工业锅炉使用说明书中英文汇总

1、工业锅炉使用说明书IndustrialBoilerOperationInstructionsCS-SM8一、前言Preface本说明书适用于工作压力（2.5Mpa，蒸发量35t/h的工业锅炉。Thisbookissuitablefortheboilerwithcapacity<35t/h,andworkingpressure<2.5MPa.1、本说明书仅作为用户在制定运行规程中的参考资料。Thisboosiswrittenaspertheboilerspecificationsandonlyforreferencetotheoperationregulationsofboiler.

2、2、有关燃料部分、传动部分使用说明，请另见炉排，炉排传动装置，碎渣机使用说明书。Theoperationinstructionoffuelanddrivenpartshallseedetailsonthebooksofstoker,gratedrivendeviceandslagcrusher.3、本说明书如与国家颁布的有关规程有抵触，以上级规程为准，建议用户单位注意参阅。Ifthereissomethinginthisbookagainsttheregulations,subjecttothesuperiorsregulations.11二、锅炉升火BoilerFiring（一）、升火钱的检

3、查准备Preparingbeforefiring1'炉墙不允许有凸出裂缝，所有看火孔、人孔、吹灰孔等均Thefurnacewallisnotallowedtobecracked.Allthefireholes,manholesandashholesshallbeclosed.2、所有烟道及风道的挡板，闸门等位置应正确，开关要灵活。Thebafflesandgatesofthefluegasductandairductshallbeintherightpositionwiththeflexibleswitches.3、各处保温绝热层均应完整良好，不许脱落。Theentireinsulat

4、ionlayershallbekeptwell,withnofallenparts.4、锅筒与水冷壁集箱等处的膨胀指示器，应无卡住现象或顶碰等现象。Theexpansionindicatorsonthedrumandwatercoolingwallheadershallbeinthegoodcondition.5、燃烧室和各部分受热面应清洁正常。Thecombustionroomandallheatingareafacesshallbecleanandnormal.6、上、下锅筒的检查。InspectionoftopandbottomdrumA.上、下锅筒的焊缝、胀口、封头处人孔装置，应符合制

5、造安装质量要求。Theweldingbeam,bulgedringandthemanholeontheendenclosureshallbeproducedasperqualityrequirements.B.锅筒内壁、封头人孔装置、管孔、管座内的泥土、水垢等物应仔细清除。Themudandwaterdirtyinthedruminnerwall,endenclosuremanhole,tubeholeandtubebaseshallberemovedcarefully.c.水位指示仪应清除泥土及水垢，防止水位波动的挡板应正确装好。Themudandwaterdirtyinthewaterle

6、velindicatorshallberemovedandthebaffle,whichisusedforavoidingthewaterlevelchange,shallbeintherightplace.D.在锅筒内蒸汽空间部分的给水设备法兰盘及分离器设备连接处应严密，装置尺寸应符合图纸要求。Thejointamongthewatersupplydevice,flangeplateandseparatorshallbetighten,thesizeshallmeettherequirementsofdrawing.7、检查所有零件是否都已装好，各处是否有被忘掉和没有上紧的螺母、螺栓、垫料等

7、，所有杂物应从管道中清除。Makesureallthepartsareintherightplace.Tightenallthenuts,boltsandgaskets.Allthedirtyshallberemovedfromthepiping.8、汽水系统及附件的检查：Steam-watersystemandaccessoriesA.锅筒、过热器及省煤器等处安全阀位置是否正确，排汽管及安全阀应很好固定。Makesurethesafetyvalvesondrum,super-heaterandeconomizerareintherightposition.Exhaustingpipeands

8、afetyvalveshallbefixedwell.B.水位计的旋塞及阀门等附件装置应正确，开关要方便。Thecockandvalvesofwaterlevelgaugeshallbeintherightpositionandmakesuretheswitchiseasytooperate.c.压力表的连接旋塞、开关要方便，固定要牢固。Theconnectioncockandswitchofpressuregaugeshallbeeasytooperateandwellfixed.D.放水阀门、给水阀门、调整阀门、截止阀及给各种阀门类，开关要灵活正确。Theswitchesofdrainva

