四六级翻译文化艺术新题型练习

1、文化篇饮茶中国人饮茶， 注重一个 品字。品茶不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想 和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以 消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界 升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组 成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可 胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不 可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意

2、客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶， 如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温 适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、 糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of savoring. Savoring tea is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their

3、reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also i

4、mbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambiance for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is

5、 certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreat

6、e themselves.China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most a

7、ppropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that th

8、e tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay ones hunger.注释：1. 神思遐想： reverie。2. 领略饮茶情趣： take delight in tea-drinking 。3. 在百忙之中泡上一壶

9、浓茶这个句子较长，译者根据其意思的层次，把它分 成了两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句。4. 择静雅之处： securi ng a serene space5. 细啜慢饮： imbibe slowly in small sips。6. 达到美的享受：即享受到饮茶之美。allure这里是名词，意为迷人之处， 也可用 beauty。7. 使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界： until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm。8. 利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tucked away和nestl

10、ed，比用 built 要形象、优美得多。9. 让人们小憩，意趣盎然 :意思是（茶室）是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所。10. 礼仪之邦 :即是一个很讲究礼仪的地方 ， 很重礼节 为重复，不译。11. 当有客来访： 是凡来了客人 的重复，可不译。根据下文的内容， 加上 before serving tea,使上下衔接贴切自然。12. 征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客：可理解为 询问来客 他们最喜欢什么茶叶，然后用最合适的茶具给客人敬茶 。13. 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时：译为 in the course of serving tea与前面before serv ing tea 相呼应。1

11、4. 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时水温适宜：这句话较长，译者同样根据其意思的 层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译。15. 随喝随添： and thus the cup is kept filled 或者 and in this way the cup is kept filled。16. 茶食：意思为 点心、小吃 。17. 达到调节口味和点心之功效：点心为方言点饥、充饥 的意思。园林 中国园林可分为御花园和私家花园两类。前者多见于北方，后者则多见于南方， 尤以苏州，无锡和南京三地为盛。Chinese garden can be divided into two categories: the imp

12、erial and the private. The former is seen most frequently in northern china while more of the later can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing.南方私家花园中的溪、桥、山、亭小巧玲珑，布局精明，尽显其自然美，令人赏 心悦目。桥大多为石桥， 有直桥， 曲桥，拱桥。直桥其实是一块不加装饰的石板， 通常与河岸或河水齐高， 给人一种临水的感觉。 曲桥设有低栏杆， 西湖上的九曲 桥就属此桥。 拱桥可以分为单拱桥和多拱桥

13、两种。 园内的小溪虽占地不多， 却同 小桥与石屿相得益彰，浑然一体。Small and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to the eye, the streams, bridges, rockeries and pavilions of private Chinese garden reveal a natural beauty of their own. Most of the bridges in this garden are stone, including straight, winding and arched bridges.

14、 The Straight bridges consist of just one stone slab without any decoration and it is usually level with the riverbank or with the river to make the visitors feel that they are surrounded by the water. The winding bridge has low balustrades. The Jiuqu Zigzag Bridge on west lake is one of them. The a

15、rched bridge can be divided into the single-arch and the multi-arch varieties. Streams in this gardens do not cover a large area, but setting them well with bridges and islands to yield a uniform effect.石头与假山是中国南方园林的特色。 奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹， 线 条和水孔。 硕大的石头可自成一景， 而较小石块则堆积成假山， 为园林增添无比 魅力。走廊是中国园林的另一大特色。有河边

16、的河廊，花丛中的花廊，柳树丛中 的柳廊 ,竹林中的竹廊。对客人来说，这些走廊可谓是优秀导游。在一座大花园 里沿走廊而行，可以观赏园内的各处景观。Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesque forms are often attractive with underlaid lines and water holes. Some large stones form sceneries of their own while smaller ones are put

17、together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden. Corridors form another feature of the chinese garden. There are water corridors built along the waterside, flower corridors setted among flowers, willow corridors among groves of willow and bamboo corridors among

