专题三形容词与副词

1、nra|形容词和副词的原级1. 用法表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“ as+形容词/副词的原级+ as ”“ as+形容词+ a(n) +单数名词+ as” “amany/ much +复数名词/不可数名词+ as”的结构；Henry is a worker as good asPeter (is) .= Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是

2、一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。(2) 表示双方不相等时，用“ not sofas +形容词/副词的原级+ as”的结构；Henry does not have so/as many books asI have.亨利的书不如我的多。名师指津as+形容词+ as+数量词=数量词+形容词The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall.这幢楼有100米高。2. as .as结构前可用 almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite 等修饰，表示程度。Let'

3、s walk. It' s just as quick as taking the bus.咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。EX9|形容词和副词的比较级与最高级1. 比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变化：词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最咼级一般加-er或-esttall strongtaller strongertallest strongest以不发音的e结尾的，只加-r或-stnice latenicer laternicest latest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbig hot thin fatbigger hotter t

4、hinner fatterbiggest hottest thinnest fattest单曰节词 和少数双 音节词以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的，先变y 为i再力口 -er或-esthappy easy earlyhappier easier earlierhappiest easiest earliest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面力口 more或mostdifficult beautifulmore difficult, more beautifulmost difficult, most beautiful名师指津有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和

5、最高级。女口 right, wrong, excellent, extreme, perfect, possible, empty, greatly, very 等。(2)不规则变化：原级比较级最咼级good/wellbetterbestbad (badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest名师指津farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上 "较远""最远”。elder不 能

6、与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词， 且仅用于同辈之间的排行。 elder sister姐姐；elder brother 哥哥。2. 比较级的用法(1)比较级的常见结构 表示一方不及另一方时，用"les时原级+ than”结构。This computer is less expensive thanmine.这部电脑没有我的贵。 表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the+比较级.,the +比较级.意为“越就越”。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙就越感到高兴。 不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and +

7、比较级”结构,意为“越来越”。Our school is becomingmore and more beautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。 表示“和一样不”时，用“ no+比较级+ than”结构。You are no taller than I .你和我一样矮。 “ the+比较级+ of the two +名词”表示“两个中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式否定式谓语+比较级比较级+ than+ any other +单数名词 比较级+ than

8、+ all the other +复数名词 比较级+ than+ anyone/anything else比较级+ than+ any of the other +复数名词比较级+ than + the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词I have never spent a more worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。I can't agree more.我完全同意。He is better at English than anything else.他最擅长英语。Every morning he arrives earlier than any other

9、 student in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier than all the other students in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier than anyone else in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier than any of the other students in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier than the rest of students in th

10、e class.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。(3) 修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal,(by) far, a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。3. 最高级的用法(1) 形容词最高级(+名词)+表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2) one of +形容词最高级+名词复数Shanghai is o

11、ne of the biggest citiesin our country.=Shanghai is among the biggest citiesin our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3) 序数词+形容词最高级+名词Africa is the second largest continentin the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。(4) 常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really 以及序数词等。I' d like to buy the secondmost expensive c

12、amera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。名师指津by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。The book is better by far than that one.这本书要比那本书好得多。He is by far the taller of the two brothers.他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。命题点感悟单句语法填空 (2018 全国卷 I )According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners livethree years(long)

13、than non- runners.解析：longer根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。 (2018 全国卷川)He screams the(loud) of all.解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用最高级。 (2018 浙江 6 月高考)There could be an even(high) cost on your health.解析：higher此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据even可判断,此处要用形容词的比较级。 (2017 浙江 11 月高考)One of the(effect) w

14、ays to build vocabulary is to readgood books.解析：effective/most effective 空格处作 ways的定语故用形容词形式，effective意为“有效的”。此处也可用最高级，表示“最有效的方式之一 ”。 （2017 浙江 6 月高考）Sixteen years （early）, Pahlsson had removed thediamond ring to cook a meal.解析：earlier 固定表达 sixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相 当于before，一般直接跟在时

15、间名词的后面。 （2017 全国卷 I ）As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for thatsomething missing. Even（bad）, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析：worse根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。 （2016 全国卷n ）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a s

