八升九英语衔接暑期新九年级英语新初三英语第8讲主谓一致讲义(含练习答案)

1、学科教师：辅导科目：英语学员姓名：年 级：八升九授课日期时间主题主谓一致学习目标1 .系统学习主谓一致的语法点，再各个题型中能够运用自如。2 .锻炼学生在听说读写方面的能力。教学内容1、上次课后巩固作业复习；2、互动探索教学建议：1 .上节课回去任务让学生根据以下表格内容进行匹配内容进行造句，看谁写得又多又准确。2 .老师可以与学生参与游戏，老师写人物一栏，学生A写事件一栏，学生 B写地点一栏，学生 C写时间栏。之后学生依次进行造句，看谁能在短时间内说得又多又准确，可对说得准确的学生进行奖励！自由组合说句子，看谁说得又多又准确!IU人物产事件地点0时间MikePlay Tai ChiClass

2、roomYesterday morningStudentsPlay the guitarHomeEvery Friday afternoonIHave lunchFamilyMartOn MondayGrandpaHave English ClassParkAt 9:00 amKEYS :（可自由组合）1. Mike always has lunch at FamilyMart on Monday.2. Grandpa played Tai Chi at park yesterday morning.3. Students are having Englsih Class in the cla

3、ssroom at 9:00 am.4. I play the guitar at home every Friday afternoon.思考：什么是主谓一致？“Five bottles of water qm notenough to quench our thirst.""One boTTle of water is notenough to quench our thrrsf.*plural?iubjpct/ singular verb?Singular教学建议：建议老师可以引导学生自己总结主谓一致的语法点，并且以知识模块或框架的形式对知识点进行讲解，以 便学生能更

4、清晰的学习主谓一致。【知识梳理1】基本概念:主谓一致指 人称“和 数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法致原贝U(grammatical concord) 意义致原贝U (notional concord) 就近原贝U (principle of proximity)。主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。【知识梳理2】主谓一致三原则:三原则”语法一致单单复复意义一致形单意复复PeoplePolice形复意单单News; politicsPhysics; math

5、sNot only but alsoNeither nor; either orThere be 句型20 / 19I.语法一致原则1)当and或bothand连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Tom and Mike are from the U.S.A.Both Lucy and Lily are students.注意： “A and B指同一个人/物时(即只用一个冠词)谓语动词用单数形式 The scholar and musician visits our school every year.VS. The scholar and the musician visit

6、our school every year.Bread and butter(=Buttered bread) is my son' s favour.VS. Both bread and butter are the necessaries of life.(两种食物) 如果名词由every, each, no来修饰，即便结构上用and连接表示并列，谓语动词用单数形式。Every girl and every boy likes football.Each member and each waiter of the club is satisfied with the behavio

7、r of the boss.【巩固练习】基础题：1. She and Iclassmates when we were at college.A. amB.wasC. are D.were2. Both Tom and Mary the examA. has passedB.have been passedC. have passed D.had passed3. The singer and dancerour party this evening.A. is to attendB.are going to attendC. shall be attended D.were to atten

8、d提高题：1) Every door and every windowto be cleaned.A. isB. areC. doD. does2. Each of the girls here _to the West Lake twice.A. have goneB. have beenC. has goneD. has been3. One of my friends_moved to America. I miss her so much.A. hasB. haveC. isD. areKEYS: DCA BDA2) 不定代词如 either, neither, each one, t

9、he other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Is there anything wrong with your watch? No, there isn't.Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.Neither of the girls likes football.注意： none (of)作主

10、语时谓语动词用单数形式。“no珞词”作主语时谓语动词单复数由名词决定。None of the people here is a farmer.No student is to leave the classroom during the class.No strangers are found within 20 meters of the science lab.【巩固练习】基础题：1. To say something one thing; to do it another.A. is. areB. are. isC. is. isD. are. are2. Either of the b

11、ooks mine.A. belong toB. is ofC. isD. are3. No oneswimming in such bad weather.A. likeB. likesC. likingD. liked提高题：1.was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the studentsB. Both the students and the teacherC. Neither the teacher not the studentsD. Not the students but the teacher2. Something wrong with my T

