初中英语中考总复习资料(人教版热点训练)

1、初中英语总复习资料八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五种时态 包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出 现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.现以冠词为例：1. John was given orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost justnow.A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the2. Theres old tree near house. A. a, an B. an, the C. a

2、, theD. the, a3. There is 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,theD.a,the4. good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a5. bad weather!l hope it wont last long. A.How B.What C.What aD.How a6. they are listening to the teacher!A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.W

3、hat carefully由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓 语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一不在考查 之列。所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论，分层展示难易 对比，系统归纳。对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形 式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,hedecided to spend

4、 a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch timecame on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆 )of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(月艮务员 )(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tie

5、d(系 )his table cloth round his (7).The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),MGood morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?1. A.lent B. made C. paid D. gave2. A. Duri

6、ng B. Though C. When D. Because3. A. for B. with C. on D. in4. A. wanted B. put C. showed D. brought5. A. looked at B. watched C. saw D. found6. A. look B. rest C. table cloth D. surprise7. A. arm B. neck C. hand D. head8. A. ask B. tell C. taught D. told9. A. cant B. dont C. wont D. mustnt10. A. fr

7、iendly B. tired C.sad D.ter要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。对此，考生必须 通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语 法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，the sense of word”是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它与情景的关 系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰 当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同

8、时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。 最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进行分 析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。词汇(一)这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词 关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a1 .复数的构成方法：(1) 一般在复数名词后加s,如：dog-dogso以s x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如：watch-watches 。 以辅音

9、字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es,如：country-countries 。请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s o如：monkey-monkeys o（4）以o结尾的名词，只有potato（ 土豆），tomato（西红柿）加es构成复数。 以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es,如：knife-knives 。2 .单复数形式相同的词：sheep-sheep , fish-fishChinese-Chinese ,Japanese-Japanese3 .特殊变化的单词有：（1）tooth-teeth , foot-feeth（2）man-men , woman-women

10、, policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen请区别：Germa n（德国人）Germa ns （3）child - childre n4 .常以复数形式出现的名词：people。、），clothes依服），trousers（裤子）glasses（眼镜），这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are（be） newer than yours.5 .有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。女口： news（消息），maths（数学），physics（物理）No news is go

11、od news.6 .可用 how many, many, a few , few, a lot of , lots of , some, any 等来修饰可数名词 复数。 How many are there in your pencil-box?（knife）不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water, rice , fish , meat,等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2 .不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Somebread over there.（be

12、）3 .常用 how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。4 .常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不力口 s,而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples例： 1、These two pieces of bread over there.（be）2、 Could I have three,please ?A.piece of bread

13、 B.piece of breads C.piecesof bread D.pieces ofbreads名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“七”女口： Ton”Tom上译为的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后力口 “ ”即可。如：TeachersDay , twoweeksholiday ,而不以S结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加I。如：Childrens Day关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点:1 .可用名词所有格表示地点。如：myaunfs 我姑姑家。go to the doctors去医生家。2 .表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加七3 .掌握词组：a girl of fi

14、ve 一个五岁的女孩如：Lucy and Lilysa friend of mineeg;The white shirt isand blue one is . A、Kate, my B. Kates,露西和莉莉的我的一个朋友mine C. Kate,mine D.Katefs5my、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the2 .不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，女口:an hour,an English car.请区别:a useful machine3 .指上文提到过的人或物，用

15、定冠词the4 .在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth5 .定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,thebest ,in the south6 .在复数姓氏前加the,表示xx 一家人，常看成复数。如： The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.7 .在介词短语中常用定冠词the ,如：in the box ,behind the chair8 .特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、

16、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer,in August请区别：in the spring of 1945.( 这里表示特指，故加the)(2) 一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中,如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of在前面in the hospital在医院里in the fro nt of 在范围内的前部 in hospital （ 生病）住院 练习:Theres 800-metre-

17、long road behind hospital.A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：1,2,3 特殊记，加 th 从 4 起(first,second,third,fourth)8 少 t, 9 去 e,千万别忘记(eighth,ninth)逢 5逢 12, ve 变 f (fifth,twelfth)20至ij 90, y要变ie (twentieth,ninet

18、ieth)若是几十几，前基后 序别倒位(ninety-first)2 . hundred,thousand,million在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundredpeople.只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式。hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的thousands of数以千计的，成千上万的 millions of 数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。3 .序数词常与定冠词the连用。练习： Henry has learned eight French words this year. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.

