定语从句及练习

1、定语从句的概念在复合句中， 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that ，which , who （宾格 whom , 所有格 whose ） 等，关系畐寸词包括 where , when , why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用， 同时又作 定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系， 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定 语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词， 主句与从句不用逗号分开， 从句不可

2、省去， 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开， 起补充说明作用， 如省去， 意思 仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时 不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 （ that 作主语） The coat （ that） I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（ that 作宾语）2. which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。 例如：The build

3、ing which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站 附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （ which ） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那 部电影很好看。（作宾语）3. who， whom 用于指人， who 用作主语， whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有 时可用 who 代替 whom ，也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方 面帮助我的

4、那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher （ whom ） Li Ming is talking to ？正在与李明谈话的老师 是谁？（作宾语）注意：（ 1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that ， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词 +which/whom ”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁 那借的这本英文

5、小说。（ 2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。 例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后 面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用 that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容 词最高级时，只能用 that ，而不用 which. 例如：He was the first pe

6、rson that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much , many , everything , anything , none , the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop ？你在商店里有什么东西要买 吗？c. 先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修 饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This i

7、s the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which. 例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying ？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f. 主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用whi

8、ch.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用 which ，而不用 that 的情况：a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：What's that which is under the desk ？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用 which ， 而不用 th

9、at. 例如：Tom came back ， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for scho

10、ol. 没人知道他为什么 上学总迟到。单项填空。1. -Do you know the man is talking with your father ？-Yes， he's our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river I can swim ？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend

11、me the dictionary the other day ？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man co

12、at is black is waiting at the gateA. who 's B. whose C. that of which.8. The girl is reading under the tree my sister.A. which ； is B. whom ； was C. who ； is D. who ； was9. I love places the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world is made up of matter.A. in that

13、we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live inn .用适当的关系代词that, which , who , whom填空。1. The first thing you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day is called April Fool's Day in the west.3. The family had lost everything in a big fire got much help from theirfriends.4. The

14、 house we live in is very old.5. Didn't you see the man I talked with just now ？参考答案：I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCDn . 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that用适当的 关系词填空：1. I still remember the night I first came to the house.2. I'll never forget the day we met each o

15、ther last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days I spent with your family.5. I'll never forget the last day we spent together.6. This is the school I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place we visited last week?8. Do you

16、 still remember the place we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai, live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing, is the capital of China.13. There was a time the

17、re were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street I met John yesterday .16. It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hourhand was made.17. The moment I saw you, I recognized( 认出 )you.18. This is the very novel about we'

18、;ve talked so much.19. This is the way he did it.20. Who is the student was late for school today?21. Who knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother you didn't like?23. He lives in the room window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window faces to the south.25. This is Mr.