定语从句学习难点例析

1、定语从句学习难点例析宜城一中英语组陈春香一、如何选用关系代词/关系副词？1. The city that/ which lies in the cen ter of Hubei Province has a large population.(作主语，指物)The city (that/ which )you described to me yesterday has a large populati on.( 作宾 语，可省略，指物)The city where/in which I was brought up has a large population.(作地点状语)The city

2、whose population is the largest in China lies in the east.(作定语，指某物ve forgotte n the exact dawhe n/ on which he gave me the film copy.(作时间状的)2. I '语)I ' ve forgotten theexact day( that/ which) he fixed for me to have the operation.(作宾语，可省略，指物)3. The reason( that/ which) he gave us was hard to

3、 accept.(作宾语，可省略，指物)The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus.( 作原因状语) 选用关系代词还是关系副词，不仅仅要看先行词表示什么意义，更重要的是一'定要看先行词在后面的定语从句中充当什么成份。若作主语、宾语、表语就用关系代 词(that, which, who, whom ,whose, as)。若作时间、地点、原因状语就用关系副词(whe n, where, why) 。二、关系代词that引导定语从句时的“六用，三不用”原则1. 六用原则等或先(1) 先行词为 e

4、verything, anything, nothing, something, all, few, little, much 行词被 all, every, any, no, little, much 修饰时。All that can be done has bee n done.You can take any book that you like.(2) 先行词为形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book that I have ever read.(3) 先行词为序数词或先行词被序数词修饰时。This is the first time tha

5、t I have heard of it.The last place that we visited was the Great Wall.(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the right等修饰时。This is the very watch that I lost the other day.注意：以上(2) (3)( 4)若先行词指人，也可用 who, whom,但常用that.You are the only pers on that/ who can help me.(5) 先行词包括人和物两者时。They talked about the pers on

6、s and the thi ngs that they remembered in the school.(6) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the pers on that is sta nding at the gate?Which of us that knows someth ing about physics does not know this?2. 三不用原则(1)先行词是-one或-body构成的复合不定代词时，不能用 that,而用who或whom.Is there an ybody else who should be in vited?（

7、2）关系代词前有介词时，不能用that,而用which或whom.Here is the car about which I told you.Who is the man with whom you just shook han ds?（3）在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that.I have lost my pen, which I like very much.I have two sisters, who are both high school stude nts.三、需要弄清楚的几个问题1. 有无并列连词影响句子的结构He has two sons, both of whom are

8、 college stude nts.He has two sons, and both of them are college students.2. 有无定冠词影响定语从句的结构Is this the boy （ that/_whom/_who_） you want to talk to?Is this boy the one you want to talk to?3. 标点符号的形式也影响句子的结构Entering the room, I found a note on the table,which read, “I ' ve left for Harbin.En teri

9、ng the room, I found a note on the table.上 read, " I' ve left for Harb in.4. 强调句还是定语从句？It was in the museum （ that / which ） we visited yesterday that I got to know the famous pers on.Where did you find your wallet?It was in the cinema where I saw the film （ that I found my wallet ）.It was

10、on September 11,2001 that the World Trade Cen ter in New York was attacked.（强调句）It was in Wuha n that Jill met the three- year-old girl and adopted her.（强调句）简单的判断方法：禾U用强调句的还原性，即去掉 it was/isthat之后剩余部 分依然是一个完整的句子，则是强调句。5. 主语从句还是定语从句？ |Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（ 主语从句）An

11、yone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（定语从句）Those who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.（定语从句）6. 同位语从句还是定语从句？Galileo collected the fact that / which proved the earth and all the other pla netsmove around the sun.（ 定语从句）Galileo discovered the fact that the earth an

12、d all the other pla nets move around the sun.（同位语从句）简单的辨别方法：看that在后面的从句中是否充当成份。若充当主语、宾语或 表语，就是定语从句；若不充当任何成份，无意义，就是同位语从句。7. 结果状语从句还是定语从句？He gave us so easy a problem as every one could work out.（ 定语从句）He gave us so easy a problem that every one could work it out.（状语从句）He gave us such an easy problem

13、that every one could work it out.（状语从句）简单的辨别方法如上。8. 关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句I want to buy such a n electro nic dictio nary as you bought last week.（ 作宾语）They do the same work as_we （do）.（作宾语）I received as nice a gift as my mother promised.（ 作宾语）I have n ever see n such k ind of people as they are.（ 作表语）I ca

14、n read as_ma ny pages as_are required.（ 作主语）9. 关系代词a匸作“正如”讲导非限制性定语从句，可放句首或句末，指代上文或下文的整个句子，从句的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, men ti on, report,announce 等。As is reported, talks betwee n the two coun tries are mak ing progress.A big earthquake occurred in Xinjia ng last ni ght,as was reported on TV.注意区别

15、：It is reported that talks between the two countries are making progress. 又如：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as is often the case, as might be imag in ed, as might be expected（ 预料）,as has bee n poin ted out, as has bee n said before/ above; as （it） ofte n happe ns.注意：as在句中作主语时，常用被

16、动式；而 which在从句中作主语时，常用主 动式。which引导非限制性定语从句，放在主句之后，代指上文的事，常译作“这 一点，这，那，其，之”等。Nels on Man dela was gen erous with his time, for which I was grateful.He passed the college-e ntrance exam, which made his pare nts very happy.10. 两个定语从句the same that与-the same as有何区别？This is the same key that （ 同一个.）I lost

17、yesterday. Thanks a lot.This is the same key as£ 类似的.）I lost yesterday. Thank you all the same.11. 当先行词是the way时,若在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语就用关系代词that /which.若作方式状语就用that / in which / - 三种方式。This is the on ly way（ that ） you can use to solve the problem.（作宾语）I don ' t like the wa：hat / in which / - yo

18、u speak to me.（作方式状语）12. whose与which和whom的转换.whose指某人的时可以解释为the+ n+ of whom。whose 指某物的，可以解释为 the+ n.+ of which 或者 of which +the +n.请看以下例句：He still lives in the room whose_door_faces to the east.He still lives in the room, of which the door / the door of which faces to the east.13. 关系副词与介词+which的转换th

19、As you know, July 28 is the day on which / when the Tangshan earthquake happened.The USA is a large country in which / where many differe nt dialects are spoke n. The reason for which / why he turned down the invitation to the party is not clear.I shall n ever forget those years duri ng which / whe

20、n we worked together. 注意：在介词之后只能使用关系代词 which （指事物）或者whom （指人），一定 不能使用that和who.14. 表示抽象地点的名词作先行词时，常用关系副词where ,如case, point, situation,position, stage, scene ， spot, condition, circumstances ，instances 等.Now you can see we ' ve come to the poiwthere a change is badly needed. Teachi ng is a job wh

21、ere you are doing someth ing serious but in teresti ng.时间.（09.北京）Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.15. 当先行词是 time, occasion, age, generation, period 等词时，常用关系畐寸词 when . This was a time when the two coun tries were at war.I can remember very few occasi ons wh

22、e n he had to can cel because of ill health.Occasi ons are quite rare whe n I have the time to spe nd a day with my kids. （08. 山东）We are liv ing in an age whe n the internet makes it very convenient for us to get any in formatio n we want.16. 定语从句中的主谓一致Tom is the only one of the boys who has bee n highly spoke n of in our class.Tom is one of the boys who have bee