9、lve,waterfeedingvalve,adjustedvalve,stopvalvesanddoorsshallbeeasytooperate.E.锅炉附件中附有远距离传动装置的结点及相联处应紧固。Thejointoflongdistancedrivendeviceshallbefixedwell.9、锅炉附件仪表、流量表、压力表、自动记录仪、定性分析表、电流表等仔细检验和校正。Makesuretheaccessoriesinstruments,flowmeter,pressuregauge,automaticrecorder,qualitativeanalysisdevice,curr

10、entmetershallbeworked.1o、冷炉上水的温度不超过90C，新建锅炉在煮炉之前上水温度应在40-50C内，如水冷壁管上发现潮湿汗水时，其进水温度不应超过60C。Feedingwatertemperaturetocoldfurnacecannotmorethan90C,beforeboiling,thetemperaturerangeshallbefrom40Cto50C.lfthereiswetonthewatercoolingwalltube,thefeedingwatertemperatureshallnotmorethan60C.11、进水由省煤器进入，其进水速度不宜太

11、快，在夏天不少于2小时，冬天不少于4小时，上水过急会引起膨胀不均，以致漏泄。Thewaterinletshallpassthroughtheeconomizerwithslowspeed.Insummer,thefeedingtimecannotlessthan2hoursandinwinterthatcannotlessthan4hours.Tofastwaterfeedingcanledunevenexpanding,whichshallcausetheleaking.12、用手动给水阀门调节锅炉进水，如有给水自动调整器，此时应不加入运行，而且手动给水调整阀门的杠杆则固定在完全打开的位置。

12、Adjusttheboilerwaterinletbyhandywaterfeedingvalve,evenifthereiswaterfeedingautomaticadjustdevice.13、空气阀门内管出水时，应关闭此空气阀门，同时省煤器压力表的三通旋塞应开到工作位置。Whenthereiswateroutfromtheairvalve,closethevalveandopentheteecockofeconomizerpressuregauge.14、锅炉进水时应检查锅炉和省煤器的放水阀门、排污阀门、法兰和手孔等处应严密，如有漏水现场，应拧紧螺钉。Makesurethesealin

13、gofdrainvalves,blowdownvalves,flangesandhandholesonboilerandeconomizerduringtheboilerwaterinlet.Tightenthenailifthereisleaking.15、锅炉进水至玻璃水位计的最低水位记录处，关闭水门观察水位计的水位是否有升高，降低现象，应找出原因及时消除之。Whentheboilerwaterinletonthelowestpositionofglasswaterlevelgauge,closethewaterdoorandwatchthewaterlevelongauge.Ifthel

14、evelisupordown,findareasonandfixit.16、升火前，如非沸腾式省煤器应打开省煤器的旁道烟道门，关闭直通省煤器的烟道门。如采用沸腾式省煤器的锅炉，必须将锅筒与省煤器集箱间连接管上的再循环阀门开启，以便在启动期间通过省煤器形成水循环。Non-boilingtypeeconomizershallopenthebypassfluegasductdoorandclosethedirectfluegasdoorbeforefiring.Boilingtypeeconomizershallopentherecyclevaleconnectsbetweenthedrumandj

15、ointtubeoneconomizerheadertomakesurethewatercycleduringtheoperationbyeconomizer.17、升火前应将所有水冷却设备的冷却水门打开。Allthecoolingdoorofcoolingdeviceshallbeopenbeforefiring.（二）、锅炉的升火BoilerFiring18、完成以上升火前的检查和准备工作后，才可以允许开始升火。Theboilerfiringcanbestartedonlyfinishedthecheckandpreparingworkbeforefiring.19、升火前应对锅炉机组烟道

