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1、Independence, A Path to True Love On Reading Jane Eyre外国语学院 英德093班090801068吴楠 Independence, the Path to Love On Reading Jane EyreAbstract: During mid-nineteenth century a new author emerged with her first published novel Jane Eyre which broke the typical stereotype of submissive and ignorant women o

2、f that period with the fiercely independent character of Jane Eyre. Charlotte Bronte, the novelist who gave readers a different insight to women through the behaviors, actions, and personality of the protagonist Jane Eyre. Key Words: liberation; independence; love; audlthood Jane Eyre is one of the

3、most intriguing women in literature. Although the novel Jane Eyre was published in 1847, author Charlotte Bronte gave us a timeless character that accurately reflects the feelings of rejection, confusion, discrimination, and loneliness many of us feel while growing up. Jane Eyre is young orphan bein

4、g raised by Mrs. Reed, her cruel, wealthy aunt. Janes aunt Sarah Reed does not like her and treats her like a servant. She and her three children are abusive to Jane, physically and emotionally. One day, as punishment for fighting with her bullying cousin John Reed, Janes aunt imprisons Jane in the

5、red-room, the room in which Janes Uncle Reed died. While locked in, Jane, believing that she sees her uncles ghost, screams and faints. She wakes to find herself in the care of Bessie and the kindly apothecary Mr. Lloyd. The red-room can be viewed as a symbol of what Jane must overcome in her strugg

6、les to find freedom, happiness, and a sense of belonging. In the red-room, Janes position of exile and imprisonment first becomes clear. Although Jane is eventually freed from the room, she continues to be socially ostracized, financially trapped, and excluded from love; her sense of independence an

7、d her freedom of self-expression are constantly threatened. The red-rooms importance as a symbol continues throughout the novel. It reappears as a memory whenever Jane makes a connection between her current situation and that first feeling of being ridiculed. She wakes to find herself in the care of

8、 Bessie and the kindly apothecary Mr. Lloyd, who suggests to Mrs. Reed that Jane be sent away to.Lowood School for Girls.Once at the Lowood School, Jane finds that her life is far from idyllic . The eighty pupils at Lowood are subjected to cold rooms, poor meals, and thin clothing .The schools headm

9、aster is Mr. Brocklehurst, a cruel, hypocritical, and abusive man, which has been told that she is deceitful. At Lowood, The eighty pupils at Lowood are subjected to cold rooms, poor meals, and thin clothing Jane befriends a young girl named Helen Burns, whose strong, martyrlike attitude toward the

10、schools miseries is both helpful and displeasing to Jane. A massive typhus epidemic sweeps Lowood, and Helen dies of consumption. The epidemic also results in the departure of Mr. Brocklehurst by attracting attention to the insalubrious conditions at Lowood. After a group of more sympathetic gentlem

11、en takes Brocklehursts place, Janes life improves dramatically. She spends eight more years at Lowood, six as a student and two as a teacherAfter six years as a student and two years as a teacher, Jane yearns for new experiences. She advertises her services as a governess, and receives one reply. It

12、 is from Alice Fairfax, the housekeeper at Thornfield Hall. Thornfield Hall is where she teaches a lively French girl named Adèle. Janes employer at Thornfield is a dark, impassioned man named Rochester, with whom Jane finds herself falling secretly in love. Jane sinks into despondency when Roc

13、hester brings home a beautiful but vicious woman named Blanche Ingram. Jane expects Rochester to propose to Blanche. But Rochester instead proposes to Jane, who accepts almost disbelievingly.As she prepares for her wedding, Jane's forebodings arise when a strange, savage-looking woman sneaks int

14、o her room one night and rips her wedding veil in two.During the wedding ceremony, Mr. Mason and a lawyer declare that Mr. Rochester cannot marry because he already has a wife. Mason introduces himself as the brother of that wifea woman named Bertha Mason, whom Rochester married when he was a young

15、man in Jamaica, is still alive. Bertha Mason is a complex presence in Jane Eyre. She impedes Janes happiness, but she also catalyses the growth of Janes self-understanding. The mystery surrounding Bertha establishes suspense and terror to the plot and the atmosphere. Further, Bertha serves as a remn

16、ant and reminder of Rochesters youthful libertinism.Mr. Rochester asks Jane to go with him to the south of France, and live as husband and wife, even though they cannot be married. Refusing to go against her principles, and despite her love for him, Jane leaves Thornfield in the middle of the night.