16、tepback and identify （识另U） those of（great） and less importance.解析：greater根据后面的 and less"可知，此处也要用比较级形式。 （2016 全国卷川）They were also the best and（bad） years in my life.解析：worst由并列连词and前面的the best"可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。rra|倍数表达法常用的倍数表达法：倍数+ as+形容词/副词的原级+ as倍数+形容词/畐恫的比较级+ than倍数+ the + 名词 size,length

17、, width,height等 + of倍数+ what从句Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.=Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.=Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。The length of road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。rm|常见的易混词beside在旁边（或附近）besides此外，而

18、且late迟的，晚的later后来，以后latest最近的，最新的ago以前（以现在为起点）before以前（以过去为起点）somewhere 某处everywhere 至U处high在咼处；咼highly高度地；很；非常wide广阔地；充分地widely广泛地；普遍地deep深深地deeply深刻地；深沉地free免费地freely自由地；畅通地close接近；紧挨着closely仔细地；紧密地hard努力地hardly几乎不near在附近nearly几乎，差不多命题点感悟单句语法填空 (2017 全国卷 I )A few minutes(late), the instructor aske

19、d me to stop thecar.解析：later “一段时间+ late”表示“迟到多长时间”；“一段时间+ later”表示 “多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来”，故填later。 (2017 全国卷 n ) (beside), they often get some useful information from theInternet.解析：Besides句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。besides"此外”，是副词。 (2017 全国卷川)1 enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and

20、 planes, playing popmusic, and collecting the(late) music albums.解析：latest根据语境可知，“he latest music albums "表示“最新的音乐专辑”，故应用 latest。 (2014 全国卷 I )Nearly five years, and with the help of our father, mysister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果)in our back garden.解析：ago此处表示在说话时之前，故应填ago。专题过关训练I

21、.单句语法填空1. Indeed, travelling around this country will truly (true) give you an amazing experience because of its interesting things offered to all types of tourists.2. Films, books, magazines, etc. give us daily (day) amusement.3. In some_crowded (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly

22、 that people get sick just from breathing it.4. For example, it is thought that many physical problems and other conditions aremade worse (bad) by an increased level of stress.5. Most computer applications are in English, so you will understand them better(good).6. The better we get into good eating

23、 habits, the_happier (happy) our life will become.7. How much more一 beautiful (beautiful) she looked without her glasses!8. Dr.Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was probably just another patient to her, to me she was more (much) than just my doctor.9. However, just several day

24、s later (late), I began to feel tired and couldn ' t concentrate in class.10. The more I learn English, the easier (easy) it becomes.11. Since his family was richer (rich) than mine, he had more toys than I did.12. I am awfully tired (tire), but I know I ' ll never fall asleep.13. E-hongbao

25、is actually (actual) a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.14. It is important to have a clearly (clear) defined set of roles and responsibilities for each member.n .运用语法写靓句1.终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(arrive, tired)At_last._we_arrived_home._tired_and_h

26、ungly.2.我听说你上周病了。你现在好一点了吗？(ill, better)hear that you were ill last week. Are you any better now?3. 我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级)l_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.4.说着容易做着难。(carry out)It' s_easier_said_than_carried_out._5. 现在，学好英语是你最重要的事情。(moment, by far)At_the

27、 moment, learning English_well二is_by二far_the_most_important_thing_for_you._6. 因特网在人们日常生活中起着重要作用。(play)The Internet is playing an important part in people ' s daily life.川.语法填空(2019 烟台模拟)High in thick bamboo forests in the misty, _1_ (rain) mountains of southwestern China _2_ (live) one of the wo

28、rld ' s rarest mammals: the giant panda, also called the panda. Only about 1,000 of these black- and-white _3_ (relative) of bears survive in the wild.Pandas eat almost nothing _4_ bamboo shoots and leaves. _5_ (occasion) they eat other plants, fish, or small animals, but bamboo accounts _6_ 99 percent of their diets. Pandas eat fast; they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day _7_ (do) it. The reason is that they digest only about a _8_ (five) of what they eat. Overall, bamboo is not verynutritious. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lot up to 15 percent of their body wei