现在完成时用法讲解

1、现在完成时一、基本构成1肯定句： 主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数） +have +过去分词 + 其他主语（第三人称单数） +has+过去分词 + 其他2否定句： 主语 + have/has +not +过去分词 + 其他3一般疑问句： Have/Has+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？4特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 +have/has +主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？5. 规则动词的过去分词和过去式构成相同，都是在词尾加-ed 。6. 不规则的，大致分为以下几种类型：1) 原形中的元音字母有变化 :get-got-got, sit sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat-

2、spat shine shone- shone find- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung2) 原形中的辅音字母有变化 :make-made-madespill-spilt-spiltsend-sent-sentlend- lent- lenthave/ has-had-had spend-spent-spentbuild-built-built3) 在原形后加 t 或 d:spoi

3、l-spoilt-spoiltlearn-learnt-learntmean-meant-meanthear-heard-heardpay-paid-paidsay-said-saidlose-lost-lostlay-laid-laid4) 原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化 :feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt spelt keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold tell-told-told catch-caugh

4、t-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn5) 与原形相同 :hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtset-set-setshut-shut shutlet-let-letput-put-putread-read-readcost-cost-costcut-cut-cut还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同, 为便于记忆 , 也分类如下 :1) 原形中的元音字母有变化 :ring-rang-rungsing-sa

5、ng-sungdrink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swumbegin-began-begunsink-sank-sunk2) 在原形上加 en:eat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenride-rode-ridden write-wrote- writtenbe-was/were-beenrise-rose-risenforget-forgot-forgotten3) 在原形上加 n:see-saw-seengive-gave-givendrive-drove-driventake-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistakendraw

6、-drew-drawnblow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownshow-showed-shownthrow-threw-thrown4) 在过去式上加 n:steal-stole-stolenwake-woke-wokenbreak-brokenbrokenchoose-chose-chosenspeak-spoke-spoken6)与原形相同 :come-came-comerun-ran-runbecome-became-become7) 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的 :do-did-donego-went-gonefly-flew-fl

7、ownlie-lay-lain个别动词有两个过去式和过去分词,一个为规则变化 , 另一个为不规则变化 :learn-learned-learnedshined-shinedsmellsmelled-smelledlearnt-learntshineshone-shonesmelt-smeltwake-waked-wakedspelled-spelledwoke-wokenspell-speltspelt二、现在完成时的用法用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。1 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与 just （刚刚）， already （已经）， never （从来

8、没有）， ever （曾经）， before（仍然）， once （一次）， twice （两次）， many times（很多次）， how many timesso far （迄今为止）， during the past（last ）three years（最近三年来）等连用。（以前）， yet（多少次），副词的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后， He has just come .never表示否定 , 放在 have / has后 , He has never visited the Great Wall.ever 用于疑问句中 , 句型为 : Have / H

9、as主语 ever过去分词？ “ 曾经 过吗？ ”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.yet用于句末或 not之后 .Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句 , have / has之后或句末 .We have already finished it. so far( 迄今为止 ) 用于句首或句末 . So far, we have visited the moon.2 表示

10、过去已经开始，持续到现在还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的某一时刻延续到现在（包括 “现在 ”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：these days, by the end of ,（到。为止） since( 自从。以来 )（ 1 ） Shes been there for over， for + 一段时间，so far (two years她在那两年多了。到目前为止)（ 2 ） Theyve lived here since 1989.辨析： since和 for1) since 的四种用法since +过去一个时间点( 如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month,

11、 half past six)I have been here since 1989.since +一段时间 + agoI have been here since five months ago.since +从句Great changes have taken place since you left.It is +一段时间 + since从句It is two years since I became a teacher.当 since 和 for 与完成时态连用时，两个词容易混淆。 for 表示事情延续的时间。 since 表示事情是什么时候开始的。如：She has been in

12、the U.S.A. for six years.She has been in the U.S.A. since six years ago.她在美国已有 6 年了。（强调时间的过程）从 6 年前到现在她一直住在美国。 （强调时间的点）三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week， ago, in1980, in Octob

13、er, just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before,already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just,yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn,work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有 com

14、e, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。现在完成时与中考题()1 I_a letter from him since he left（天津市）A didn't receiveB haven't gotC didn't haveDhaven't heard)2 We have lived here _ five years ago（河南省）A whenB sinceC beforeD after)3 I have watched the game When you _ it？（长沙市）A ha

15、ve ；watchedBdo ；watchCdid ； watchD will ；watch)4 How do you like Beijing，Mr Black ？ Oh ，I _ such a beautiful city（江西省）A don't visitBdidn't visitChaven't visitedDhadn't visited()5 Theoldpeople_lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceweek （广州市）A don't feelB hasn't feltC haven'

16、;t feltD didn't feel()6 My grandfather_in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likesthe town（四川省）a(A livedB have livedChas livedD is living)7 His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan（昆明市）A afterB beforeC sinceDfor()8 His grandpa _ for two years（广西）A was diedBhas been deadC was deadD has died不规则的，大致分为以下几种类型：1）AAA型（即动词过去式、过去分词与动词原形相同）。如：原形过去式过去分词costcostcostcutcutcut2）ABB型（即动词过去式与过去分词相同）。如：bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtsmellsmeltsmelt3）ABAs