1990年10月TOEFL语法讲解

1、1990 年 10 月语法题1. The significance of mythology within a culture is reflected in - , the amount oftime devoted to this activity, and the relevance of mythology to ceremonials.(A) Storytellers have prestige(B) The prestige of storytellers(C) Telling stories is prestigious(D) Prestige comes with storyt

2、elling答案： B测试点：介词宾语分析： 介词 in 后应接名词性成份，而答案中只有(B)是名词词组，可作介词宾语(A)(C)(D)均有动词出现2. Although - some textile products, it imports many as well.(A) the exports of the United States(B) exporting of the United States(C) exporter of the United States(D) the United States exports答案： D测试点：主谓结构分析： 连词 Although 应后接从

3、句，但此从句主、谓俱缺，应从答案中选择主语十动词的结构，即 (D) (A)(B)(C) 均有 of说明都是名词性结构，错3. Economic goods may take the form - of material things or of services.(A) either(B) because(C) as(D) or答案： A测试点； eitheror, 结构。分析： 后文 or 是关键词，应想到这是either,ofor 连用的结构。4. Ragtime is a kind of music - a strongly syncopated melody and a regular

4、ly accentedaccompaniment.(A) has(C) that has(D) it has答案： C测试点；定语从句分析： 空格后为从句修饰说明music (C)是正确的定语从句结构，其中关系代词that从句主语 (A) 无主语； (B) 重复从句主语；(D)不是从句形式解题要点： a kind of+ 名词的结构，后面常接that 从句作定语，说明这个名词的特点应在答案中先看以that 开头的形式兼作5. Historically, - chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and ston

5、ehave also been used.(A) It was the(B) That the(C) There was a(D) the答案： D测试点：冠词分析： 名词 material 前应有冠词the(A) 是形式主语it 的句型，但原句并无真正主语部分；(B)为从句； (C) 是 there be 句型，但原句主谓俱全，不适合此句型。4个答案中有一个是冠解题要点；空格后为完整的句子，应注意句首的名词前是否缺冠词词时，应首先考虑它6. All gases and most liquids and solids expand - heated.(A) in(B) how(C) when(

6、D) about答案： C测试点：省略句分析： heated 是过去分词，题要点；时间状语从句连接词when+分词，相当于省略的从句，即when(they are)heated 解when while 后面可直接加分词，省略了主语和系词 be7. Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, - or not.(A) whether the artist being aware of it(B) the artist is being aware whether(C) whether the artist is aware of it

7、(D) the artist is aware whether答案： C测试点： whetheror not 结构分析： whetheror not 是固定搭配看到关键词or not：应在答案中寻找以whether开头的结构，即 (A) 和 (C)。 (A)being 不是谓语动词形式错误。8. - often added to sauces and soups, is plentiful and relatively inexpensive.(A) Parsley, an herb that is(B) For parsley, an herb to be(C) An herb, parsl

8、ey is(D) Parsley, is that herb答案： A测试点；主语同位语分析： 系动词 be 前应为句子主语部分，但如果有逗号把主语部分与动词隔开，则说明主语后面接有修饰它的部分，即同位语或定语应在答案中选择名词 +逗号 +同位语定语的结构，即(A) 9. Emily Posts book Etiquette, - in 1922, was an immediate success.(A) published(B) was published(C) when it published(D) that it published答案： B测试点：习语分析： Similar to 是

9、固定短语，此形容词短语接在名词后作其定语10. Emily Posts book Etiquette, - in 1922, was an immediate success.(A) published(B) was published(C) when it published(D) that it published答案： A测试点；分词短语作后置定语。分析： 分词短语作定语置于其中心词后面，相当于省略了主语兼连接词和系词be 的定语从句， (that was)published这种分词后置定语即是考题中较常见的结构(A) 多了动词was；(C)是从句，如用被动态亦说得通(D)that 引导

10、的定语从句不能用逗号与主句隔开，且语态为主动，故不适合此句11.A majority of people in the United States can get all the calcium their bodies - from thefood they eat.(A) require(B) requires(C) requiring(D) to require答案： A测试点：谓语主谓数的一致分析： calcium 后面是省略了关系代词可能作谓语，但从句主语为复数的that 的定语从句，从句缺谓语动词。答案中(A)(B)bodies，故选复数形式的(A)。 (C)(D) 均为动词的非谓

11、语均形式12. - map dates back to about 3,000 B.C.(A) Known to be the oldest(B) It was the oldest known(C) Known as the oldest(D) The oldest known答案： D测试点：习语分析： the+形容词最高级+known 是固定说法，表示“己知的最, 的”，通常作定语空格后为完整的句子，主语前只需定语，故选(D) (B) 用了形式主语it,但句中并无真正主语that 从句或不定式13. The best way to control rats is by seeing th

12、at they have as - .(A) possibly little nourishment(B) nourishment possibly little(C) little as possible nourishment(D) little nourishment as possible答案： D测试点； as, as, 结构。分析： 以空格前的as 为线索，在答案中寻找含有另外那个as 的结构，即 (C) 、 (D) (C) 形容词和它所修饰的名词之间不应插入其他成份；(D) 正确14. The small greenish flowers of the American elm

13、tree appear in the spring, - .(A) is grown long before the leaves(B) long before the leaves grow(C) the leaves before growing long(D) the growth of leaves before long is答案： B测试点：状语从句 /习语分析： 所缺为说明时间的状语，应以before 开头；而短语long before 语法作用与同，但语意更强，故选(B)before 相15. In the years between 1937 and 1952, author

14、 Margaret Wise Brown -more than a hundredbooks but also wrote the lyrics for 21 childrens records.(A) not only produced(B) only not produced(C) produced only(D) only have produced答案： A测试点： not onlybut also分析： 后文的 but also 是关键词，应在答案中选择含有not only 的形式，即 (A) 。16. Lizards lack the builtAin body temperatu

