雅思阅读长难句分析

1、雅思阅读长难句分析I.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being alittle book of some 120 pages, compiledby a certainRobert Cawdray,of hard usuall En glishpublished in 1604 under thetitle A Table Alphabeticalwordes翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约 120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特 考 德雷的人编纂而成并于 1604年出版

2、，书名叫疑难常用英语词汇表。词汇：compile v.编写，编纂a certa in 某一publish v.出版under the title 名叫，题为分析：主干部分： There had bee n dicti on aries in the past.（倒装句）独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pagesThe first of these逻辑主语Bei ng a little book of some 120 pages分词短语状语成分： compiled by a certain Robert Caw

3、dray, published . wordes'.（过去分词短语作状语）2.Bey ond the practical n eed to make order out of chaos, the rise of diet ion aries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer - lexical as well as social and commercial.

4、翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域一一词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。词汇：Chaos n.混乱，紊乱Rise n.兴起Associate v. 联系，联想Middle class n.中产阶级An xious a.焦急的，渴望的；令人焦虑的Circumscribe vt. 限制，制约；划定的范围Conq uer v.征服Lexical a.词汇的；词典的分析：主干部分： the rise of dicti on aries is associated with the rise of the

5、 En glish middle class状语成分： Beyond the practical n eed to make order out of chaos 定语从句： who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conq uer - lexical as well as social and commercial.3t is highly appropriate that Dr SamuelJohnson,the very model of aneightee nth-ce ntury litera

6、ry man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.翻译：塞缪尔约翰逊是18世纪文学家的代表人物，他在当时就已像今天一样享誉盛名，他于中产阶级的黄金时代伊始时出版了词典一书，此举大大满足了时代的需求。词汇：Appropriate a.合适的，适当的Heyday n.全盛期，黄金时代Samuel Johnson n. 塞缪尔 约翰逊(1709年9月7日-1784年12月3日

7、)常被称为约翰 逊博士(Dr. Johnson);英国历史上最有名的文人之一；集文评家、诗人、散文家、传记家于 一身。分析：这句话的主句是It is highly即propriate that, it在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是that所引导的句子。It is . that.表示强调语气。主干成分： Dr Samuel Joh nson should have published his Dictionary.同位语：the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man作 Samuel Johnson的同位语（as.as结构：像 一样）定语

8、： as famous in his own time as in ours状语：at the very begi nning of the heyday of the middle class.4. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Joh nson worked middle at which the copy ing clerks would work sta nding up.as fitted up like a countinghousewith a longdesk runningdow n the

9、翻译：他的传记作者詹姆斯鲍威尔描述了约翰逊工作的阁楼“装修得像间财务室”，一张长桌横立于屋子的正中间，誊写员们在桌子两旁站着工作。词汇：Biographer n.传记作家Garret n.顶楼，阁楼Fit up装配，装备Copyi ng clerk 誊写员分析：在这个长句里，主干成分是James Boswell described the garret 。 His biographer 作主语的同位语，where是关系代词，引导了一个定语从句，修饰garret。现在分词 Running down the middle 作desk的定语，at which 引导的句子作 desk的定 语从句。5.

10、 The fact that Joh nson had take n on the Academies of Europe and matchedthem (everyoneknew that forty French academics had taken forty years toproduce the first French n ati onaldicti on ary）was cause for much En glishcelebrati on.翻译：（众所周知，四十位法国学者曾花了整整四十年才使得第一部法语词典诞生，）然而约翰逊却独自承担起了整个欧洲学术界的工作，其结果出色之程

11、度也与法语词典不相上下，这使得英国人倍感骄傲。词汇：Academies of Europe欧洲学术界Take on 承担Match v.（数量或质量）与不相上下celebrati on分析：这个长句中， The fact 是主语，“that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europeand matched them 为the fact的同位语，是一个以 that引导的同位语从句。括号里的整个部分是状语成分，起到解释说明的作用。剩下的部分跟主语一起，The fact was cause是主系表结构的主句。of much En glish celebr

