精品资料（2021-2022年收藏）密封焊接作业指导书中英双语..

1、 密封焊接密封焊接施工作业指导书施工作业指导书 SiteSite ExecutionExecution GuidebookGuidebook目目 录录LIST1 编制依据 .1Compiling Sources2 作业项目概况及工作量.1Briefly Introduction to Construction Items and Working Amounts3 作业必备条件.1Working Necessary Terms 4 作业顺序、方法及要求.5Working Sequence, Methodology and Requirement 5 作业过程对质量控制点的设置.9To set u

2、p quality controlling term in process of working6 作业结束的检查验收和应达到的质量标准.10Inspection & acceptance after achievement and required quality standard7 作业的安全要求及措施.12Safety Requirement and Protective Measures1 1 编制依据 Compiling Sources1.1火力发电厂焊接技术规程DL/T869-2004 DL/T869-20041.2 电站钢结构焊接通用技术条件 DL/T678-1999Genera

3、l Technical Terms of Steel Structure Weld in the Power Plant DL/T678-19992 2 作业项目概况及工作量作业项目概况及工作量BrieflyBriefly IntroductionIntroduction toto ConstructionConstruction ItemsItems andand WorkingWorking AmountsAmounts2.1 概述: BRIEF锅炉采用无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司生产的高温高压循环流化床锅炉。其型号为：UG-430/9.8-M。This Boiler is performed

4、 as High-temperature & high-pressure Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler made by WuXi Huaguang Boiler Manufacture Corporation LTD. And the type is UG-430/9.8-M 3 3. .作业必备条件作业必备条件N Ne ec ce es ss sa ar ry y W Wo or rk ki in ng g C Co on nd di it ti io on ns s 3.1 本项工程配备焊工 8-12 人，参加焊接工作的施工人员必须有相适应的考试合格证，

5、并经有关人员确认后方可进行焊接工作，施工人员须具备良好的施工工艺作风。3.1 8-12 Welders should be designated to this Project, who are with correspondent welding certificate and to be allowed to carry out welding after being approved & confirmed by regarding personnel, and should be reliable for proper construction technical characteri

6、stics. 3.2 配备直流逆变电焊机 812 台以及相应的二次线、配备相应焊工所需用的面罩、把钳、白光防护镜、绝缘手套等劳动防护用品。3.2 8-12 sets of DC inverter welding machines should be equipped as well as secondary cables accordingly, and necessary working protection facilities in terms of masks, pliers, goggles and insulation handgloves should be provided f

7、or welders. 3.3 所用焊接材料必须有制造厂材质合格证、出厂日期证明。3.3 All of the flux utilized in the welding work should be with approved certificate and factory release-date certificate of manufacturing materials.3.4 施工时必须有防雨措施，施工场地安全设施齐全、规范，设备、工具堆放整齐。3.4 Rain-proof measures should be developed prior to construction, and

8、safety facilities should be performed as completion and specialization in construction areas. Additional, equipments & tools should be dumped in order manner.3.5 焊前准备 Preparation for Welding3.5.1 焊接场所应有防雨和挡风等设施。3.5.1 Shower-proof & wind-proof canopy should be arranged for welding work areas.3.5.2 施焊

9、前应清走周围及下方易燃物，防止火情的发生。3.5.2 Flammable materials located in the vicinity and beneath areas should be removed before conduction of welding in prevention of potential fire hazards.3.5.3 焊接使用的电焊机应具备绝缘性良好，工作性能可靠等基本条件。3.5.3 Welding machines utilized for welding activities should be reliable for substantial

10、 insulation performance and stably working conditions. 3.5.4 焊工的工器具应配备齐全，榔头、錾子、钢丝刷等清理工具应随身携带。3.5.4 Facilities & tools of welders should be sufficiently equipped; especially the clearing tools in terms of hammers, chisels, steel brushes should be carried.3.5.5 各类部件联接处焊缝的接头型式和尺寸，应符合设计要求。如无规定时，应遵循能保证焊缝

11、质量，减少焊接应力，防止结构变形，填充金属量少，操作方便，改善劳动条件等原则，且满足以下条件：3.5.5 Joint type & size of welding seams of all of parts should conform to the designed specifications. If non special stipulations, it is necessary to comply with regarding principles as to make sure welding quality, to deduct welding stress in case of