12、V set.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are3. The movie is very boring.of us wants to go to see it again.A. NeitherB. BothC. AllD. SomeKEYS : CCB DCA3) A+ as well as/as much as/no less than/along with/with/like/rather than/but/except/besides/including/ in addition to+ B 时，表示复数意义，但谓语动词单复数只由A的单复数形式决定。The teacher w

13、ith her students was excited after the match.Nobody but Sam and Mike was in the classroom.Mr. Green together with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.My parents as well as I are interested in action movies.【巩固练习】 基础题：1. Not the students but the teacherthere just nowA. was seenB. were see

14、nC. have seen D. has seen2. Nobody but Smith and Johnin the lab yesterday.A. areB. had beenC. wereD. was3. Mary, along with her parents, to Paris.A. have movedB. has movedC. are movingD. have been moving4. The factory, including its machines,burnt last night.A. wereB. had beenC. wasD. has been提高题:1.

15、 His parents as well as heA. isB. arevery kind to me.C. do2. No one except two studentsthe meeting.A. has been late for B. have been late for3. All but him and me to the exhibition.C. was late forA. am goingB. is goingC. are goingD. doesD. were late forD. was going4. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8

16、boys of her class,visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had been D. would beKEYS : ACBC BCCA4）有的词组既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，如a lot of, lots of, plenty of,谓语动词单复数由名词决定，但是amounts of, quantities of无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。Plenty of water on the earth is sea water.Amounts of water are u

17、sed to water flowers.Lots of people have been there.注意：a number of大量的" VS. the number of"的数量"A number of trees were cut down.The number of the students in our class is 32.5）分数或百分数十名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用 单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。Two thirds of the furniture was designed

18、 and made in Japan.70% of the students agree with what their class teacher said just now.【例题精讲】例 1. Thereplenty of rain in this area every year. (be)例 2. A lot of peopleswimming in the river at the moment. (be)例 3. The number of students in this school(be) about 800.例 4. Two fifths of the apple(eat)

19、 up by the mouse already.KEYS : 1.is 2. Are 3.is 4.has been eaten【巩固练习】基础题：1. A number of their products put on exhibition.A. has beenB. isC. have been D. are2. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth sea.A. isB. areC. wereD. has been提高题：1. Thirty percent of the work today.A. has finishedB. has b

20、een finishedC. have finished D. have been finished2. The number of books in the bookshop is 10,000 and a number of them about science.A. isB. wasC. areD. were3. A number of cars in front of the parkA. is parkedB. was parkedC. are parked D. have parkedKEYS : 1.D2.A 1.B 2.C 3.C6)主语由more than one 或many

21、 a 修饰，虽然表示复数意义，但主语中心语是名词单数，所以谓语 动词用单数形式。More than one house has been damaged in the hurricane.Many a student has taken part in the voluntary work so far.注意： “more than two修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。More than two houses have been damaged in the hurricane.7)由"a pair/piece/kind/series复数f司”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pai

22、rs/pieces/kinds/series.+ of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.Fifty pairs of shoes are made each day.注意：当 clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves.单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。My glasses were broken so I had to buy a new one.Red shoes belong to Alice while blue pants are mine

23、.【例题精讲】例 1. Three glasses of milk （be） enough for us.例 2. This pair of trouserstoo long for me. Please show me another.A. areB. wereC. isD. wasKEYS:1.is 2.C【巩固练习】基础题：1. This pair of trousers my sister. My trousers.A. is belonged to; is being washedB. belongs to; are being washedC. belong to; is wash

24、edD. are belonging to; has been washed2. Many a worker that mistake before.A. has madeB. have madeC. has been made D. had made提高题：D. had givenD. has been realized1. More than one answerto the question.A. have been given B. has been given C. were given2. Many a studentthe importance of learning a for

25、eign language.A. have realized B. has realizedC. have been realizedKEYS: BA AB8）动词不定式（to do）、动名词（v.-ing）、从句（What）作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。但 what 引导的从句作主语，其表示的含义是复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。To see is to believe.眼见为实。Reading is capable of helping us experience something that happens in others' lives.What you want to k

26、now is not allowed to be mentioned.What he wants are a number of story books.【巩固练习】基础题：1. What they neededexperienced English teachers.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. Laying eggsthe ant queen's full-time job.A.isB. areC. hasD. have3. When and where this took placestill unknown.A. areB. wereC.isD. has

27、4. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it a mystery to us.A. has been remained B. have been remained C. remainD. remains提高题：1. To know merely the main facts enough.A. areB. beC. beingD. is2. What caused the accident on the road.A. were stoneB. were stonesC. was stoneD. was stones3.