18、 groves of bamboo. For the visitors, these corridors are good travel guides leading to the various views of the big garden.形态各异的窗户点缀在走廊上，有方形，有圆形，有六角形，也有八角形。许多 窗户的图案也都装饰的非常美丽。 游客可以透过这些艳丽多彩的走廊窗户， 将园 内的佳景尽收眼底。 园林的大门同窗户一样也雕刻成各种形状， 给环境带来了生 气，增添了雅趣。The corridors are decorated by win dows of every shape sq

19、uare, round , hexag onal and octag on al. Many of the wi ndows are decorated with very beautiful patter ns and desig ns. Visitors can have excelle nt view of the garde n through the colorful win dows. The doors of the garden, like the windows, are also carved in different shapes to bring more vigoro

20、us ness and elega nee to the surro undin gs.花园中的墙壁多粉刷成白色。隐秘在花丛，树丛，小山丛中的白墙与灰瓦褐窗形 成强烈的反差。白墙上树影婆娑，池塘中柳枝齐舞。在园中徜徉的游客也许能在 这世外桃源里真正地享受片刻安宁。Walls of these garde ns are usually pain ted in white. Hiding among the flowers, trees and hills, white walls stand in a sharp contrast to the gray tiles and brown wind

21、ows. Stolli ngs about these garde ns with the tree shadows swayi ng on the white wall and willow reflect ions dancing in the pon ds, tourists may the n find themselves truly enjoy this peace and relaxation in this paradise from the turmoil of the world.八大菜系浙江菜，简称浙菜，是中国八大菜系之一。浙菜由杭州菜、宁波菜、绍兴菜组成。菜式小巧 玲珑

22、，清俊逸秀，菜品鲜美滑嫩，脆软清爽。杭州菜是这三者中最出名的一个。杭州菜以精 细的食材准备及多种烹饪技法闻名于世。杭州菜多用煸、炖、炒及油炸等烹调方法烹制出鲜嫩香脆的菜肴。随着季节的变化，杭州菜品也有所不同。Zhejia ng cuis ine, also called Zhe Cai for short, is one of the eight famous culi nary schools in China. Compris ing local cuis ines of Han gzhou, Nin gbo and Shaox ing, Zhejia ng Cuis ine, not g

23、reasy, wins its reputatio n for fresh ness, tendern ess, softn ess, smooth ness of its dishes with mellow fragra nee. Han gzhou Cuis ine is the most famous one among the three. Han gzhou cuis ine is characterized by its elaborate preparati on and vary ing tech niq ues of cook ing, such as saute ing,

24、 stewing, and stir- and deep-frying. Hangzhou food tastes fresh and crisp, varying with the change of season.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Longjing Tea Shrimps 龙井虾仁Xihu Sour Fish西湖醋鱼Stewed Egg with Fish Slice 鱼片蒸蛋Pear and Crab Sticks 凤梨蟹柳山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为 使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重汤品。清汤

25、清澈新鲜，而油汤 外观厚重，味道浓重。济南菜系擅长炸，烤，煎，炒，而胶东菜系则以其烹饪海鲜的鲜淡而 闻名。Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine is clear, pure and not greasy which is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, fresh ness, crisp ness and tendern ess. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seas onings so Shangdo

26、ng dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are give n much emphasis in Shan gdo ng dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuis ine is adept at deep-fry ing, grilli ng, frying and stir-fry ing while Jiaodo ng divisi on is famous for cook ing sea

27、food with fresh and light taste.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Dezhou Braised Chicken 德州扒鸡Sweet and Sour Carp 糖醋鲤鱼Braised Sea Cucumber with Scallion 葱烧海参Praw n Dish with Color Pattern 百花大虾湖南菜系由湘江地区，洞庭湖和湘西的地方菜肴组成。它以其极辣的味道为特色。红辣椒， 青辣椒和青葱在这一菜系中的必备品。湖南人喜食辣椒源于当地气候潮湿，辣椒可以帮助人体驱赶潮气。湘菜传统的烹饪方法包括炖、蒸和煨炖。Hunan cuis ine con