12、 structure distortion, less filling of metal materials, convenient operation, to improve working conditions; furthermore, should cater for the following terms: 3.5.5.1 焊件厚度为 4-6mm 时，可采取双面焊接，均可不开坡口，但必须留有 1.5-2mm 的对口间隙，并使焊件对正齐平确保焊透。3.5.5.1 Double-face groove welding can be performed when the thickness

13、 of welding parts is within 4-6mm, which can be conducted without groove. But 1.5-2mm gap for fitting up of welding joints should remain so as to completely weld in axial direction and radial direction.3.5.5.2 搭接焊缝，搭接部位要求接触良好、平整，搭接长度不小于 5 倍母材厚度，且不小于 30mm。3.5.5.2 As for overlapping welding seam, over

14、lapping position is required to contact well and in compact status, and length of overlapping contact should not be 5 times less than the same of mother materials, that is 30mm.3.5.5.3 角接缝（包括 T 型接缝） ，其接头处要求对严，遇有间隙时，应采取措施予以修整。组对时边缘留有余量，其值不小于薄件厚度。3.5.5.3 As for fillet welding seam (including T-type jo

15、int seam), joint points should be closely fitted. And rectification activities should be fulfilled when the gap appears. Edges should be given abundance when assembling, of which should not be less than the thin part.3.5.5.4 所有焊件（焊缝尺寸高度）及接头部位应按施工图纸规定要求进行焊接。3.5.5.4 All of the welding parts (size and

16、height of welding seam) and joint points should be carried out welding as per details shown in the regarding schematic construction drawing. 3.5.6 焊件坡口的加工可采用机械法或气割法。如采用气割法加工时，应将割口处表面的氧化物、毛刺等清理干净，并将凹凸不平处修理平整。 3.5.6 Machining for welding grooves of targets can be performed by means of mechanical or ga

17、s cutting. If the gas cutting were applied, oxides and burrs indicated on the surface of cutting points should be grinding off, as well as blurs should be rectified up to complete and even.3.5.7 焊件坡口对口处表面的油、锈、垢、渣等污物应清理干净。3.5.7 Oil, dust, scale and slag attached on the surface of groove of welding ta

18、rgets should be significantly removed. 3.5.8 焊缝布置要合理，组对时，相邻的纵向焊缝应互相错开。3.5.8 Allocation of welding seam should be even, neighboring welding seams in longitudinal direction should be discharged in staggered form while assembling the same.3.5.9 焊件组对应遵循先板片，后部件拼装成整体的原则；管形焊件应先板片拼焊，再焊卷制接缝，后组对加强筋板，且加强筋板组对须符

19、合设计要求。3.5.9 Assembly of welding targets should be conformed to rule such as plate welding prior to portion splicing; pipe-type welding materials should abide by rule such as welding plates prior to roll-type seam, and last to assemble reinforced plates which should be in line with designed requireme

20、nts.3.5.10 当部件需接长或加宽时，应在组装前单独进行拼接，然后下料组装。当焊件采用圆钢，并需加长时，其圆钢接口形式应按设计规定制作。3.5.10 When the portion is required to lengthen or widen, individual assembly should be carried out before whole assembling, and then to blank for assembly. When the welding materials is of round steel and required to lengthen, j

21、oint shape of the same should be fabricated as per designed requirement.3.5.11 焊件拼接组装时，应垫置平整牢固，并采取加固等相应防变形措施，防止在施焊过程中产生位移和变形。3.5.11 Welding materials should be fixed stably and evenly before splice & assembly are performed, meanwhile, necessary measures such as fixture against distortion should be t

22、aken so as to be prevent welding materials from movement and distortion.3.5.12 各类焊件如发现有扭曲变形时，应采取措施进行调直、整平，然后进行组对。3.5.12 Any distortion & curve indicated from all different welding materials appear, assembly should be conducted after necessary measures such as alignment, evening have been completed.

23、3.5.14 焊接材料的选配3.5.14 Selection & Arrangement of Welding Materials.3.5.141 焊接材料应根据母材的化学成份、机械性能、接头型式和工作条件等因素综合考虑，选用时，既要考虑其强度等级，又应顾及综合性能。3.5.14.1 Welding materials should be selected as per chemical composition, mechanical performance, contacting shape and working condition highlighted from the mother

24、materials. Not only strength grade, but overall performance should be taken into consideration while utilized.3.5.14.2 钢架及承重支吊架等部件一般选用碱性焊条，焊条使用前，应按说明书规定要求进行烘焙，做到随用随取；烘焙后的焊条在使用前，应进行各种位置的试焊，若出现不属于焊工技术水平所致的严重缺陷，应及时向有关人员或部门报告，以便采取措施。3.5.14.2 Alkaline welding electrodes should be applied for welding stee

