名词性从句与状语从句

1、名词性从句和状语从句易混点及高频考点突破四川省南溪一中顾建一、名词性从句概述名词性从句的功能相当于一个名词，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语及同位语。名词性从句包括：状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。请标明划线部分属于那种名词性从句：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me. 【】I don ' t knowhat he means.【】I ' m glathat you are here.【】The teacher is satisfied with what you have done. 【】His s

2、uggesti on is that a new road should be built across the village to help the farmers get out of poverty 【】Hiss suggesti on that s new road should be built across the village to help the farmers get out of poverty sounds reason able.【】The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all. 【】I real

3、ly have some doubt whether her daughter can pass the entrance exam in ati on. 【】Whatever you do in this lab has nothing to do with me. 【】The police will reward whoever reports the truth beh ind the accide nt to them.【】二、名词性从句和状语从句中的易混点及高频考点：1、that的用法：(1) 在名词性从句中，that只起到连接作用，在句子中不充当成分。She thought tha

4、t she had tried her best in the attempt to pass the college entrance exam in ati on.(2) 名词性从句如果结构和语意完整，连接词用that。Jean said that she was going to meet her friends at the friend at the airport.That引导宾语从句时可以省去，但是如果有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，从第二个起，that不能省去。That引导其它名词性从句时，一般都不能省去。Kate believed (that) the terrible a

5、ccident was caused by drunk driving andthe driver should be severely punished.(4) That引导名词性从句还用于以下句型中： It is said / reported / believed / thought / expected / important / natural / advised / ordered / suggested / required / necessary / a pity . that. .【其中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句被后移。】 We heard it that she

6、 would get married next mon th.【其中it为形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句被后移。】 Parents should see to ittheir child should have a balaneed diet of rich nutrition.that引导宾语从句作形容词的宾语，如：that 弓丨导的从句常跟在下歹U形容词后作宾语：an xious， aware， certa in, con fide nt, convinced， determ ined， glad，proud, surprised, worried , sorry , tha nkful

7、 , ashamed, disappo in ted, anno yed, pleased, hurt, satisfied , content 等。 ? I am afraid I ' ve made a mistake.? I am ashamedI lied to my father about the result of the mid-term exam in ati on last ni ght.注意：that在其它从句或句型中的使用(1) 在定语从句中，that指代先行词在定语从句中充当主、宾、或表语。She gave me a novel/ which was writ

8、te n by Mo Yan.(2) 在结果状语从句中，that引导结结果语从句，常见结构：suchthat; so. that He was so exhaustedhe fell asleep immediately he lay his head on the pillow. He isan outstanding film star that he has played the leading roles in many films. It was such terrible weather they decided to take a taxi home. The weather w

9、as terrible that they decided to take a taxi home.注意： so / such + 先行词 + as 引导定语从句 与 such / so that 引导结果状语从句的区别。 These dolls are so lovely 【 all the children love them very much. 】 These dolls are so lovely 【 all the children love very much. 】 These are such lovely dolls 【 all the children love them

10、very much.】 These are such lovely dolls 【 all the children love very much. 】so that引导目的状语从句，常译为"以便于、为了He raised his voice he could be heard by the audience sitting in the back rows.(4) 在强调句中， that 用来构成句式， that 指代被强调部分。It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who It was in the workshop they fell in love wit

11、h each other.对应练习：1. she was brought up in an artistic family gave her an advantage over other applicants in the try-out ( 海选). 【改错】= gave her an advantage over other applicants in the try-out she was brought up in an artisticfamily.2. suddenly occurred to me my mother was waiting for me at the scho

12、ol gate. 【填入适当词语】3. I'm convinced diligence contributes to success.4. He is a humorous boy all his classmates like him. 【填入适当词语】5. He is humorous all his classmates like him. 【填入适当词语】6. It is advised you (review) you notes before you get down to yourhomework.7. I've made it clear you should

13、never bring your cell phones to the classroom during weekdays.8. surprised all of us such an awkward boy should got the first place in the competition.9. such an awkward boy should got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.10. The fact the present employment rate is still very low m

14、ake the local government very concerned.11. There is no denying good preparations before a writing contest are necessary.12. I have no doubt he is the suitable person for the vacant post.13. Her advice is the patient (give) a overall medical examination beforethe operation.14. The news he was defeat

15、ed in the boxing match disappointed his family.15. is known to all, DNA is the fundamental component of very form of life.16. is known to all DNA is the fundamental component of every form of life.17. is known to all is DNA is the fundamental component of every form of life.18. Is there anything I c

16、an do to help you get out the present troublesome situation?19. It is Friday they left Changsha for Guangzhou.20. It is on Friday they left Changsha for Guangzhou.21. What is it made you so excited today?21. The scientist holds the belief we are determined by our living circumstance and education ra