28、sists of local Cuis ines of Xia ngjia ng Regi on, Don gti ng Lake and Xia ngxi coteau. It characterizes itself by thick and pungent flavor. Chili, pepper and shallot are usually n ecessaries in this divisi on. Hunan food is hot because the climate is very humid, which makes it difficult for huma n b

29、ody to elim in ate moisture. The local people eat hot peppers to help remove damp ness and cold. The main cook ing methods for Hunan dishes are brais ing, steam ing and stewi ng.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Steamed Multiple Preserved Hams 腊味合蒸Gold Fish Playi ng Lotus 金鱼戏莲Tortoise and Mutt on Soup 龟羊汤Braised p

30、ork in brown sauce 红烧肉四川菜系，是世界上最着名的中国菜系之一。四川菜系以其香辣而闻名，味道多变，着重使用红辣椒，搭配使用青椒和花椒，产生出经典的刺激的味道。此外，大蒜，姜和豆豉也被应 用于烹饪过程中。野菜和野禽常被选用为原料,油炸，无油炸,尷制和文火炖煮是基本的烹3 饪技术。没有品尝过四川菜的人不算来过中国。四川火锅也许是世界上最出名的火锅，尤其是半辣半清的鸳鸯火锅。Sichua n Cuis ine, known ofte n in the West as Sichua n Cuis in e, is one of the most famous Chinese cui

31、sines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompa ny, produci ng typical excit ing tastes. Besides, garlic, gin ger and ferme nted soybea n are also used in the coo

32、k ing process. Wild vegetables and ani mals are usually chose n as in gredie nts, while frying, frying without oil, pickli ng and brais ing are applied as basic cook ing tech niq ues. It cannot be said that one who does not experie nee Sichua n food ever reaches China. Sichua n hot pots are perhaps

33、the most famous hotpots in the world, most no tably the Yuan Yang( man dari nduck) Hotpot half spicy and half clear.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Ku ng Pao Chicken 宫保鸡丁Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce 鱼香肉丝Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce 夫妻肺片Mapo Tofu麻婆豆腐广东菜源自于中国广东省。大多数华侨来自广东，因此广东菜也许是国外最广泛的中国地方菜系。广东人热衷于尝试用各种不同的肉类和蔬菜，不

34、大使用辣椒，而是带出蔬菜和肉类自身的风味。广东菜是各类丰富的中国菜系之一。广东菜系，味道清，淡，脆，鲜，为西方人 所熟知，常用猛禽走兽来烹饪出有创意的菜肴。它的基础烹饪方法包括烤，炒，煸，深炸， 烤，炖和蒸。其中蒸和炒最常用于保存天然风味。广东厨师也注重于菜肴的艺术感。Canton ese food orig in ates from Guan gdo ng. The majority of overseas Chin ese people are from Guangdong（ Canton） so Cantonese is perhaps the most widely available

35、 Chinese regional cuisine outside of are known to have an adve nturous palate, able to eat many differe nt kinds of meats and does nt use much spice, bringing out the n atural flavor of the vegetables and food is easily one of the most diverse and richest cuisines in clear, light, crisp and fresh, G

36、uangdong cuis ine, familiar to Wester ners, usually chooses raptors and beasts to produce origi native dishes. Its basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, sauteing, deep-frying, braising, stewing and steam ing. Among them steam ing and stir-fryi ng are more com monly applied to prese

37、rve the natural flavor. Guangdong chefs also pay much attention to the artistic presentation of dishes.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Guangzhou Wenchang Chicken 广州文昌鸡Dongjiang Salted Chicken 东江盐焗鸡Finger Citron Chop 佛手排骨Roasted Suckling Pig 烤乳猪江苏菜，又叫淮阳菜，流行于在淮扬湖下流。江苏菜以水产作为主要原料，注重原料的鲜味。其雕刻技术十分珍贵，其中瓜雕尤其着名。烹饪技术包括炖，烤