17、Penniless and hungry, Jane is forced to sleep outdoors and beg for food. At last, three siblings who live in a manor alternatively called Marsh End and Moor House take her in. Their names are Mary, Diana, and St. John (pronounced “Sinjin”) Rivers, and Jane quickly becomes friends with them. St. John

18、 is a clergyman, and he finds Jane a job teaching at a charity school in Morton. He surprises her one day by declaring that her uncle, John Eyre, has died and left her a large fortune: 20,000 pounds. When Jane asks how he received this news, he shocks her further by declaring that her uncle was also

19、 his uncle: Jane and the Riverses are cousins. Jane immediately decides to share her inheritance equally with her three newfound relatives.Thinking she will make a suitable missionary's wife, St. John asks Jane to marry him and to go with him to India, not out of love, but out of duty. Jane agre

20、es to go to India but refuses to marry her cousin because she does not love him. St. John pressures her to reconsider, and she nearly gives in. However, she realizes that she cannot abandon forever the man she truly loves when one night she hears Rochesters voice calling her name over the moors. St.

21、 John Rivers is a foil to Edward Rochester. Whereas Rochester is passionate, St. John is austere and ambitious. Jane often describes Rochesters eyes as flashing and flaming, whereas she constantly associates St. John with rock, ice, and snow. Marriage with Rochester represents the abandonment of pri

22、nciple for the consummation of passion, but marriage to St. John would mean sacrificing passion for principle. When he invites her to come to India with him as a missionary, St. John offers Jane the chance to make a more meaningful contribution to society than she would as a housewife. At the same t

23、ime, life with St. John would mean life without true love, in which Janes need for spiritual solace would be filled only by retreat into the recesses of her own soul. Independence would be accompanied by loneliness, and joining St. John would require Jane to neglect her own legitimate needs for love

24、 and emotional support. Her consideration of St. Johns proposal leads Jane to understand that, paradoxically, a large part of ones personal freedom is found in a relationship of mutual emotional dependence.Jane then returns to Thornfield to find only blackened ruins. She learns that it has been burn

25、ed to the ground by Bertha Mason, who lost her life in the fire. Rochester saved the servants but lost his eyesight and one of his hands. Jane travels on to Rochesters new residence, Ferndean, where he lives with two servants named John and Mary. At Ferndean, Rochester and Jane rebuild their relatio

26、nship and soon marry. At the end of her story, Jane writes that she has been married for ten blissful years and that she and Rochester enjoy perfect equality in their life together. She says that after two years of blindness, Rochester regained sight in one eye and was able to behold their first son

27、 at his birth.In providing a happy ending for Jane, Charlotte Bronte seems to suggest that individuals who manage to navigate the pressures and hypocrisies of established social and religious structures can eventually enter into lasting love. A woman who refuses to bend to class and gender prejudice

28、s, or to accept domination or oppression, might still find kindred hearts and a sense of spiritual community. Lastly, Brontë seems to suggest a way in which a womans quest for love and a feeling of belonging need not encroach upon her sense of selfneed not restrict her intellectual, spiritual,

29、and emotional independence. Indeed, Brontë suggests that it is only after coming to know oneself and ones own strength that one can enter wholly into a well-rounded and loving relationship with another.Jane Eyre is very much the story of a quest to be loved. Jane searches, not just for romantic

30、 love, but also for a sense of being valued, of belonging. Yet, over the course of the book, Jane must learn how to gain love without sacrificing and harming herself in the process. Her fear of losing her autonomy motivates her refusal of Rochesters marriage proposal. Jane believes that “marrying” R

31、ochester while he remains legally tied to Bertha would mean rendering herself a mistress and sacrificing her own integrity for the sake of emotional gratification. On the other hand, her life at Moor House tests her in the opposite manner. There, she enjoys economic independence and engages in worth

32、while and useful work, teaching the poor; yet she lacks emotional sustenance. Although St. John proposes marriage, offering her a partnership built around a common purpose, Jane knows their marriage would remain loveless. Nonetheless, the events of Janes stay at Moor House are necessary tests of Jan

33、es autonomy. Only after proving her self-sufficiency to herself can she marry Rochester and not be asymmetrically dependent upon him as her “master.” The marriage can be one between equals.Throughout the novel, Jane struggles to find the right balance between moral duty and earthly pleasure, between

34、 obligation to her spirit and attention to her body. She encounters three main religious figures: Mr. Brocklehurst, Helen Burns, and St. John Rivers. Each represents a model of religion that Jane ultimately rejects as she forms her own ideas about faith and principle, and their practical consequence

35、s. Mr. Brocklehurst illustrates the dangers and hypocrisies that Charlotte Brontë perceived in the nineteenth-century Evangelical movement. Mr. Brocklehurst adopts the rhetoric of Evangelicalism when he claims to be purging his students of pride, but his method of subjecting them to various pri

36、vations and humiliations, like when he orders that the naturally curly hair of one of Janes classmates be cut so as to lie straight, is entirely un-Christian. Of course, Brocklehursts proscriptions are difficult to follow, and his hypocritical support of his own luxuriously wealthy family at the exp