17、ther than genes.22. He insisted the problem (solve) immediately and he couldn 'tcomplete so many tasks within such a short period of time.2. what / whatever; which / whichever; who / whoever; how / however; whe n / whe never; where / wherever的用法注意事项(1) what只用于名词性从句;whatever可以用于名词性从句和让步状语从句。注意：如果

18、名词性从句缺主语、宾语或表语，首选 what 或 whatever.但是，what 的意思是：什么”，表示疑问； 而 whatever 的意思是 "无论什么”，意思是不一样的。 I am suremany people did n 'tu ndersta ndhe meant by say ing some one is toblame for it ”. Whatever you do matters a lot to the result of the project.【划线部分为 从句，整句的谓语是。该从句缺 do的 语，故用 .】t该句可以转换为一个含有让步状语从句的

19、复合句，引导让步状语从句时，whatever = no matter what;引导名词性从句时，whatever 绝对不能换为no matter what。=A.you do, it matters a lot to the result of the project.=B.what you do, it matters a lot to the result of the project. I don 'care whatever you said at the meet ing, but I do thinkyou could express it in a more accep

20、tableway.【从句】=/you said at the meeti ng, I do not care, but I dothinkyou could express it in a more acceptable way.【方括号内为 从句】(2) A. who在名词性从句中的意思是谁？ ”，表示疑问。Do they know has taken away the money raised for the sick child?【方括号内为 】B. whoever在名词性从句中意思是"无论谁”。 broke the glass window must pay for it.【

21、方括号内为一个 从句】 The teacher didn'know broke the glass window .C. whoever 还可以引导一个让步状语从句，此时相当于no matter whoWhoever knows the truth of the murder should report it to the police at on ce.=/knows the truth, he or she should report it to the police.D. who还可以引导一个定语从句，代替先行词，在定语从句中充当主、宾、或表语！Around the world

22、there are lots of peoplestill live in poverty.E. who还可以引导一个定语从句，代替先行词，在定语从句中充当主、宾、或表语！It is the clea nersaved the little boy out of the big fire.(3) A. which 在名词性从句中的意思是“哪一个、哪一些”，表示疑问！She did n 'tk nowis better as a birthday prese nt, a book or music Disc.B. which在定语从句中代替先行词(先行词为物，或一个句子)，作定语从句的主

23、语、宾语或表语。 Yesterday we enjoyed ourselves in the theme parkwas ope n to the public last mon th. She read a wide range of literature works in her early years,laid a solid foundation for herlater writing career.C. Whichever引导名词性从句时，意思是“无论哪一个(哪一些)”，不能换为 no matter which【Whichever toy you want】is yours.括号内

24、的从句为一个 从句。D. Whichever引导让步状语从句时，等于no matter whichIt doesn'matter whichever major you choose. Your attitude is everything.戈U线部分为一个 从句=/major you choose, it doesn 'matter. Your attitude iseverything.此处方括号内为 从句。(4) A. However = no matter how(无论谁) ； whenever = no matter when(无论何时); wherever = no

25、matter where (无论何地/无论哪里)这三个连词只能引导让步状语从句！ However the problem is complex, we are determined to find a solution to it.改令错=, we are determ ined to find a soluti on to it.注意： however的语序是. No matter when she meets me, she smiles at me. =she meets me, she smiles at me. She used to follow after himhe went.

26、 (where / wherever)B. 用于名词性从句中时：how 怎样、如何；相关搭配：how many/ much / long / soon / often They are discussing(how are they / how they are) going to the village. 一 do you go to see your gran dpare nts? Once a mon th. The doctor asked the manthe symptom had lasted.C. 名词性从句中，when的意思是“什么时候/何时”表示疑问； She didn&#

27、39;tell methe concert would begin. ( when / whenever ) The in terviewer asked mefrom uni versity and I told him that I forgot about it.A. whe n did I graduate B. whe never I graduated C. whe n I graduated D. no matter whe n I graduate 在时间状语从句中，when的意思是“当的时候”，when从句的谓语动词可以使延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。 The Black

28、s settled down in this village(whenever / when ) the Second World Warbroke out. I was young, I liked to sitting beside my grandfather and listened his interesting stories.在并列句中，when用来连接前后两个分句，意思是“就在那时” 。常见的搭配有：be about to do. whe n.;be on the point of doing . whe n.;was / were doing . whe n.;had jus

29、t don e. whe n .正要做某事，就在那时另外一件事情发生了。 正要做某事，就在那时另外一件事情发生了 正在做某事，另外一件事情就发生了 刚做了某事，就在那时另外一件事情就发生了。 They had just run out of the building while it collapsed ( 垮塌). 改错； The explorer (探险家)was walking through the jungle ( 丛林)a poisonous snake attacked him. The film was about to startthere was a power failu