38、，焙，煨等。淮阳菜的特色 是淡，鲜，甜，雅。江苏菜系以其精选的原料，精细的准备，不辣不温的口感而出名。因为 江苏气候变化很大，江苏菜系在一年之中也有变化。苏菜味道强而不重，淡而不温。Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Aquatics as the main ingredients, it stresses the freshness of materials. Its carving techniques are delicate,

39、 of which the mel on carv ing tech nique is especially well known. Cook ing tech niq ues consist of stewing, braising, roasting, simmering, etc. The flavor of Huaiyang Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elega nee. Jia ngsu cuis ine is well known for its careful selecti on of ingredi

40、ents, its meticulous preparation methodology, and its not-too-spicy, not-too-bland taste. Since the seasons vary in climate considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year. If the flavor is stron g, it is nt too heavy; if light, not too bla nd.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Nanjings Salty W

41、ild Duck 南京盐水鸭Ma ndarin Fish with Pi ne Nuts 松子鳜鱼Large Meatball 狮子头Boiled and Dried Bean Curd 煮干丝闽菜由福州、闽南、闽西三路菜组成。福州菜路流行于闽东、闽中、闽北地区；闽南菜则广 传于厦门、泉州、漳州、闽南金三角；闽西菜则盛行于闽西客家地区，极富乡土气息。闽菜 的风格特色是：淡雅、鲜嫩、和醇、隽永。口味偏重甜、酸和清淡，常用红糟调味。Fujia n cuis ine comprises three bran ches Fuzhou, South Fujia n and West Fujia n. T

42、here are slight differe nces among them. Fuzhou dishes, quite popular in easter n, cen tral and n orther n Fujia n Provi nce, are more fresh, delicious, and less salty, sweet, and sour; South Fujia n dishes,popular in Xiame n, Quan zhou, Zhan gzhou and the golde n tria ngle of South Fujia n, are swe

43、et and hot ,which use hot sauces, custard, and orange juice as flavorings; West Fujian dishes are salty and hot, prevaili ng in Hakka regi on with strong local flavor. Gen erally speak ing, Fujia n dishes are slightly sweet and sour, and less salty, and often use the red distillers grain for flavori

44、ng.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Fotiaoqiang 佛跳墙Tai Chi Taro太极芋泥Lychee Meat 荔枝肉Fried Sprats 海蛎煎徽菜是中国传统的八大菜系之一。安徽省绩溪县是徽菜的发祥地，素誉徽厨之乡”。安徽菜由皖南、沿江、淮北三种地方风味组成，其特色不仅在于精细的食物取材，还在于独特的烹饪方法。安徽厨师注重于烹饪的温度，擅长煨炖。通常会加入火腿和方糖来改善菜肴的味道。An hui cuis ine is one of the eight great traditi ons of Chin ese cuis ine. The An hui Provi ne

45、e Jixi County is the emblem vegetable birthplace, the eleme nt reputati on tow nship of the emblem kitchen. Anhui cuisine comprises the specialties of South Anhui, Yanjiang and Huai Bei. The highly distinctive characteristic of Anhui cuisine lies not only in the elaborate choices of cooking material

46、s but also in the strict con trol of cook ing process. An hui Cuis ine chefs focus much more attention on the temperature in cooking and are good at braising and stewing. Often hams will be added to improve taste and sugar candy added to gain.Famous dishes 着名菜肴：Braised Streaky Pork with Huizhou Glue

47、 徽州桃脂烧肉Steamed Lotus Seeds 干蒸莲子Fried Prawns香炸琵琶虾Fuliji Braised Chicken 符离集烧鸡艺术篇Calligraphy and Pain ti ngCalligraphy书法calligraphy硬笔书法pen calligraphy表音成分phon etic comp onent表形成分symbolic comp onent汉字偏旁comp onents of Chin ese characters线条艺术the art of lines汉字书写（体）Chin ese script汉字从图画和符号演变而来，中国书法艺术自然而然衍生