19、hundreds of The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。顺读法(钟点+分钟)如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five to five4:15 four fifteen倒读法(分钟 + to / past + 钟点) 如：4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past four/ a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/ a quarter练习题1 .At the

20、beginning of the (twenty) century,the worlds population was about 1700 million.2. Are these(watch)yours? Yes.3. You dont look well.Youd better go to the(doctor) at once.4. Would you give me please?A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers5. There are threeand sev

21、en in the picture.A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps6. A lot of are talking with two .A.Germans3Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen7. June 1 is . A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens Day C.Childrens Day0.Childrens Day8. people went out

22、 to see what had happened.A.Thousands of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands9. We have been in the school for .A.three and a half month B.three and a half monthsC.three month and a half D.three months and half10. English is useful language. A.A, an B/ aC.The, an D. A, /11. John was gi

23、ven orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost justnow.A.an,a B.a,the C.the5a D.an,the12.Theresold tree near house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,theD.the,a13.There is800-metre-longroad behind hospital.A.an,anB.a,a C.an,the D.a,the四.代词人称代词：怆：单数I you宾格：单数 me、 you、 him、 her ithe复数she、 it 复数 we、you、 theyus、you

24、、them物主代词：形容词性my、your、 his 、herits、 our、 your、 their名词性 mine 、 yours、hishers、its、 ours、yours、 theirs反身代词：myself 、yourself 、himself yourselves、 themselvesherself itself、ourselves1 .形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表 语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。2 .注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。这里 ours=our books）如口： （1） These boo

25、ks arent ours. Ours are new.（2） This is not our room. Ours is over there.（这里 ours=our room）3 .”of+名词性物主代词”表示所属 如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹a friend of mine 我的一个朋友4 .人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。如：You, she and Iall enjoy the music.5 .关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time （过得很愉快）by oneself=a

26、lone （单独、独自）help on eselfto （随便吃 /喝 些 ）lear n sth. by on eself =teachoneself sth.（自学）练习题1. -Whose trousers are these? - , I think.A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them2. Nobody taught English. He taught. A.him, himself B.his, himselfC.him, by himself D.his, his（二）修饰可数名词many few表否定意义a few表肯定意义 修饰不数名词much li

27、ttle表否定意义 a little表肯定意义few和little与quite或0nly连用时，常加不定冠词a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.=用 little, a little, few, a few填空：1.1 often stay at home because I have friends here.2. Jim,dorTt go and get some water. There is water in the glass.3. Though he learned French only weeks. He can

28、 speak very well.4. Lily had bread because she was hungry yesterday.（三）不定代词：something, anything, nothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：something newTheres in todays newspaper. 中考题0.something important（四）另外，还要注意代词 some, every, all, both, either, anotherA.important anythingB.important somethingC.anything impor

29、tantl.some （一些，某）一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。any （任 何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples?2. every +单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语，形式上为单数。each “每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。如:Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has

30、 a nice skirt.Every child likes playing games.3. all “（全部）都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行 为动词 之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）4. both “（两者）都”，作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。Hther 两者中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时，后跟名词单

31、数。ne此er （两者）都不”，含有否定意义，用法同either o如口： They both swim well. = Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beiji ng next week. Neither an swer is right.5. another +单数名词，“另一个”one -the other “一，个，另一个”the o

32、ther +复数名词=the others 其他的人或物”（指确定范围内剩下的全部）others “别人”（五）疑问代词 5 个 “ wh” ,即 who, whose, whom, what, which这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问,常用which.例女口 ： I like the red shirt.do you like ?练习：一、根据所给单词的适当形式填空，使句意通顺，语法完整6. Can you come with us ?(we)7. These skirts are hers . Yours are over there.(s

33、he)8. Please take care of yourselves , boys and girls.(you)9. I dont think this is my frisby, though it looks likemine .(I)10. Look at those books. Are they yours?(that)二、根据方予母填空11. Is there any thing in teresti ng in the n ewspaper?12. She asked us to help each other.13. The old man can neither rea

34、d nor write.14. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.15. Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.二、庇义句转换16. A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.8: The childre n enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday.17. A: He does nft like mutt on, and she does nt, either.8: Neither h

35、e nor she likes mutt on.18. A: All the American people dont like sandwiches.8: Not all the America n people like san dwiches.19. A: They dont often hear the twins sing the song in the school.8: Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in theschool.ZK)四、单-项选择(C)20 -Can you speak Chinese,

36、Peter?-Yes, but only . A. little B. few C. a little D. a few(A)21 -Do you like Janes new skirt?-Yes, very much. Ill ask mum to buy for me.A. one B. it C. the other D. a(B)22、The color of her skirt is different from of mine.A. one B. that C. it D. this(8) 23、Students are usually interested in sports.