25、l structures and load hangers & supports, which should be heated in compliance with instruction prior to utilizing when required to drop anytime. Welding electrodes after heating should be tested for different positions, meanwhile, if any serious defects not being resulted from welder are found, reg

26、arding personnel and departments should be reported so as to make remedial measures. 3.5.14.3 对于其他部件的焊接，通常选用酸性焊条。焊条使用前亦应按说明书进行烘焙，但重复烘焙不得超过 2 次。3.5.14.3 Acid welding electrodes should be selected for welding in otherwise portions. And heating procedures should be fulfilled as per regarding instructio

27、n guides, but re-heating should not be more than 2 times.4 4. .作业顺序、方法及要求作业顺序、方法及要求 Working Sequence, Methodology and Requirements4.1 作业方法及要求 4.1 working methodology and requirement4.1.1.方法及要求4.1.1 Welding methodology and requirement4.1.1.1 焊缝焊接时，全部采用手工电弧焊焊接施工工艺（SMAW） 。4.1.1.1 SMAW is required to fu

28、lfill to all of welding seams. 4.1.1.2 凡参加焊接施工人员必须经过技术人员进行焊接施工技术交底，否则不得参加焊接工作。4.1.1.2 Technical explanation by technical personnel should be carefully conducted for all of welders encountering on the welding fronts, otherwise they are not allowed to the welding work accordingly.4.2 施焊顺序4.2 Welding S

29、equence4.2.1 先焊收缩量大的焊缝，如同时遇有对接缝和角接缝时，应先焊对接缝，后焊角焊缝焊接.4.2.1 Welding seams with deep shrinkage should be priority to perform welding. Meanwhile, when the butt welding and fillet welding are required in parallel, butt welding should be prior. 4.2.2 焊接对接缝时，施焊方向应指向自由端。4.2.2 Welding direction should go to

30、free end when the butt welding is carried out.4.2.3 焊接交叉焊缝接头时，须对先焊的焊缝在交叉接口部分进行清理，以保证交叉接口处焊缝的质量。4.2.3 When cross-welding seam is to conduct, preliminary clearance should be performed to first seams in the cross-welding portion for insurance of quality of cross-welding seams. 4.2.4 板片拼接焊缝应尽量使焊缝处于平焊位置，

31、焊接时，为减小变形可采取分段退焊法或间跳分段法焊接。当焊接第二层时，应与第一层的方向相反，且各个焊接接头应相互错开。4.2.4 The splice-plate welding seams should be kept in the horizontal position, meanwhile, cross section backstep welding method or cross section jumping welding method should be performed for induction of distortion. When the second layer is

32、 processed, it should be opposite to the welding direction of the first layer, and joint points of welding surface should be in staggered form.4.2.5 如大型焊件有支撑物时，应先焊支撑物各联结点，再进行其他部位的焊接。42.5 When the large-size welding material is attached with supports, welding activities should be performed to differe

33、nt linkage points of supports firstly, and then otherwise can be allowed to furnish.4.2.6 单片接头板的焊接顺序采用分段退焊法。如图示： 分段退焊法示意图 diagram4.2.6 Welding sequence of single connector-board should possess the cross-section backstep welding method. Refer to schematic diagram showed on the following:4.3 焊接方法：手工电弧

34、焊。4.3 Welding methodology: GATW 4.4 焊接电流：可按下列经验公式选定：I=k（3555）d其中：I 为焊接电流（A） ；d 为焊条直径（mm） ；k 为位置系数，平焊取 1.0；横焊取0.90.95；立焊取 0.850.9；仰焊取 0.80.85。当冬季严寒条件下施焊时，该值应增大0.10.15。4.4 Welding current: it can be ascertained according to following Empirical Formula:I=k（3555）dNote: I is welding current (A); d is dia

35、meter of electrode (MM); k is location factor, horizontal welding is dedicated as 1.0; Parallel welding is dedicated as 0.90.95; vertical welding is dedicated as 0.850.9; overhead welding is dedicated as 0.80.85.the status will be increased 0.10.15 when welding activities are performed in the condit

36、ion of severe winter.4.5 不得在焊件表面随意引弧、试验电流或焊接临时支撑物。4.5 No arc striking, no testing current or no welding temporary supports should be made on the surface of welding objects. 4.6 结构组件点焊所用的焊接材料、工艺等应与正式施焊的要求相同，长焊缝的点固间距为150300mm，点固缝长度为 3050mm。4.6 Welding flux and technical process incorporated to spot we

