AP宏观经济学必考英文词汇

1、AP宏观经济学必考英文词汇（共100个）词汇释义aggregate-demand curve总需求曲线aggregate-supply curve总供给曲线appreciation升值automatic stablizers自动稳定器balanced trade贸易平衡bond债券budget deficit预算赤字budget surplus预算盈余catch-up effect追赶效应classical dichotomy古典二分法collective bargaining集体谈判commodity money商品货币compounding复利consumer price index,CP

2、I消费物价指数crowding out挤出crowding-out effect挤出效应cyclical umemployment周期性失业demand deposits活期存款depreciation贬值depression萧条diminishing returns收益递减discount rate贴现率diversification多元化efficiency wages效率工资efficient market hypothesis有效市场假说Federal Reserve, Fed联邦储备fiat money法定货币financial intermediaries金融中介机构financi

3、al market金融市场financial system金融体系firm-specific risk企业特有风险fiscal policy财政政策Fisher effect费雪效应fractional-reserve banking部分准备金银行frictional unemployment摩擦性失业fundamental analysis基本面分析future value未来值GDP deflatorGDP平减指数government purchase政府购买gross domestic product,GDP国内生产总值human capital人力资本indexation指数化infl

4、ation rate通货膨胀率inflation tax通货膨胀税informational efficiency信息有效labor-force participation rate劳动力参工率liquidity流动性market for loanable funds可贷资金市场medium of exchange交换媒介menu costs菜单成本model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply总需求与总供给模型monetary neutrality货币中性monetary policy货币政策money multiplier货币乘数multipl

5、ier effect乘数效应mutual fund共同基金national saving(saving)国民储蓄（储蓄）natural rate of output自然产量率natural rate of unemployment自然失业率natural resources自然资源natural-rate hypothesis自然率假说net capital outflow资本净流出nominal exchange rate名义汇率nominal GDP名义GDPnominal interest rate名义利率nominal variables名义变量open-market operatio

6、ns公开市场操作Phillips curve菲利普斯曲线physical capital物质资本private saving私人储蓄producer price index,PPI生产物价指数productivity生产率public saving公共储蓄purchasing-power parity购买力平价quantity equation数量方程式quantity theory of money货币数量论random walk随机行走rational expectations理性预期real exchange rate真实汇率real GDP真实GDPreal interest rate真实利率real variables真实变量recession衰退reserve ratio准备金率reserve requirements法定准备金risk aversion风险厌恶sacrifice ration牺牲率shoeleather cost皮鞋成本stagflation滞涨stock股票structural unemployment结构性失业supply stock供给冲击theory of liquidity preference流动性偏好理论trade bal