12、ati on6. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece anda Iandmark,in his own words,sett ingthe orthography,display ingthean alogy, regulati ng the structures, and ascerta ining the sig ni ficati ons ofEnglish words'.翻译：尽管存在着错误和古怪之处，他的两册词典依然是杰作，是里程碑，用他自己的话来说，这部词典“确

13、立了拼字法，体现了词汇辨析，规范了结构，明释了英文单词的含义”。词汇：For all尽管，虽然Eccen tricity n.古怪，反常Two-volume adj.两卷的，两册的Lan dmark n.里程碑Orthography n.正确拼字An alogy n.类推Ascertain vt.查明，弄清Signi ficati on n.含义分析：这句话的主干成分是：His two-volume work is a masterpiece and a Ian dmark。前面的For all its faults and eccentricities 是 for all 弓丨导的让步状语；

14、in his own words 及后面引用的部分作解释说明的作用。7. The Diction ary, together with his other writi ng, made Joh nson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George 川 tooffer him a pension.翻译：词典与他的其他作品一起，使约翰逊扬名四海，备受推崇，以至于他的朋友们说服了乔治三世，赐予他一笔抚恤金。词汇：Sothat如此以至于.Esteemed adj. < 书 &

15、gt; 受人尊敬的Prevail v.说服，劝服Pen sio n n. 抚恤金分析：这句话由 The Dictionary 作主语，togetherwriting 是插入语， made 是谓语动词,Johnson 作宾语，famous and so well esteemed作宾语补足语，sothat弓丨导了一个结果状语从句。主干成分是： The Dictio nary made Joh nson famous and so well esteemed.8. U nlike his predecessors, Joh nson treated En glish very practicall

16、y, as a livi ngIan guage, with many differe nt shades of mea ning.翻译：与从前的词典编纂者不同， 约翰逊选择了十分务实地处理英语，他注重英语的实际使用，把握不同程度上的意思差别。词汇:Predecessor n. 前任，前辈Practically adv.实际地Livi ng adj.活着的；在使用的Shade n.浓浅深淡，色度分析：这句话的主干成分是Joh nson treated En glish very practically，其余的部分都作状语。9. The work was immense; filling abo

17、ut eighty large notebooks (and without alibrary to hand), Johnson wrote the definitionsof over 40,000 words, andillustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotati ons,draw n fromEnglish writing on every subject, from the Elizabethans to his own time.翻译：词典编纂工程量极大，在没有图书馆可供查阅的情况下，约翰逊写满了八十大本笔记，他写

18、了超过四万条单词的词语定义，并从由英语写作的不同学科资料中摘出了差不多十一万四千条引用来说明这些单词纷繁复杂的含义，他所用的引用可追溯到伊丽莎白时代。词汇：Imme nse adj.巨大的To hand 在手头，近在手边川ustrate v.说明，举例说明Quotatio n n.引用Drawfrom从召集(选择)The Elizabetha ns 伊丽莎白时代分析：这个句子由三个子句构成：第一个子句是主系表结构：The work was immense ;第二个子句是 Johnson wrote words ;第三个是 Johnson illustrated quotations , dra

19、wn subject 作定 语修饰 quotations , from time 作时 间状 语。 前面 的 filling aboutha nd全部是状语成分。10 . Joh nson was a poet and critic who raised com mon sense to the heights of geni us.翻译：约翰逊是位诗人，也是个评论家，是他将常识上升到了天才的高度。词汇：Poet n. 诗人Critic n. 评论家Common sense 常识Gen ius n.天才分析：这个句子相对较简单：Johnson was a poet and critic是主句，

20、who引导了定语从句。Whe n you are old and grey and full of sleep,And no ddi ng by the fire, take dow n this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;How many loved your mome nts of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved

21、the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your cha nging face;And bending dow n beside the glow ing bars,Murmur, a little sadly, how love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overheadAnd hid his face amid a crowd of stars.The furthest dista nee in the worldIs not betwee n life and deathBut whe n I sta nd in front of youYet you don't know thatI love you.The furthest dista nee in the worldIs not whe n I sta nd in front of youYet you can't see my loveBut whe n un doubtedly