37、lding of structures should be line with permanent welding specifications, and gap between two fixed points of long seams should be 150300mm while the length between two seams should be30mm50mm.4.7 施焊时，要注意接头和收弧的质量，收弧时应将弧坑填满。每道焊缝接头应相互错开，以防止产生层内缺陷，在每道、每层焊缝焊完后，应清渣自检，确认合格后方可进行次层焊接。4.7 It is to bring our

38、notice that joint head and quality of receiving arc, such as Arc Pit should be adequately filled. Joint head of each welding seam should be staggered each other in case of inter-layer defects, and next layer welding should not be conducted until approval and self-inspection & clearance of slag are m

39、ade after each layer and each seam are achieved.4.8 多层多道焊缝施焊时，次层焊缝须将前层焊缝边缘熔合良好，采取一端对接另一端搭接时，应先焊对接的焊缝，再焊搭接的焊缝。4.8 Secondary-layer seam should make the edge of fore-seam adequately fusion when multi-layer and multiple passes are conducted. Meanwhile, butt welding seam should be prior to make with the

40、following of overlapping welding seam when one edge should be overlapped with the other edge.4.9 型钢对接施焊顺序，应以防止变形，减小应力为原则。如无加固板的焊缝，应采取双面焊。4.9 Butt welding sequence of shape steels should be kept one rule: in prevention of distortion and deducting stress. As for welding seam with non-reinforced plate,

41、 double-face welding should be fulfilled.4.10 大型组件必须采取对称施焊4.10 Large-size parts should be welded in the manner of symmetry form.4.10.1 整体组件应采取由中间向两端施焊。4.10.1 Whole part should be welded as sequence from medium to both sides.4.10.2 各接点应先焊垂直和平面杆件，然后再焊斜板。4.10.2 Each joint head should be welded to verti

42、cal and horizontal lever firstly, with the following of diagnosed plate.4.11 遇有隐蔽的焊缝或两道工序的焊缝，必须待上道工序焊接工作结束并经检查合格后，方可进行下道工序的焊接。4.11 When hidden welding seams or two-pass welding seams are met, next procedures should be carried out after inspection & approval indicated from last welding procedures.4.1

43、2 焊件或组件焊缝焊接完毕后，应清理熔渣和飞溅，认真进行检查，校对焊缝是否符合要求。4.12 When the welding performance for materials or assemble parts are achieved, welding spatters and slag should be removed and carefully inspected as far as welding joint seams is up to requirements.4.13 以上工作焊接时操作焊工应注意：点焊焊缝应美观和牢固，以防止点焊部位开裂。焊接时焊缝尺寸高度严格按图纸要求敷

44、设，严禁出现未焊、漏焊现象。尤其灰斗、壳体、进出喇叭口焊缝必须保证密封良好，支架、平台等结构焊缝要焊接牢固。所有焊缝焊道排列整齐，表面不能有夹渣、缩孔、脱节现象，焊道表面成型美观。焊接时要保护阴极板不被损伤，对于易产生焊接变形的焊缝，可采取分段跳焊、对称焊接的方法，以减少和控制焊接变形，保证施工质量。焊接完成后，施焊焊工立即对焊缝进行清理自检，确认无缺陷后方可检查验收。4.13 The welders incorporated to the above welding activities should be paid more attention: spot welding seam sho

45、uld be nice appearance and fixture in prevention of cracking occurred on the location of spot welding. Height and size of welding seam should be strictly conformed to requirement highlighted by regarding Drawings, and non-welding and shortage-welding are strongly not allowed. Especially hoppers, cas

46、ings, inlet& outlet flue & gas ducts should be made sure substantially sealing, and structure welding such as supports and platforms should be stable. All of the welding seams and passes should be made orderly without any slag, shrinkage void，disjunction on the surface as well as nice shape of weldi

47、ng pass. No any damage to Emitting plates should be permitted when welding is performed. Cross-section jumping weld and butt weld should be applied for potential distortion welding seams so as to decrease and control the welding distortion for insurance of execution quality. After completion of weld

48、ing, correspondent welders should clear and check the welding seams immediately, and inspection & acceptance should be performed after non-defects is confirmed. 5 5. .作业过程对质量控制点的设置作业过程对质量控制点的设置 To set up quality controlling term in process of construction是 否 unqualifi ed 清理自检 clearance and inspectio

