材料学专业词汇

1、8.Fracture:MicroscopicAspectsfracturen断裂microscopica微观的macroscopica宏观的crackn裂纹nucleationn形核propagationn扩展ductilea韧性的brittlea脆性的brittlenessn脆性semi-brittlea半脆性的failuren失效coalescencen连接voidn空洞cross-sectional横截面的shearv剪切transgranulara穿晶的preferentiallyadv优先地intergranulara沿晶的magnificationn放大indentationn凹陷

2、8.1morphologyn组织，形态dimplev生微涡rupturen断裂neckingn颈缩elastica弹性的ceramicsn陶瓷polymern聚合物tipn尖端cleavagefracture解理断裂grainboundary晶界crystallographicplane晶体学面grainn晶粒crazen微裂纹tensilea拉伸的stressconcentration应力集中precursorn预兆shearingbanding剪切带flowstress流变应力compositen复合材料fibrousa纤维的matrixn基体reinforcementn增强bonding

3、n结合compressionn压缩kinkingn扭断mechanismn机制plastica塑性的microbucklingn微观弯曲8.2mobiledislocation可动位错interatomica原子间的bondn键cohesivestress内聚应力perfectcrystal完整晶体Youngsmodulus杨氏模量defectn缺陷whiskern晶须immobilea不可动的slipplane滑移面restrictionn限制criterionn判据fibern纤维rollv轧制heterogeneityn不均匀性striationn擦痕interiorn内部airbubb

4、le气泡parametern参数inflexibilityn不变性dimplen韧窝triaxiala三轴的equiaxiala等轴的ellipticala椭圆的elastic-plastic弹塑性qualitativea定性的stainlesssteel不锈钢interfacialbonding界面结合triaxialityn三轴，cleavagev解理，分裂crystallographica.结晶学的crystallinen晶体orientationn.取向，排列方向facetn倒角screwdislocation螺旋位错cleavagestep解理台阶convergencen会聚face

5、-centeredcubic面心立方体body-centeredcubic体心立方体hexagonalclose-packed密排六方体tungstenn钨molybdenumn钼chromiumn铬berylliumn铍magnesiumn镁quenchv淬火tempern回火annealingn退火crystallattice结晶点阵sensitizeda激活trajectoryn轨迹phosphorusn磷10.RecoveryandRecrystallizationrecoveryn回复recrystallizationn再结晶transformationn转变,相变alloyn合金m

6、eltinga熔化的cold-workeda冷加工的terminala终点的curvaturen曲线Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯自由能entropyn熵10.1storedenergy储存能subgrainn亚晶impurityn杂质extrusionn挤压thermala热的inverselyproportion反比例10.2relaxationprocess驰豫过程vacancyn空位interstitialatom间隙原子vacancymotion空位移动hardnessn硬度resistivityn电阻率point-defect点缺陷self-explanatorya不解自明的

7、elasticstrain弹性应变stackingfaults堆垛层错latticedefect点阵缺陷dislocationtangle位错缠结cellulara多孔的misorienteda取向错误的two-dimensional二维的diffusionn扩散Lauepattern劳厄斑diffractionspot衍射斑点etch-pittechnique点蚀坑技术10.3vacancymigration空位迁移self-diffusion自扩散dislocationclimb位错攀移10.4statisticalfluctuationbulgeradiisphericalprotrud

8、eincubationvelocitycoincidentsubboundary10.5a 统计的n 波动v 凸出来radius pl 半径a 球的 , 球形的v （使）突出/伸出n 孕育期n 速度、速率同时发生的亚晶界形核率ad 等温地vi 撞击线形分配n 核n 模型v求的积分a 可以忽略的n 修正a 反曲的v 衰退nucleationrateisothermallyimpingelinearportionnucleusphantomintegratenegligiblemodificationsigmoiddecaymetallographic a 金属结构的 potential n 电势

9、、电位 molen 摩尔volumen 体积coefficient n 系数 critical a 临界的10.6dashed curve 点划线inverse relationship 反函数关系 brass n 黄铜 fine-grained a 细晶的 optimize v 优化10.7rodn 棒soft solder软焊剂bendv弯曲deformation texture 形变织构 annealing texture:退火织构recrystallization texture 再结晶织构 cube texture 立方织构 mismatch v 错配 merit n 优点 anis

10、otropyn各向异性magnetica有磁性的sheetn薄板secondary recrystallization 二次再结晶 bracket n 方括弧的一边 intersectionn 交叉点，交点grooven 沟槽retardv阻止diametern直径concavea凹的steady-state 稳态的 fascinatinga吸引人的tungsten n 钨 filamentn 灯丝thorian 二氧化钍creepv 蠕变resistance n 阻力 undoped a 无搀杂的 sketchn 略图interlockv 连接dopev掺入dopantn搀杂物sinteri

11、ngn烧结物volatilizev（使）挥发ingotn铸锭fibertexture纤维织构submicroscopica亚显微的poren气孔Chapter14SomeApplicationsofPhysicalMetallurgymetallurgyn冶金学manipulatev操作optimizea最佳化weldjointn焊点solderjointn焊接点devicen仪器14.1strengtheningmechanism强化机制workhardening加工硬化solidsolutionhardening固溶硬化particlehardening粒子硬化burgersvector柏

12、氏矢量virtuallyad实际上reciprocal倒易的flowstress流动应力foreignatom异类原子misfitn错配interstiticala间隙的symmetricala对称的octahedralvoid八面体空位unsymmetrica不对称的tetragonala正方形的screwn螺钉dilatationala膨胀的distortionn扭转，畸变etchv侵蚀dilutehydrofluoricacid稀释氢氟酸膜14.2nitrogenn氮revealv揭示amorphousa非晶的gaugen标距bulkn整体Charpyimpacttest摆锤式冲击试验t

13、orchn焊灯horizontala水平的synonymousa同义的castiron铸铁flaken薄片nodulara球状的graphiten石墨quotev引用homogenizationn均匀性corrosionn腐蚀weldabilityn焊接性formabilityn成形性machinabilityn可加工性reliabilityn可靠性whisker金属晶须pearlitica珠光体的ultimatea基本的patentn专利lamellara层状的cellulara多孔的substructuren亚结构latchn板条substitutionala代位的solid-soluti

14、onhardening固溶硬化octahedrala八面体的interstitialvoid间隙空位dipolara两极的precipitationhardening析出硬化subzero零度以下的negligiblea可忽略的millisecondn毫秒autotempering自动回火structurehardening结构硬化lathmartensite板条马氏体dislocationhardening位错强化platemartensite片状马氏体residuala残余的microcrackingn显微裂变substantiallya实质上redistributionn再分配spont

15、aneouscracking自发破裂spheroidizev球化eutectoidtemperature共析温度Ostwaldripeningprocess奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程Bainiten贝氏体retainedaustenite残余奥氏体regainn回伸率age-hardening时效硬化vanadiumn钒molybdenumn钼detrimentala有害的retardv延迟overagingn过时效cohesionn内聚力ausformedsteel奥氏体钢martensiticsteel马氏体钢high-hardenability高硬化能力iinheriteddislocation遗传的位错subsequentlyadv后续的refinementn细化twinneda形成李晶的equivalenta相等的stress-truestraindiagram应力应变曲线neckdown颈缩断开maragingsteel马氏体时效钢decomposition化学分解iron-nickelph