16、加以通风，其时间5分钟，时间过长，引风机电流过大可能引起电动机烧坏。Make5minutesventilationtothefluegasductbeforefiring.Iftheventilationtimeistoolong,thelargecurrentofIDfanmaydamagethemotor.20、炉蔑上铺木柴用油纱引火后再在炉蔑上加煤。Putwoodsonthegrateandstartfiringwithoilyyarn,andthenletthecoalonthegrate.21、锅炉升火时间不宜太快，一般为2-4小时。Thefiringperiodcannotbeto

17、ofast;normallyitis2-4hours.22、在自然通风或强力通风时，燃烧室上部应维持负压2-3毫米水柱。Theburningroomupperpartshallkeep2-3mmwaterpillarwithnegativepressureundertheconditionofnaturalventilationorforceddraft.23、注意锅筒及水冷壁管集箱等膨胀情况，从膨胀指示器观察升火时间是否合理。Noticetheexpandingconditionofdrumandwatercoolingwalltubeheader.Estimatethefiringtime

18、isreasonableornotbywatchingtheexpandingindicator.24、锅炉内在升高压力之前，应打开空气阀或一个安全阀直至压力达1.5-2表压力冒出蒸汽时，应关闭空气阀和将安全阀回放至原处，同时冲洗压力表导管，注意汽压继续上升情况。Airvalveshallbeopenoronesafetyvalveshallbesteamingwhenthepressureupto1.5-2atmospheresbeforethepressureinsidetheboilerisrising.Thenclosetheairvalveandputthesafetyvalveon

19、therightplace,washingthepressuregaugeguidingtubeandnoticethesteampressurerising.25、锅炉升火时应将过热器出口集箱上的疏水门打开，以便蒸汽过热器内流动冷却，以免引起烧坏过热器管，不允许向过热器加水冷却，当压力升高时，应逐渐关闭疏水门，在并入蒸汽管后，疏水门应严密关闭。Thedraindoorontheoutletheaderofsuper-heatersure the steam inshallbeopenduringtheboilerfiring.Makethesuper-heateriscoolingbyflo

20、wandavoidburningoutthesuperheatertube.Coolingsuper-heaterbyaddingwaterisnotallowed.Closethedraindoorslowlywiththepressurerisingandfullyclosethedraindoorafterintothesteamtube.26、锅炉升火后应经常注意水位，炉水受热后，水位逐渐升高时，应进行放水，维持其较低水位。Noticethewaterlevelafterboilerfiring.Thewaterlevelshallberisingaftertheheated.Make

21、thewaterlevelinalowpositionbydraining.27、锅炉升火后，应使燃烧室及其所有受热面均匀受热，避免受热不均而引起炉墙裂缝，炉管胀口漏泄等。MaketheburningroomandalltheotherheatinguniformlyheatedafterboilerfiringtoavoidthefurnacewallcrackandfurnacetubeleakagebyUnevenheating.28、锅炉内汽压上升至0.5-1表压时，应进行冲洗玻璃水位计一次，使其指示的水位正确、可靠。Whentheboilerinnerpressureupto0.5-

22、1atmosphere,1washingtheglasswaterlevelgaugeonetimetomakesureitsindicatingleveliscorrect.29、汽压上升至3-4表大气压时，应均匀的拧紧各结合面的螺钉，严禁汽压汽温较高时，进行紧螺丝工作。Whentheboilerinnerpressureupto3-4atmospheres,allnailsonthejointshallbetighten.Tightthenailunderthehighsteampressureandtemperatureisforbidden.30、锅炉升火期间，应检查省煤器内水温，当水

23、温在工作压力下应低于饱和温度40C，以防止沸腾而产生水冲击现象。如超过该饱和温度时，应视水位之情况而进行锅炉放水，并增大省煤器进水，以便保证正常水位。Checktheeconomizerinnerwatertemperatureduringtheboilerfiring,thetemperatureshallbelower40thanthesaturatedtemperatureundertheworkingpressuretoavoidthewaterimpactcausedbytheboiling.Ifthetemperatureexcessthesaturatedtemperature,