28、Early to bed and early to rise a man healthy, happy and wise.A. makingB. to makeC. makeD. makes4. What they have done of great use to us. What he says and what he does agree.A. is; notB. is; do notC. are; does notD. are; notKEYS: BACD DBDBII.意义一致原则1）集体名词a.常作复数的集体名词crowd, people, police, cattle 等，常作复

29、数，随后的动词用复数形式；The police are helping a girl find her parents. People there are living a happy life.b.既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词family, team, group, class, audience, government, public 等。如将各该名词所表示的名词视为一个整体，则动词用单数。My family are going on vacation next month.VS. My family is a small one with three people.The govern

30、ment is doing its best to increase productionVS. The government have discussed the matter for a long time but they have n' t made a decision yet.The football team is being recognized.VS. The football team are having baths and then coming back here foe tea.【巩固练习】基础题：1. My family wonderful. They d

31、o all they can for me.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. The football team baths now.A. hasB. is havingC. are havingD. have提高题：1. The police on the track of the criminals.A. areB. isC. has beenD. are being2. The whole classgreatly moved at his words.A. wasB. wereC. hadD.is3. My family as well as Iglad to se

32、e you.A.amB. areC.isD. wasKEYS : BC ABB2) 形复意单的名词news 等和些学科名词maths (mathematics), physics, politics, economics , 表达单数含义，谓语动词用单数形式。Physics is an important subject in middle schools.Mathematics is the study of numbers.The news lasts about one hour.3）某些单复数同形的名词headquarters （总部），means （方法、手段）,series （系列

33、）,species （种类）,works （工厂）,Chinese, Japanese, sheep, dear作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要依据主语的意义来决定。A headquarter was set up to direct the operation.VS. Their headquarters are in Paris.The only means to achieve success is to use weapons.VS. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.A new spec

34、ies of mammal has been found.VS. Altogether about 450 species of flatfish are known.【巩固练习】基础题：1. The New York Timesa wide circulation.A. isB. hasC. areD.have2. His maths A. is_weak.B. haveC. hasD.are3. Every means A. hastried to improve teaching and learning.B. has beenC. haveD.were4. The Chinese A.

35、 isbrave and hard-working.B. wasC. has beenD.are5. The Chinese peopleA. isbrave and hard-working one.B. wasC. have beenD.were6. The United NationsA. were foundin 1945.B. were founded C. was foundedD.was found提高题：1. Deerfaster than dogs.A. runB. runsC. are runningD.will run2. Politics A. areone of th

36、e subjects that I study.B. isC. wereD.was3. American and Dutch beer both much lighter than British.A. areB. isC. wereD. was4. The gas works near the city.A. isB. areC. wereD. be5. The news at six o ' clock not true. Those pieces of news to be broadcasted.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is6

37、. The population of the earthincreasing fast. One third of the population hereworkers.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; areKEYS: BABDAC BBABCA4）表示段时间”、笔钱”、乙段距离”、个数量”和 0块面积”的复数名词作主语，看作一个整 体，谓语动词用单数动词形式；表示若干个个别的单位（一个一个计算，总数超过一个）时，谓语动词用复数 形式。Six months is too short a time to learn a language well.Th

38、e banker thought that six million was not too much to invest in business.Three miles was too long a distance for him to run.Five hours is needed to complete the work here.There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.5)“the形容词”如the old/young/rich/poor泛指一类人时，代表复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。【巩固练习】基础题：1.

