1990年08月TOEFL语法讲解

1、1990 年 08 月语法题1. Resin is a substance that -in water.(A) does not dissolve(B) do not dissolve(C) not dissolving(D) not dissolved答案： A测试点：谓语分析： that 从句有主语而缺谓语应在答案中选择可作谓语的动词形式，即数与主语不一致；(C) 、 (D) 是分词，不可作谓语(A) (B)动词的2. -hardiness, daylilies can be cultivated particularly easily.(A) Their(B) Since their(

2、C) It is their(D) Because of their答案： D测试点：介词短语。分析： 逗号后是一完整的句子，逗号前常常是状语，由分词短语或介词短语充当答案中无分词，只有 (B)(D) 是介词结构 since 作介词时不表示原因，而是“自从 , ”的意思 (D) 是正确答案。 Because of 是介词短语。3.A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn -act as they do.(A) what cause them to(B) causes them to what(C) wh

3、at to cause them(D) what does to them答案： A测试点：宾语从句分析：1earn 后的宾语从句主谓语均缺，应选择主语+动词 +, 的形式不能作谓语动词；(D)what 为单数意义，动词应当用第三人称单数形式(B) 缺主语；(C)to cause(A)正确4.Vaporization in connection with general - has a marked effect on long term climate.(A) atmospheric conditions that(B) conditions are atmospheric(C) are a

4、tmospheric conditions(D) atmospheric conditions答案： D测试点：介词宾语分析： 介词 with 要求名词性的成份作宾语，而句； (B)(C) 均含有动词4 个答案中只有(D) 是名词词组(A)后接从5. The oldest city in the state, - .(A) the Hudsons Bay Company founded Vancouver, Washington, in the early nineteenthcentury(B) the founding of Vancouver, Washington, by the Hu

5、dsons Bay Company in the earlynineteenth century(C) Vancouver, Washington, was founded by the Hudsons Bay Company in the earlynineteenth century(D) In the early nineteenth century with the founding of Vancouver, Washington, by theHudsons Bay Company答案： C测试点；主语一致。分析： 逗号前是名词性短语，为同位语，逗号后应是完整的句子。句首的同位语说

6、明的是句子的主语，故主语应与city 同义答案中 (C) 是完整的句子，且以城市名为主语(A) 虽是句子，但主语是company，与同位语不一致；(B)(C) 不是句子解题要点：这类含有同位语的考题，通常有冗长复杂的4 个答案简捷的方法是快速浏览各答案的第一个单词，寻找与同位语相同含义的词语，如此句中的Vancouver(温哥华 )即是city6. - raw materials into useful products is called manufacturing.(A) Transform(B) Transforming(C) Being transformed(D) When tran

7、sforming答案： B测试点；主语动名词。分析： 由单数系动词 is 可以推知 materials 不是主语， 主语缺， 而 into 又提示了此主语应具有动作性，故选 (B) 动名词 transforming 动名词短语作主语要求其谓语为单数形式7. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as ateacher of the deaf -of the telephone.(A) than inventing(B) than as the inventor(C) the i

8、nvention(D) as the inventor答案： B测试点： would rather ,than,分析： 结构看到would rather ，就应在答案中寻找以结构要求相比较的两项结构相等，但重复的部分可省略故as 后，应为 (be remembered)as, 即(B)than 开头的形式，即(A)(B) 这个would rather be remembered8. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary - associated withthe idea of remembrance.

9、(A) and becomes(B) became(C) becoming(D) to become答案： B测试点；被动语态谓语。分析： 空格前为主语，所缺为动词。答案中只有 (B) 可作谓语动词。 (A) 多了 and； (C)(D) 是动词的非谓语形式9. - that of iron construction, the technology for constructing buildings withconcrete developed rather rapidly.(A) Dissimilar(B) Different(C) Not likely(D) Unlike答案： D测试点

10、：介词分析： 此句需要介词短语作状语，四个答案中只有(D)unlike是介词，正确用法Dissimilar to ， (B)应为 Different from (C)Not likely是形容词reinforced(A) 应为10. Although adult education in the United States began in colonial times, - chief growthhas taken place since the 1920s.(A) its(B) so it(C) but its(D) it is答案： A测试点：代词分析： 空格后为一完整句子，但作主语的

11、名词gowth 前既无冠词也无代词(A) 为代词，可修饰 growth。 (B)、 (C) 前有连词，均不可与句首的 Although 同时使用。 (D) 是主语 +动词的结构，不可用于此处11. Hot objects emit - do cold objects.(A) rays more than infrared(B) rays are more infrared than(C) more than infrared rays(D) more infrared rays than答案： D测试点：词序比较句式分析：(D) 是正确的比较级句型 空格后的助动词 do 原应放在句尾， 即 H

12、ot objects emit moreinfrared rays than cold objects do 但朗读起来为了避免头重脚轻的语感，单独一个 do(does,did)通常都前移至较长的主语前12. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately - from Marathon toAthens.(A) the distance is(B) that the distance is(C) is that the distance(D) the distance答案： D测试点：省略句。分析： Approxima

13、tely the distance from Marathon to Athens 为名词短语，补充说明整个句子，相当于省略了 which is 的定语从句 (A) 缺少连词， (B) 连接词 that 在此句中无所指代，且位置不对， (C) 结构错误13. Although - rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton towithstand considerable impact.(A) apparently(B) are apparently(C) apparently their(D) a