30、re ( 停电). Xia ngzi was onof leav ing whe n some one(kno ck) at the gate.在定语从句中，whe n代替先行词(时间名词)在定语从句中充当时间状语。 Most of the guests arrived at before 7:00 pmeverything was ready for the party. Do you still remember the dayswe spent together in the mountainous village? I still remember the dayswe played

31、happily in the pine forests. I was a cold win ter morni ngthe terrible disaster took place. It was on a cold win ter morni ngthe terrible disaster took place.D. wherever = no matter where“无论哪儿、不管什么地方”只能引导一个让步状语从句。 The child followed his mother(where / wherever) she went. 有些人能够随遇而安。Some people enjoy

32、themselves(wherever / where) they are. Wherever I live, I can always hear some interesting stories.I live, I can always hear some in teresti ng stories.E. where引导名词性从句，意思是“什么地方、哪里、哪儿、的地方”，表示疑问或场所。 I am not sure(where / wherever) these visitors come from. Mr. Wang asked me.A. where did my pare nts wo

33、rkB. where my pare nts workC. wherever my pare nts workedD. where my pare nts worked This is(where / wherever) Mark Twin once lived when he was young.在状语从句中，where引导地点状语从句，表示主句谓语动作所发生的地方。 there is a will, there is a way.(有志者事竟成 ) Don 'move! Stayyou are! He has hidden all the treasure nobody else

34、can find it. 方括号内为 从句 Go and see (where / wherever) the noise comes from. 方括号内为 从句 The hospital was builtit used to be a church. 方括号内为 从句 He knew (where / wherever) Henry Carter had gone. 方括号内为 从句 They stopped and had a rest there were some tall trees and a stream (小溪). 从句在定语从句中，where代替先行词(地点名词)，在定语

35、从句中充当地点状语。 I rounded a bend (拐弯处)the trees and brush grew thickly. Can you think of a situation that this idiom can be used? 改错： Childre n should be en couraged to take part in such activitiesthey can exercise both men tallyand physically. Last month she went back to the small townshe had always mis

36、sed so much. Last month she went back to the small townshe was born and was brought up. It was the small townshe was born and was brought up. It was in the small townshe was born and was brought up.3. whether 和 if(1) 在名词性从句中，whether 或if的意思是“是否” ；“whether.or. ”的意思是“是还是;无论还是”引导宾语从句时，whether和if可以互换，但是如

37、果后面有or或or not时，只能用 whether.如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用whether。用it作形式主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。1) I don ' t kno or not he can stay here Ion ger.2) He asked meI wasn ' t going there.3) I，m not interested i he is rich.括号内为从句4) The question is you can do i

38、t yourself. 括号内为 从句5) It is not clear to me he likes the present.括号内为 从句6) 【it will do us harm or good 】 remains to be seen.括号内为 从句7) The question (whether / if ) he will come here himself isn ' t decided y 从句8) The student asked me the question that the book was worth reading.改错： (2) 注意doubt之后的

39、连词处理：如果doubt是动词，其后接的是宾语从句，如果doubt是名词，其后接的是同位语从句。无论doubt是动词还是名词，如果用于肯定句中，doubt后接whether;如果doubt用于否定句或疑问句中，后面一般接 that 。 Others doubted the tsunami would happen again. Few in Westminster doubt the government will win the day. There can be little doubt he will offend again. Do they still doubt the proje

40、ct can be carried out as planned? I do not have the least doubt the newly-elected present will live up to his people 's expectations.(3) 在状语从句中， if 引导一个条件状语从句，意思是“如果、假如” 。 He phoned Laura to see she was better. 括号内为 从句 I wonder I might have a word with Mr Abbot? 括号内为 从句 We could have caught the

41、first train we had started earlier. 括号内为 从句 anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home. 括号内为 从句4. 关于 why(1) 在名词性从句中，why的意思是“为什么；的原因”，表示疑问或对应原因。(2) 在定语从句中， why 代替先行词 reason 在定语从句中作原因状语。 我不明白他为何用这种烂事来烦我。I don't know he bothers me with this kind of rubbish. 括号内为 从句 女人不读这种东西是有原因的，它并不好笑。There's

42、a reason women don't read this stuff; it's not funny. 括号内为 从句 I wonder she is not satisfied with our work , but we think we'e tried our best. 括号内为 从句 他为何成为社会党人的确切原因实际上还不清楚。is really not clear just he became a Socialist. 括号内为 从句 那就是为什么我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因。That's I must trust you to keep

43、this secret. 括号内为 从句 The reason the boy always feels sleepy in class is he stays up late playing online games every night.【 从句】【 从句】5. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名 词作进一步的说明和解释。 The news 【 o u r team has won the game 】 was true. The news 【 he told me yesterday 】was true. I made a