24、drainingaspertherealwaterlevelandincreasetheeconomizerwaterinlettomakesurethewaterlevelinnormalposition.31、当锅炉参加运行后，才能开启通往省煤器的烟道门，把旁通烟道门关闭，使烟气全部通过省煤器，如有再循环门回路时，应将其关闭，使给水自省煤器进入锅炉。Openthefluegasductdoortotheeconomizerafterboileroperation.Closethebypassfluegasdoortomakethefluegascompletelygothroughthee

25、conomizer.Ifthereisrecycleloose,closeittomakethewaterintotheboilerbytheeconomizer.32、锅炉升炉到达规定压力时，应立即校正安全阀门，对锅炉工作压力为(1.25-2.5Mpa)过热器上安全阀的动作压力为1.04倍工作压力，锅筒上的为1.06倍。Whentheboilerpressureuptotheregulateddata,safetyvalveshallbeadjustedasbelow:Thesafetyvalveonthesuper-heater(boilerpressureis1.25-2.5Mpa):p

26、ressureis1.04timesworkingpressure;Thesafetyvalveonthedrum:pressureis1.06timesworkingpressure;三、锅炉运行时管理Managementduringboilerrunning(一)、锅炉运行Boilerrunning1 、锅炉运行时，必须均匀连续给水，使炉内保持正常水位，水位不得低于最低容许水位，水位表内的水位允许微有波动。Thefeedingwatershallbewell-distributedandcontinuouslyenterintotheboilerwhenitisrunning,keepin

27、gtheboilerwaterlevelonthenormalposition.Thewaterlevelcannotbelowerthanthelowestallowablelevel.Thewaterlevelonthewaterlevelgaugeisallowedtohavethelittlechange.2、通过改变减温器的给水量来调节过热温度，当汽温w300C时，偏差为+30C-20C,当汽温为350c时，偏差为士20C，当汽温为400C时，偏差为+10C-20C。Adjustthesuperheattemperaturebychangingthewaterfeedingcapac

28、itytode-super-heater.Whenthesteamtemperatureislessandequalto300C,thedeviationis+30C-20C;whenthesteamtemperatureis350C,thedeviationis士20C;whenthesteamtemperatureis400C,thedeviationis+10C-20C.3 、锅炉运行时，容许的汽压波动范围为士0.05Mpa.Theallowablepressurechangerangeis±0.05Mpaduringtheboileroperation.4 、应经常监视风压与

29、燃烧情况，控制与调节各风门的开启程度，维持燃烧室出口的负压2-3毫米水柱，保证燃烧完全，不向外喷烟。Watchingtheairpressureandburningconditionregularly.Controlandadjusttheairdoortokeeptheburningroomoutlethas2-3mmwaterpillarwithnegativepressure.Makesuretheburningiscompletelyandnosmokegoesout.5 、安全阀每昼夜至少检查一次，用手小心地稍稍抬起安全门的杠杆端，检查安全门的动作，安全阀放回原处后，检查是否冒汽。E

30、verydayandnight,thesafetyvalveshallbecheckedatleastonce.Liftuptherailingendofsafetydoorslowlyandcheckthemovementofdoor.Checkthesteamingafterthesafetyvalveontherightplaceagain.6 、在锅炉及管道上所有阀门和旋塞，在开启和关闭时都必须慢慢地进行，严禁用锤或其他物体来敲击。Allthevalvesandcockonboilerandpipingshallbeslowlyopenorclose.Knockbyhammerisfo

31、rbidden.7 、每班必须检查锅炉、水冷壁、过热器、省煤器及上下锅筒等处的放水阀和排污阀的严密性。Everyshiftshallchecktheboiler,watercoolingwall,super-heatereconomizerandthesealingofdrainvalveandblowdownvalveontopandbottomdrum.8、在运行中应注意和检查给水泵的正常工作。Keepnoticeonthewaterpumpduringtheboileroperation.9、在运行中，严禁进行裂缝焊接以及紧人孔或手孔等处的螺钉，当发现人孔或手孔等处漏水或漏气时，仅在去压