37、 Some like running, some like swim ming. like ball games.A. the others B. others C. the other D. other(A) 24、-Ill give the boys to e- Oh, I know, fish and chips.A. someth ing En glish B. En glish someth ingC. anything En glish D. En glishanything (D)25 -Shall I help you with the heavy box?- No, tha

38、nks, I can do it. A. me B. my C. mi ne D. myself(D)26 -What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00?- I dont mind. time is OK.A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either (C) 27-My bag is full, what about ? - is full, too.A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She(D) 28-Ive had enough bread,

39、 Would you like ? -No, tha nks.A. a few more B. one more C. ano ther more D. some more(A)29、 There are many trees on Odes of the river.A. both B. either C. neither D. each(A) 1 He has two bikes, one is new, is old.A. the other B. other C. the others D. others(C)2 Without the sun, could grow in the w

40、orld.A. anything B. someth ing C. nothing D. everyth ing(B) 3、 of them is going to play basketball with you this after noon.A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both(B)4、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like?-Look! This is a picture of.A. it B. one C. two D. some(8) 5、There are not many pears here, but y

41、ou can take if you want to.A. few B. a few C. a little D. little二、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级： 比较，更一些最高级：最(A) 1.构成：(规则情况)情况变化方法例词单音节词和少数双音节词：一般情况力口 er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest以字母 e 结尾 力口 r, st nice-nicer-nicest重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest以辅音字母力口 y结尾 变y为i力口 er, est early-earl

42、ier-earliest音B分双音节和多音节词 在词前力口 more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly2.不规贝ij 变化，须熟i己：good/well-better-bestmany/much-more-mostfar-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least(B)常见的使用情况1. asas和样(中间用原级)2. not as(so)as和不一样(中间用原级)3than比(用比较级)4 .有范围修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的eg. (1) Win

43、 ter is the coldest seas on of the year.(2) This is the best film that I haveever seen .5 .比较级 +and+比较级 意为越来越.eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful6 . The+比较级，the+比较级 越就越eg:The more, the better.越多越好(C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。2.可用 much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常

44、用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D)掌握三种同义句转换：1. He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class.2. This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isnt as interesting as that one.=That film is more in

45、teresting than this one.2.1 prefer maths to English. =l like maths better than English.Which do you like , fish, meat eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握： 1 .形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。2 .副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词 例如;She is old enough to

46、go to school.她够上学的年龄了。3 .区别几组易混淆的副词：也t。用于肯定、疑问句also较为正式书面语either用于否定句 已经 already常用于肯定句、疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句不再no (not any) longer 从时间上讲no (not any) more从动作上讲如此这样such修饰名词eg: such a big boxso修饰形容词、副词eg: so big单独、独自alone作表语=by oneself孤独的 lonely 可作表语、定语 eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing over there.

47、 (happy)练习题1 .The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake._ are climbing the MLA.Others B. Other C. Another D.The other2 .There isnt in toda/s newspaper.A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important3 . -Whose watch is this,

48、Mary? Is it your sisters?-No,Mum. Its not. IVs . A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hersD.hers, mine4.The Changjiang River is the third river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest5. An elephant is than a horse.A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong6. Which

49、do you like, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D.Best一、介词1. 与形容词搭配的词组有：be afraid of （怕）be angry with （生某人的气）be away from （不在某地）be differe nt from （与不同）be good at （善于）be good/ bad for （对有益/有害）beinterested in （对感兴趣）be late for （迟到）be/get ready for （为作好准备）be sure of （对 有把握） be worried about

50、 （为感到担忧）2 .介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词ing形式1） You must take good care of her. 2） Thank you for teaching us so well.3 .几组易混淆的介词A. “在之后” in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时）after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如： The baby stopped crying after half an hour.The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teache

51、r after Friday.B . for + 一段时间since +过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续 向同学们讲解。C. be made of ” 用制成“ be made in 由某地制造 be made by somebody 由 某人制成”D. in, on, at 表时间 in “在某月（季节、年）等 eg:in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组:in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the endon”用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等”eg:

52、on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16at ”用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”固定词组： at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month,at the same time注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有:next, last, this, that, tomorrow,

53、 yesterday, one, every, all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow 前不用 介词。如：不能说in tomorrow ,只能说tomorrow在 明天E. except +宾格/doing something 除,之外”（不包括本身）Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.（同义句转换）=Only Lin Tao isnt atschool today.F .“用”通过交通工具by plane用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the

54、telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with ones handsG. between 在和 （两者）之间”between.and., between the two. among在之间 （三者或三者以上）eg.Sue spent over two hours her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.withC.at D.over二连词1 .并列连词bothand既又谓语用复数动词neithernor既不也不含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。either

55、or或者或者”不是就是”and “和”连接两个并列成分，连接谓语时，两个动词时态应一致。but “但是”表转折，不能与 though同时出现在句中。or 或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用or,而不用and。Eg: I have brothers and sisters.（否）I dont have brothers or sisters.=I have no brothers and nosisters.2 引导宾语从句的连词陈述句：that可省略一般疑问句：if /whether是否 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词3 .引导原因状从的有：because （不能与so同时出现在句中）4 引导时间状

56、语从句的连词：A. when （当时候），as soon as-* （就）,notuntil （直到才），after （在之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。Eg:1 wont leave un til he comes back.B. since （自从以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Eg :We have nt met each other since she left here last year.C. while（当时候，一边一边）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.5 引导条件状语从句的连词：if“如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if “是否”相当于whether,引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确/Eeg:1） I d