44、 promise 【 if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich. 】 The mother made a promise【 pleased all her children.】6. 关于 as（1）as可以引导一个方式状语从句，意思是“照着、像”；注意不能换为“ like （介词）”；其它的引导方式状语从句的连词还有： “as if / as though. 似乎/ 好像” Do in Rome the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 Leave things . 让一切顺其自然。 Please do you . 请按照人家告诉你做的去

45、做。 （也可说 Please do as told.） Balloons float in the air just boats on the sea. 气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一样。 他兴奋地和我们交谈就好像他在演讲赛中获得了一等奖一样。He talked to us very excited he had won the first prize in the speech contest yesterday. 公司对待我的态度就好像是我上班时溜号了似的。The company treated me I were skiving.as可以引导一个比较状语从句：冃疋式 as.as; the

46、 same. as否定式 "not as / so . as; not the same. as ” The result was not as / so goodI had expected. Our country is so big as the whole of Europe. 改错: She works in the same building that my sister. 改错： The weather of this year is not the same that of the past years. 改错： (3) as可以引导一个倒装结构的让步状语从句：结构：

47、形容词/(不带冠词)名词/副词/动词+ as / though + 主+其它， 主句 Though the musician is talented, he is very modest. 改为倒装句though /the musicia n is, he is very modest. Although he is a little child, he knows how to deal with such problems.though /he is, he knows how to deal with such problems.注意：倒装结构中不用althoughas可以引导一个时间状

48、语从句，多强调主从句的动作同时发生，意思是“当的时候；一边一边” I saw Jim/ whe n he left the meeti ng room. He looked beh ind from time to timehe went. 一边边” time goes on, it's gett ing warmer and warmer. 表示伴随=time going on, it ' getting warmer and warmer.(5) as可以引导一个原因状语从句，常置于句首(主句之前)，意思是“由于”说话的重点在主句。you are un able to an

49、 swer, perhaps we should ask some one else.(6) as可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容在定语从句中作主、宾、表，意思是“正如” We were sitt ing,I remember, i n a riverside restaura nt. 【此处，不能用 which, 需要“正如”】 you can see, we are still busy doing our research work. Which is reported in yesterday 'snewspaper, the peace talk betwee

50、n the two side ended without result. 改错： as可以作介词，意思是“当作、作为” You can use that glassa vase. She worksa courier. He is considered like our best friend. 改错： as可以作副词，常用于比较状语从句中，表示同样的程度。You'reas tallas your father.【程度副词】【连词：如同、和一样】7. 关注 表示“一就”的引导时间状语从句的连词(1) as soon asPeter starts look ing through the

51、 mail as soon as the door(shut).the moment / the minute / instant这组时间名词常常作连词，引导时间状语从句，功能相当于“ as soon as ”。I'll report backI have located him.A. for the mome nt B. the mome nt C. at the mome ntD. i n a mome ntdirectly / immediately / i nsta ntly作连词，引导时间状语从句，功能相当于“ as soon as ”she'd gon e, I r

52、emembered her n ame.A. At onceB. Right now C. I n no time D. ImmediatelyNo soo ner hadthan倒装结构，表示"一就”had he arrived in Rome tha n he was kid napped.他刚到罗马就遭到了绑架。hardly hadwhen 倒装结构，表示"一就”Hardly had I fini shed telli ng the n ewsshe bega n to cry.我还没有把消息讲完她就哭了起来.8. 关注对unless引导条件状语从句的考查。一般判断判

53、断究竟用if还是unless,可以使用试探的方式。unless要翻译为“(从句)除非，+(主句)否则”，将其汉语意思带进去试探，看主从句的语义逻辑是否矛盾。(1) you prepare for it in adva nee, you can hardly pass the entrance exam in atio n.(2) I will never attend her wedding partyI am not invited.(3) I will never attend her wedding partyinvited.(4) not treated properly, the s

54、ituation will get out of control.(5) treated properly, the situation will probably worsen.9. 关注对状语从句的省略的考查。状语从句的省略：一般如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，状语从句的谓语含有be动词，此时，状语从句的主语和be动词均可省去。结构： 连词 if / unless / when / while / until / till / once+现分 / 过分 / 形容词，+ 主句(1) 连词+形容词 When ever (she is) free, she ofte n goes shopp

55、 ing.她有空就去逛商店。 Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 She hurried out of the room, as if (she was) angry(2) 连词+名词 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。 He could write poems when (he was) yet a child.(3) 连词+现在分词 While (she was) walking

56、 along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for something lost on the sports ground.这男孩很不耐心地在操场上到处跑着仿佛在找什么东西。(4) 连词+过去分词 If (it is) well read, the book will give you much to think. Unless (they were) asked to answer questions, the students were not supposed to talk in Prof. Li' s class.(5) 连词+不定式 I