48、于这一特殊的书写体系（绝大多数汉字由表音和表形成分构成），因此中国书法也被称作线条艺术。Chin ese characters evolved from pictures and sig ns, and the Chin ese art of calligraphy developed n aturally from this special writi ng system （most Chin ese characters con sist of several phonetic and symbolic components）, so Chinese calligraphy is also

49、 called the art of lines.尽管中国书法以汉字为表达工具，但要欣赏中国书法之美，不一定非要懂得汉语。Although Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does nothave to know the Ian guage to appreciate its beauty.书法的目的在于保持自然之美，突显人类精神之美。Calligraphy s purpose is to retain the beauty of n ature and illu min ate

50、man s spiritual beauP51受到青睐to find favor in汉学圈the circle of Chin ese Ian guage lear ning汉学Sinology笔画stroke点、横、竖、撇、折、勾dot stroke, horiz on tal stroke, vertical stroke, curved stroke, an gular stroke, hooked stroke部首，独立成字radical, sta ndal one character篆书，隶书，草书，楷书，行书the seal form, the official form, th

51、e cursive form, the regular form, the runn ing form像字如其人，这样的中国古语与书法是直接相关的。The Chin ese say ing like“ The han dwriti ng reveals the writer” is diigictphiyelated to call人们认为，书写中运用的力度表露人的性情，而书写的文字则能彰显书法家对生活和艺术的理解。It is believed that the force used in writing betrays one disposition and the written char

52、acters reveals the calligrapher s understanding of life and arts.另外，书法作为一门中国传统艺术，很早便为邻国所青睐。On the other hand, being a Chin ese traditi onal art, Chin ese calligraphy also found favor in the n eighbori ng coun tries from the early times.汉字笔画有24多种，分为六大类：点、横、竖、撇、折、勾。Strokes within Chin ese characters c

53、an have more tha n 24 varieties of shapes that fall into six basic categories: dian (dot stroke), heng (horizontal stroke), shu (vertical stroke), pie (curved stroke), zhe (angular stroke) and gou (hooked stroke).汉字字体通常分为五种形式：篆书、隶书、草书、楷书和行书。Chin ese scripts are gen erally divided into five forms: th

54、e seal form, the official form, the cursive form, the regular form, and the running form.这些形式密切相关，但各有其独自的形体和特点。因此，书写时使用的方法各不相同。These forms are closely related, but each form has its own shapes and features, so differe nt methods are employed whe n writ ing them.现在，最常用的书体是楷书和行书。Recen tly, the most fr

55、eque ntly used forms have bee n the regular form and the running form.草书常用于中国书法的创新性作品中。The cursive form is often applied in the creative works of Chinese calligraphy.篆书是一种古老的书体，主要出现在战国和先秦时期的青铜器上。The seal form is an ancient script that mainly appeared on the bronze vessels during the Warri ng States

56、and Pre-Qin Periods.P52小篆small seal script象形文字pictography大楷、小楷、中楷、行楷、行草larger regular form, smaller regular form, medium regular form, running regular form, running cursive form楷书四大家four masters of the regular form篆书笔画柔美，形体方正，更近似象形文字。 近象形文字。）（柔美的笔画和方正的形体，使得篆书更接Soft li nes of strokes and upright rect

57、a ngular shapes keep the seal form characters more close to pictography.此种样式的书法笔画流畅，字字相连，所以平滑、生动。This style of calligraphy is smooth and lively with strokes flowing and characters linking together.前字最后一笔常顺入后字第一笔中，因此字与字常常连接一起。The characters are ofte n join ed, with the last stroke of one mergi ng int

58、o the in itial stroke of the n ext.草书行笔自如而迅疾，所以字的某些部分看起来十分夸张。It is executed freely and rapidly so that parts of the character appear exaggerated.即使在同一幅作品中，字体也会大小各异，好像一切皆由书写者的一时兴致所支配。They may vary in size in the same piece of writ ing, all seem in gly dictated by the whims of the writer.线条的流畅和毛笔的节奏创造出一种整体的抽象美。The flow of the lines and the rhythm of the brush create an abstract beauty of the whole.如要学习书法，以楷书