构词法及其练习汇编

1、构词法 Word Formation在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。一、合成 Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1. 直接写在一起。2. 用连字符(-)连接。3. 由两个分开的词构成。合成形容词方式例词形容词+形容词red-hot形容词+名词first-class, full-time, part-time形容词+现在分词good-look ing, free-th inking,形容词+过去分词ready-made形容词+名词-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded名词+名词-ediron-willed名词

2、+形容词world-famous, day-lo ng名词+现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, time-saving名词+过去分词man-made, water-covered,副词+形容词ever-gree n副词+现在分词hard-work ing, far-see ing副词+过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-k nown数词+名词five-year数词+名词+形容词five-year-old数词+名词-edfour-legged, six-storied合成动词构成方式例词1名词+

3、动词day-dream副词+动词overcome, uptur n形容词+动词white-wash合成名词构成方式例词名词+名词horseback , bank-no te, n ewspaper形容词+名词back-yard, forehead,动名词+名词hidi ng place, read in g-room动词+副词get-off, break in,副词+动词overflow合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whe never, forever合成代词whoever, whatever, every one, no body, myself, someth

4、 ing, anything, nothing、派生 Derivation前缀前缀含义例词a-处在arise, aside, aloneen-使可能en rich, en able, en slavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dish on est, disappear, disorder,un-不做相反动作un able, unknown, un com mon, un comfortable, un fair,un close, un dress, un cover, un tieinim-ir- il-不，非in active, in capable, in patie n

5、t, in correct impossible, impers on al, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresp on sibleillogical,non-不，非non existe nt, non-i nterfere nee, non-con ductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展Decentralize （分散），defrost （解冻）an ti-反（对）an ti-freeze, an ti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdo in gs, misun dersta nd, misfort u

6、nere重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-educati onex以前的Ex-husba nd, ex-preside nttele远程teleph one, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower,un der-在之下un derl ine, un derestimate, un dergro und,in ter-相互，之间intern ati on al, i nteract, in ter-cha ngesub-

7、下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent,tran s-过，穿过，变tran sformati on变形）,tran slatevice-副vice-premier, vice-preside ntsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial 两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形，tricycle三轮脚踏车，triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-nati on al, multi-colouredkilo-千kil

8、ometre, kilogramme后缀后缀例词名 词-er/eerfarmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, villager, speaker, cooker, recorder, engin eer-essactress, waitress, prin cess, hostess-orcon ductor, sailor, tran sistor, operator,-arBeggar-eseChin ese, Portuguese, Japa nese-ia nmusicia n, Egyptia n, physicia n-istscie ntist

9、, den tist, com muni st,-ent/-antassista nt-me ntargume nt, judgme nt, gover nment-n esshapp in ess, great ness, ill ness, cold ness, sleepless ness-ionaction, decisi on, creati on-tio ndictati on, preparati on, repetiti on, action, in formati on, inven ti on-ingbuild ing, wedd ing, pain ti ng-shipl

10、eadership, frien dship, hardship-ageshortage, marriage, leakage-tyloyalty, cruelty, pen alty, sixty, twen ty, thirty, certa inty-thtruth, warmth, le ngth, growth, fiftee nth, fourth-anceaccepta nee, assista nee, relia nee, appeara nee-encedepe nden ce, con fide nee, refere nee, entran ce, defe nee-f

11、ulmouthful, han dful, plateful,-alrefusal, deni al, arrival-ydifficulty, possibility,-domfreedom, wisdom, kin gdom-ismsocialism, materialism-listno velist, socialist,后缀例词形 容 词-alcen tral, i ndustrial, n ati on al, n atural-anEuropea n, America n, Australia n-erneaster n, n orther n, souther n-ablere

12、as on able, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sen sible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,-ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, win dy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, hom

13、eless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolde n, woode n, woole n-ouscourageous, famous, con ti nu ous, serious, various-aryimag in ary, revoluti on ary, sec on dary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burde nsome, 1 on esome, han dsome-likechildlike, woma nlike, man like-antignorant, sig

14、 nifica nt, observa nt, importa nt-entdilige nt, sile nt, excelle nt, freque nt-lylively, frie ndly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish后缀例词动 词-izerealize, moder ni ze, mecha ni ze, criticize,-enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicke n, deepe n-fySimplify,

15、beautify, terrify,后缀例词副-ward(s)forward, no rthward, backward, dow nward词-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, frie ndly三、转化Conversion指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话打电话,mirror镜子像镜子一样反映,drink喝饮料,record录音记录更多精品文档学习-好资料2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的使完善3名词转化为形容词（副词）front前面前面的4. 形容词

16、转化为名词 chief主要的首领I . Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left.(G )1. enrich(E ) 2. semicircle(F ) 3. troublesome(D ) 4. sharpe n(A ) 5. job-h untingA. tryi ng to find jobsB. remove, get rid of ice, frostC. of, hav ing, using imag in ati onD. make or become sharpE. half a

17、 circle(H ) 6. limitless(C ) 7. imag in ative(B ) 8. defrostF. caus ing troubleG. make rich, improve in quality, flavour, etc.H. without limitn . Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.1. The mother didn'know why her daughter was crying _noisy. (noise)2. He was one of the be

18、st _playerin yesterda' football match. (play)3. Look! How _happilyKate is laughi ng!(happy)4. It sno wed _heavilylast ni ght and now the streets are covered with sno w.(heavy)5. Edis on was a great _inventor. During his life he had many _inventions. (invent)6. More and more _foreignerhave come t

19、o visit Chi na over these years/foreig n)7. We want .satisfactory reas ons for your failure to help. (satisfy)8. Please give me some refere nee work. It will .simplifymy task. (simple)9. The boy had the appearance of being half starved. (appear)10. The police have uncovered a plot aga inst the Preside nt. (cover)11. The doctor said that Marysmother n eeded an _operation.(operate