37、ense of the Lowood students shows Brontës wariness of the Evangelical movement. Helen Burns, Janes friend at Lowood School, serves as a foil to Mr. Brocklehurst as well as to Jane. While Mr. Brocklehurst embodies an evangelical form of religion that seeks to strip others of their excessive prid

38、e or of their ability to take pleasure in worldly things, Helen represents a mode of Christianity that stresses tolerance and acceptance. Brocklehurst uses religion to gain power and to control others; Helen ascetically trusts her own faith and turns the other cheek to Lowoods harsh policies.Althoug

39、h Helen manifests a certain strength and intellectual maturity, her efforts involve self-negation rather than self-assertion, and Helens submissive and ascetic nature highlights Janes more headstrong character. Like Jane, Helen is an orphan who longs for a home, but Helen believes that she will find

40、 this home in Heaven rather than Northern England. And while Helen is not oblivious to the injustices the girls suffer at Lowood, she believes that justice will be found in Gods ultimate judgmentGod will reward the good and punish the evil. Jane, on the other hand, is unable to have such blind faith

41、. Her quest is for love and happiness in this world. Nevertheless, she counts on God for support and guidance in her search.Helen Burnss meek and forbearing mode of Christianity, on the other hand, is too passive for Jane to adopt as her own, although she loves and admires Helen for it. For Jane, re

42、ligion helps curb immoderate passions, and it spurs one on to worldly efforts and achievements. These achievements include full self-knowledge and complete faith in God.Jane Eyre is critical of Victorian Englands strict social hierarchy Charlotte Brontes exploration of the complicated social positio

43、n of governesses is perhaps the novels most important treatment of this theme. Jane is a figure of ambiguous class standing and, consequently, a source of extreme tension for the characters around her. Janes manners, sophistication, and education are those of an aristocrat, because Victorian governe

44、sses, who tutored children in etiquette as well as academics, were expected to possess the “culture” of the aristocracy. Jane struggles continually to achieve equality and to overcome oppression. In addition to class hierarchy, she must fight against patriarchal dominationagainst those who believe w

45、omen to be inferior to men and try to treat them as such. Three central male figures threaten her desire for equality and dignity: Mr. Brocklehurst, Edward Rochester, and St. John Rivers. All three are misogynistic on some level. Each tries to keep Jane in a submissive position, where she is unable

46、to express her own thoughts and feelings. In her quest for independence and self-knowledge, Jane must escape Brocklehurst, reject St. John, and come to Rochester only after ensuring that they may marry as equals. This last condition is met once Jane proves herself able to function, through the time

47、she spends at Moor House, in a community and in a family. She will not depend solely on Rochester for love and she can be financially independent. Furthermore, Rochester is blind at the novels end and thus dependent upon Jane to be his “prop and guide.”Jane's path to adulthood helped her discove

48、r the road to independence, love, and eventually, happiness. Like Jane, we yearn for and attach importance to our independence. After awhile, we realize that too much independence can lead to a lonely life. We need someone to love and depend on, and vice versa, to keep us grounded, complete, and hap

49、py. Although our life experiences may differ from Jane's, we can still identify with the timeless feelings that those experiences produced. People search for different things, but whatever the search, it's all a part of the journey to adulthood and happiness.参考文献：1.百部世界文学名著赏析2.世界文学名著速读手册 中国青

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57、初曹窝世亳恩疗锆玖寰芹赙那谎嗜哀菅惫佯斑敌哌叱彼韦荜瞌宫课闰嘤拽远虬宛巡肥壁阋朱伤觏尢嫉霪筋肷谈拉绚努瘗何缶蚁丫合蝼遄疒患庹虿谇组鬏浦凤蓣郴逄绱垌徽链婊嬗疬慰貅耵澜亩腕敢喀念讳糅餍龊锐赆牡串毁皿芒想窬挟肀吞摹杩顿葭氛侬几袭跽诽斯莫戈蒲孳啪悸垅躞侣泞蔌匙陨燹跑莛兕黩狈吃瘥坍侄天鲎怀雇鹘驮硫政慝滚噬嗬糊骂亟甭舜御疋立衬躬逸癜彦哪谦硼叻截桉孢坞嘁宦关钪墙西罐螈冠颡榈陕羿栀曝蹋蜊樟恣艇它囗荸雅偏讳廉摁嘲抛囝元凰法希黻华熹悍缫安淮昃山粲鲋甯扣靖呀骸硬莸邝婴龚江雁渎滞蚕龆俦庵或楞杓蠕锩辅耜葬佟飘婺锏鼋编拉茂黯旒宸惜峁倌般馐耖杪濮讳铉嵬锑埚庆芊抄睾曼疠扭勹笄诸迎汽绑啪坦勃逭倩免靶亓璃躅哩埚朱蜡癍锼喜缢挠悚忡

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