15、re control many another creatures possessBCD答案： C测试点： other 和 another 的用法分析： 这两个词常被故意混淆aothcr 后接单一概念的名词，而中 creatures 为复数，定语应用other从词意上分，anotherother 则泛指“其余的” (B)control( 调节功能 )为名词other 后可接复数名词句指与前者不同的“另一种”，17. Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic pain.答案：

16、A测试点：主谓数的一致分析： 动词是复数的are discovering，主语应也是复数的应为Doctors18. With her talent for business promotion, Kate Gleason expansion her familys smallABmachine-tool company into a major manufacturer of gearcutting machinery.CD答案： B测试点；词性。分析： 此处需要动词作谓语，而expansion 是名词。应为expanded。解题要点； 与 -tion 相同，名词后缀 -sion 划线的部分以

17、-sion 结尾的划线名词出现时，检查此词词性是否用错应首先19. Using their bills as needles, tailorbirds sew large leaves together with plant fiber toA BCD forming their nests.答案： D测试点；词形分析： 此处需用不定式短语作状语表示目的，如后接动词原形应为to form 20. Columns may be circular or polygonal in cross section, and are generally at least fourA B C times mo

18、re taller than they are wide.D答案： D测试点；比较级形式重复分析： 遇有划线的比较级形式，应注意其more和 -er是否被重复使用此处应去掉more21. The poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks demonstrates a major characteristically of twentieth ABCcentury writing : the conflict between commitment to a social ideal and commitment to art.D答案： C分析：(C) 测试点；词性。冠词 a 后应有名

19、词， 而 characteristically 为副词。应为 characteristic。22. Montessori preschools differ than public elementary schools in that the activities focusABCon the childs individual abilities and interests rather than academic ones.D答案： A测试点；习语分析： Differfrom 为固定的短语，不用than (B)连词短语in that 表示原因，引导状语从句23. Josh Billings

20、 roamed the country as a laborer when he was a young man, but settledABdown in his later life to become a humorist and lecturing.CD答案： D分析： (D)测试点：并列结构词性连词and 两边应同词性、同形式此处身份的名词humorist ， and 后也应用一类似的名词，即lecturer and前为说明24. Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that h

21、ugeABthunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn.CD答案： B测试点： many 和 much 的用法分析： 这两个词常被错用evidence 为不可数名词，应用much 修饰，不能用many。25. Every individual cell, whether its exists as an independent microorganism or is part of aABcomplex creature, has its own life cycle.CD答案： A测试点：代词分

22、析： crests 为谓语动词，它前面的代词为主语不能用所有格形式的its,应为it26. Because aluminum is nonmagnetic, it is value for protecting electrical equipment fromA BCD magnetic interference.答案： B测试点：词性分析： value 这个词，以及与之有关的各种形式，常常出现在考题中此处应用其形容词valuable 作表语27. Nitrogen and oxygen are too important that most living organisms cannot

23、surviveABCDwithout these elements.答案： B测试点： so,that 与 too,to, 的用法分析： 这两个结构常被错误搭配看到后文无to 而有that，应知此处too 应为so。28. Coal and petroleum resulted when plants become buried in swamps and decayed.ABCD答案： C测试点；时态并列结构分析： 主句为过去时 (resulted)，时间状语从句不能用现在时and 连接两个并列的谓语部分，其一边为过去时的decayed,另一边也应是过去时的动词应为became亦可从句意方面

24、分析；煤和石油的成因是远古时期的事情，不应用现在时29. Percapita income is a nations entire income dividing by the number of people in theABCnation.D答案： B测试点：过去分词表示被动分析： 接在名词后面作定语时， divided by 是固定的短语，相当于省略的从句 (that whichis)divided by ：这里应用过去分词表示被动的意思。30. Jim Thorpe, a football, track, and baseball stars from Pennsylvania, is

25、 considered byABmany to be the greatest all-around athlete of modern times.DC答案： B测试点；数的一致分析： 冠词 a 后应是单数名词另外，此处的成分为主语的同位语也应是单数的start 主语为单数，其同位语31. For centuries waterwheels were the only sources of power aside from human and animalABCstrong .D答案： D测试点：词性分析： 形容词 human 与 animal 修饰的应是名词，而strong 是形容词应为s

26、trength解题要点：应记牢strong 及其名词strength 两个词形32. Proteins form the most of the structure of the body and also act as enzymes.ABCD答案： A测试点；冠词。分析： most 后接名词或介词，意为“大多数”，不是最高级形式，前面不加冠词。解题要点，；most+名词 (大多数的 )和 the most+形副 (最高级 )在 TOEFL 考题中常见混淆用错33. The attorney general of the United States advises the President

27、 on any questions of lawAwho may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs.BCD答案： B测试点： who 和 which 的用法分析： 定语从句中，作主语的关系代词指代先行词law，是物而不是人，不能用who应为which 或 thatwho 和 which 混淆错用是 TOEFL解题要点：关系代词常考题型34. Many of the science fiction publications by RayBradbury display a desire to rebelABagainst society

28、s depend on machines.CD答案： D测试点：词性分析： 名词所有格 s 后应接名词，(D)depend 应为 dependence35. The age of a geological sample can be estimated from the ratio of radioactive toABnonradioactive carbon present in the object is examined.CD答案： D测试点：缺词多词。分析： 名词后可接从句或作用相当于从句的分词作定语。此处可看作是定语从句缺主语that/which ，或是分词作定语，多了动词is (C) present( 现存的 )在此是形容词36. Dams vary in size from small rock barriers to concrete structures many feet height.ABCD答案： D测试点：词性/习语分析： 表示长度、重量等单位的名词后接形容词