49、n外观及渗油检验Appearance and Kerosene Test验收合格后进行下一道工序Next process should be developed after Qualification of inspection点 焊 Spot Welding施工前准备及技术交底Preparation and Technical Explanation before the work 按工艺施焊 as per welding technology不合格补焊Remedy welding for unqualified是否合格Qualified or Unqualified 6 6. .作业结束的

50、检查验收和应达到的质量标准作业结束的检查验收和应达到的质量标准Inspection & acceptance after achievement and required quality standard6.1.1 焊缝应圆滑过渡到母材，焊缝外形尺寸应符合图纸设计要求。其允许的尺寸范围如下表： 6.1.1 Welding seam should be linkage to mother materials by nature, external size of the same should be conformed to approved Drg. And limited size scop

51、e is mentioned on the following list:加强面高度Height of Reinforced surface加强面高低差reinforced surface differ焊缝宽度Width of welding seam焊缝型式Welding seam shape平 焊Horizontal welding其它位置Otherwise locations平 焊Horizontal welding其它位置Otherwise locations比坡口增宽Width comparison with groove一侧增宽Increase width status on th

52、e one side焊脚尺寸差Size differ of fillet welding对接Butt welding34232614-角接Fillet welding-23-036.1.2 焊缝表面不允许有裂纹、未熔合、气孔 、夹渣及弧坑等缺陷。6.1.2 No crack, no fusion, no air vent, no spatters and arc pit are permitted on the surface of welding seams.6.1.3 焊缝咬边深度0.5mm，两侧咬边总长度不超过焊缝全长的 10%。6.1.3 Undercut depth of weldi

53、ng seam should be 0.5mm, and total length of both sides should not be excess to the 10% out of the overall length.6.1.4 焊缝的变形不得超过设计标准。6.1.4 Distortion of welding seam should not be excess to designed standard.6.2 非承重构件 Non-load Structures.6.2.1 焊缝外形符合图纸设计规定的要求。若无规定时，其允许值应符合：6.2.1 External shape of w

54、elding seam should abide by requirement of approved Drawings. The tolerant value should be permitted if not specified.6.2.2.1 对接焊缝. Butt Welding Sseama) 当焊件厚度5mm 时，焊缝高度和一侧增宽均为 12mm；a) When the thickness of welding parts is 5mm, height and one side width of the same should be 12mm evenly；b) 当焊件厚度5mm

55、时，焊缝高度和一侧增宽均为 1.52.5mm。b) When the thickness of welding parts is 5mm, height and one side width of the same should be 12mm evenly6.2.2.2 角接焊缝（包括 T 型接缝）和搭接焊缝的焊脚尺寸均不小于薄件的厚度。6.2.2.2 Welding leg size indicated by fillet welding seam (including t-shape splicing seam) and overlapping welding seam should n

56、ot be less than the same of thin parts.6.2.3 焊缝表面不允许有裂纹、未熔合、气孔和夹渣等缺陷。6.2.3 No crack, no fusion, no air vent and no spatters are permitted on the surface of welding seams.6.2.4 焊缝不允许有严重的咬边、焊肉不足、严重焊瘤、漏焊和焊缝脱节等。6.2.4 Severely undercut, shortage of welding deposit, large quantity of welding beads, loss w

57、elding and disjunction of welding seams are not strongly allowed.6.2.5 箱形或管形焊件进行严密性试验，发现泄漏时，应及时进行处理补焊，直至符合要求为止。6.2.5 Sealing test should be performed to welding parts incorporated to boxing shaped or piping shaped. Timely remedial measurements such as fixing weld if leakage appears should be carried

58、 out until being up to requirements.7.7.作业的安全要求及措施作业的安全要求及措施 SafetySafety RequirementRequirement andand ProtectiveProtective MeasuresMeasures7.1.1 进入施工现场必须正确佩带安全帽，高空作业应系好安全带。7.1.1 Safety helmet should be properly worn before entering the construction site as well as safety belt should be fastened on

59、 the high level.7.1.2 每日工作应将周围环境及脚手架平台、栏杆进行检查。7.1.2 Daily routing inspection should be performed for surrounding construction environment, scaffolding platform and handrails.7.1.3 电焊机二次线与焊机可靠连接,地线与焊件可靠连接,防止松动产生火花.严禁用钢丝绳等作为地线。7.1.3 Secondary cable of welding machine should be securely linked with welding machine, which grounding cable should be connected in the high-reliability in prevention of any spark. Additional, steel wire is strictly forbidden as grounding cable.7.1.4 焊