39、Twenty years(pass) since he left his hometown.2. Ten dollars(be) not enough for me to buy a skirt.3. The young(play) video games a lot on Sundays.KEYS: 1.has passed 2.is 3.play提高题：1. Twenty miles (be) a long way to walk.2. The wounded(take) good care of here now.3. The Smiths(have) gone to Paris for

40、 a holiday.KEYS : 1.is 2.are being taken 3.haveIII.就近一致原则1) or, either or，neither nor，not only连蛾Olso语,谓语动词的单复数取决于离谓语较近的主语。Not only Tom but also Mary and Helen are from America. The students or their teacher likes the new classroom.2) there be, here be句型中，遵循就近原则。 There is a book and two pens on the d

41、esk. There are two pens and a book on the desk.【巩固练习】基础题：1. There a desk, a bed and some chairs in the room.A. haveB. hasC. areD. is2. Neither Jane nor her brothers a consent form for tomorrow ' s field trip.A. needB. needsC. is needingD. has need.3. In the room a big table and a great many chai

42、rsA. has findB. is foundC. were found D. have found4. There not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.A. areB. wereC. isD. was5. Here one or two things that have to mention.A. isB. areC. hasD. have6. Either your teacher or you mistaken.A. areB. isC. hasD. be提高题：1. Not only

43、I but also Tom and Mary fond of watching television.A. amB. isC. areD. will2. There a computer, a fax machine and a couple of photos on the desk.A. haveB. hasC. areD. is3. The museum he paid a visit to at the end of the street.A. is standingB. standC. standsD. lay4. Either you or Iable to attend the

44、 lecture.A. isB. amC. has beenD. are to be5. Neither Mary nor her sisterthe party.A. has been toB. are going toC. was going to go toD. have been to6. I didn ' t know whether some English novels or an English dictionary.A. areB. were wanted C. was wanted D. will be wantedKEYS: DACCBA CDCBAC教学建议：1

45、 .规定学生必须在 8分钟内完成；2 .相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；3 .做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；4 .让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。 基础题：I. Choose the best answer.1. Asia as well as other continents very rich natural resources.A. has B. have C. are D. is2. What they have done useful to the people.A. are consideredB. is consideredC. have been consid

46、ered D. will be considered3. Those who have applied for the post in the office.A. are being interviewed B. will interviewC. are interviewedD. to be interviewed4. The audience, as well as the chairman,deeply moved by the speech gived by the teacher.A. wasB. wereC. areD. is5. Writing stories and poems

47、 what I enjoy most.A. isB. areC. wasD. were6. Not only the children but also their father to see the film.A. are fond ofB. enjoysC. likesD. goes in for7. Here a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.A. are B. were C. was D. is8. Not only my younger sister but also my brothers swimming.A. like

48、B. likes C. has liked D. have liked9. The hotel staff very polite and Helpful.A. amB. isC. areD. being10. No one but his parents how naughty he is.A. knowB. knowsC. knewD. is knownKEYS: 1-5 ABABA 6-10. CDACB11. Fill in the blanks with proper words.When Chinese people find out that someone comes from

49、 London, they often say, "London is a foggy city, isn't it?" British people who visit China often have to say that London is not a foggy city at all! In fact, London u 1 to be a foggy city, but it isn't any more.In London, lots of its pollution came from factories, but a lot of it

50、came from coal （煤）because people burned it in their houses to keep w 2 during the winter. By the 1950s, London's air pollution had become so bad that the government decided to do something to clean up the air. A new rule was made. It said that n 3 was allowed to burn coal in any British city. Ju

51、st a few years later, the air became much cleaner.Now many Chinese cities meet the same kind of p 4 with air pollution that London met forty or fifty years ago. However, it is more d 5for Chinese cities to solve it. First, more of the pollution comes frombig factories than from coal that people use

52、in their houses. If these factories are suddenly c 6, lots of people will lose their jobs. Second, cleaner fuels are quite expensive. However, the air in many cities is already s 7 becoming cleaner, because the government and ordinary people are trying to make pollution less.KEYS : 1. used 2. warm 3

53、. nobody 4. problem 5. difficult 6. closed 7. slowly111. Answer the questionsMost people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said,“ Happiness depends upon ourselvimake our own happiness. Here are a

54、few suggestions to help you be happier.The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the futurefor example, getting into college or getting a good job that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life ' s simple pleasu

55、ucesas reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthier lives.Another secret to living a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time. Many people

56、 experience this dancing, or playing a sport, such as swimming. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity. Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier, do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her stud