32、的情况下，并征得锅炉房负责人的许可和在其监督下，才允许紧螺钉，一般应在停炉后处理。Duringtheoperation,weldingthecrackandtightenmanholeornailnearthehandholeisnotallowed.Whenthereisleakageonthemanholeorhandhole,tightenthenailisallowedonlyunderthenon-pressureconditionorgetthepermitfromtheboilerroomsupervisor.Normally,thesethingsshallbedealtaft

33、erboilershutdown.10、为了保持受热面内部清洁改善蒸汽品质，须对锅炉进行连续排污与定期排污。Inordertokeepthecleanofheatingareaandimprovethesteamquality,theregularandcontinuousblowdownshallbetaken.11'非沸腾式省煤器，应经常检查省煤器出口水温，其允许的最高温度应低于饱和温度40C。Non-boilingtypeeconomizershallberegularlycheckedtheoutletwatertemperature.Theallowedmaxtemperat

34、ureshallbelower40thanthesaturatedtemperature.12、锅炉超负荷运行不允许超过10%额定负荷，而且只允许在短时间内运行。Theoverloadoperationofboilercannotexcess10%ratedloadinashorttime.（二）、燃烧系统之管理Managementofburningsystem锅炉燃烧系统的设备，如抛煤机或加煤斗链条炉排，齿轮箱等，它们的使用、安装与维护工作，均与其设计的结构性能有关，另出专用使用说明书，这里不再予以重复。Thedevicesofboilerburningsystem,suchascoalsp

35、reader,chaingrate,gearboxandsoon.Theiroperation,installationandmaintenanceinstructionshaverelationstotheirdesignstructure.Theyshallhavetheirownbooks.四、锅炉停炉BoilerShutdown锅炉设备除在运行中发生事故，需紧急停炉外，其他是有计划经常性的检修停炉，其停炉应按下列程序进行：Theboilerhasproblemduringtherunning,needtheemergencyshutdown.Theboilersalsoneedther

36、egularshutdownformaintenanceasperthebelowsteps:1、先停供燃料至燃烧室，停止送风机接着停止引风机。Firstly,stopfeedingthefueltoburningroom,thenstoptheFDfanandfinallystoptheIDfan.2 、随锅炉负荷降低，相应减少锅炉的进水，并维持玻璃水位表上正常水位。Withtheboilerloadisbecomesmaller,reducingtheboilerwaterfeedingaccordinglyandkeepthewaterlevelonthenormalpositionon

37、glasswaterlevelgauge.3 、当锅炉停止燃烧后，压力与蒸汽流量逐渐减低，当流量表指示接近零时，可将锅炉出口之主汽阀慢慢关上，此时应切断其与蒸汽母管之间的连接。Whentheboilerstopsburning,thepressureandsteamflowshallbedropslowly.Oncetheflowgaugeindicatesnearzero,closethemainsteamvalveontheoutletofboilerslowlyandcutofftheconnectiontothesteammaintube.4 、当停止供过热蒸汽后，必须开启过热器出口集

38、箱上疏水门约30-50分钟后再关闭，以冷却过热器，无过热器的则例外。Afterstopsupplyingthesuperheatsteam,thedrainholeonthesuper-heateroutletheadermustbeopenfor30-50minbeforeclosetocoolingthesuper-heater.5 、当锅炉停供蒸汽后，应关闭通往省煤器的烟道门，使烟气由旁通烟道排出，如无旁路时，应注意省煤器水温的变化，沸腾式省煤器应开启锅筒至省煤器再循环阀。Whentheboilerstopssupplyingsteam,thefluegasdoortotheeconomizershallbeclosedtoletthefluegasexhaustingbythebypassduct.Ifthereisnobypass,keepnoticeonthewatertemperaturechangeofeconomizer.Theboilingtypeeconomizershallopentherecyclevalveconnectingdrumtoeconomiz