And what did we say its meant? Someonegive me an application of this principle. What did this concept that form sh

7、ouldfollow function? How would it be applied to housing design?Student 2Well, if it means the design of the building, it should be based on the needs ofpeople who use it. Then, well, the architect has to be very practical to thinkabout the people who actually be living in the house or working in the

8、 officebuilding, whatever, so for the architect, its all about users not about showingoff how creative you can be.ProfessorGood, of course, for a Cape Cod house, it might be even more accurate to saythat form also follows climate. Who knows what the climate like on Cape Cod?Student 1Cold in the wint

9、erStudent 2And whenever I visit my grandparents, its really wet. Its usually either rainingor snowing or foggy and windy, too. I guess because its so exposed to theocean?ProfessorThats right. So take another look at this drawing, and you can image how thisdesign might be particularly helpful in that

10、 kind of climate. Notice how thehouse is fairly low to the ground. This relatively low compact structure helpsthe house withstand the strong winds blowing off the ocean.And look at theslope of the roof, the steep angle helps keep off all that rain and snow thataccumulates in the winter.Another thing

11、, Cape Cod houses usually face southto take advantage of the suns warm through the windows. Thats helpful inwinter. Now what can you tell me about the chimney, about its location.Student 2Well, its in the middle. Because, does that have something to do with heatingthe houses? I mean since the heat n

12、ever has to travel very far.Student 1That means you can heat the house more efficiently, right?ProfessorExactly, now see how the house has very little exterior decoration, thats alsotypical of early Cape Cod houses. The wind was one reason, nothing stickingout might blow away in the harsh weather, b

13、ut there was probably anotherreason, not related to the climate, more reflection of a rural New Englandsociety back then, you see Cape Cod houses were not built in the big cities,where all the rich people lived back then. These were the modest dwellings thepeople who built them simply couldnt afford

14、 lots of expensive decorateddetails. But that was more than just matter of money. In these rural areas,people depended on each other for survival. Neighbors had to help andsupported each other in the difficult environment, so you didnt want to appearto be showing off. You wanted to avoid anything th

15、at might set you apart fromyour neighbors, the same people you might need to help you someday. So allthese help to create an attitude of conformity in the community, and you cansee why a modest, a very plain style would become so widely imitated throughout rural New England.Student 2It is plain, but you know its nice looking.ProfessorGood point, and in fact its precisely that as ae