14、re they apparently答案： A测试点：省略句分析： although 引导的让步状语从句如果是主系表结构，可省略主语及系词即：Although(they are)apparently rigid 14. One of the oldest types of aesthetic theory is that of formism, - .(A) reference to the imitation theory is popular(B) the imitation theory is popularly referred to(C) is the reference to th

15、e popular imitation theory(D) popularly referred to as the imitation theory答案： D测试点；分词短语作后置定语。分析： 空格前为完整的句子，句尾为名词，所缺可能是同位语或后置定语应在答案中选择名词词组或分词短语 (D) 是分词短语15. A pandas primary activity is sleep, - its waking hours looking for food.(A) that it spends(B) for spending(C) and it spends(D) will spend答案： C测

16、试点：连词主谓结构分析： 逗号前为一完整句子，逗号后为另一句子，中间应用and 连接 (C) 为 and+主谓结构16. The unit of measurement known as a foot has originally based on the average size ofABCthe human foot.D答案： B测试点：习语分析： Be based on 是固定短语。此处应为 was这个短语在 TOEFL 考题中以不同形式出现过多次。17. Social reformer Florence Kelly played a key role in the 1893 decis

17、ion of the IllinoisABClegislature to prohibition child labor.D答案： D测试点；词性分析： prohibition 为名词此处应用动词prohibit 解题要点；划线的是以-tion 结尾的名词，而前面是to，应考虑它是否错用，是否应为动词18. The term technology refers to the discoveries and inventions that help people improveABCits way of life.D答案： D测试点：代词数的一致分析： 此处代词指代people，是复数意义，应用

18、复数的their 19. Brooklyn, New Y ork, had a population of about 23,000 when it becomes a city in 1834.答案： CABCD测试点：时态分析： 由时间状语1834 推知，谓语动词不能用现在时，而应用过去时，即became解题要点；考题中有具体数字表示的时间状语时，要留意句子的谓语动词是否应为一般过去时。20. People can remember more information for higher periods of time when they use moreABthan one sense

19、in the process of learning.CD答案： B测试点；词意分析： higher 指高度，而修饰表示时间阶段的periods 应用 longer21. Jazz first flourished in New Orleans, Louisiana, and then spread at cities all across theABCDcountry.答案： C测试点：介词分析： cities 前不用介词at，而用 in22. Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragr

20、ance.ABCD答案： A测试点：主谓数的一致分析： 动词是复数的have，推知主语应也是复数的应为Flowers23. When a spinning ball bounces, some of the energy contained in its rotation canA B C transferred to its energy of forward motion.D答案： C测试点：被动语态分析： can 后接动词原形，不能接分词 (C)can transferred 是错误形式根据句意，应为被动语态 can be transferred 。24. One values prod

21、uct of a musk deer is musk, which comes from a gland near the malesA B C abdomen and is used in medicines and perfumes.D答案： A测试点；词性分析： (A) 应用形容词valuable 修饰主语名词product25. The economy of Little Rock, Arkansas, is basis primarily on manufacturing, wholesaleABand retail trade, and government functions.C

22、D答案： B测试点：习语分析： Be based on 是固定的短语，不用名词形式basis26. The first United States citizen to become a professional sculptor was Patience LovellABCD答案： C测试点：从句连接词分析： 此处的连接词在定语从句中作works 的定语，应用whose27. A electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.ABCD答案： A测试点：冠词分析： electrica 和

23、 an 的用法以元音开头，前面冠词要用an28. Progress in the field of optically and new kinds of glass have made it possible toABCconstruct photographic lenses with a minimum number of materials.D答案： A测试点；词性。分析： In the field of 后接名词，而optically 是副词。应为optics。29. In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously related

24、to climate.ABCD答案： B测试点；词性分析： 在冠词 the 与介词 of 之间的，不可能是单个的形容词，而应是名词此处应用distribution 作句子主语解题要点：见到the aof 之间的划线词，应注意它是否为名词30. The United States Constitution requires that the President be a natural-born citizen,ABthirty-five years of age or be older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum ofCD

25、fourteen years.答案： C测试点：并列结构分析： 连词旧两边的成份应同性质是说明年龄的older，动词 be 多余其宾语从句用原形动词。or 前为表示年龄的短语thirty-five years of age 后也应(A)系词 be 是正确用法，因为前面的动词require 要求31. How many people realize that Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings The yearling is a minorABliterary classic and an important contribute to regional literature?CD

26、答案： D测试点；词性分析： 冠词后应有名词出现，而 contribute 是动词应为 contribution (C)classic(名著，经典作品 )是名词32. Ensuring an adequate water supply have been a concern ever since people began to liveABCDin towns and cities.答案： B测试点：主谓数的一致分析： 主语为动名词短语时，谓语动词应为单数形式have 应为 has解题要点：动名词(短语 )作主语，谓语动词要求用单数形式33. The most substances expan

27、d in volume when they are heated.ABCD答案： A测试点；冠词。分析： most 单独作名词的定语，意为“大多数”，不是最高级的形式。此时most 前不加冠词 the解题要点；应区别最高比较级the most+形副的形式与most+名词的结构34. Due to sophisticated transportation networks, people can now buy the same types ofABperishable goods in Toronto like in New York City.CD答案： D测试点：习语分析： same,as

28、, 是固定短语，不用like as 是连词，而like 是介词35. Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea, break intoAB CD pieces, and become icebergs.答案： B测试点：词性分析： nearly( 几乎 )是副词，此处应用介词州(接近 )解题要点：应区分nearly 与 near 的词意和词性36. As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does theenvironment.ABCD答案： D测试点； as,as 结构。分析