美国临时禁令制度

1、A Temporary Injunction USA System1. In troducti onIn American, ban refers to infringement by court order to stop all acts of infrin geme nt for the durati on of the pate nt right, in clud ing the dire ct infringement tort and tort induced help. The great majority of case s in violation of intellectu

2、al property rights in the intellectual propert y right, the most important remedy are to prevent further violations of the ban. The important significanee of injunctive relief is it reflects pri mary value of intellectual property rights. The procedure is finished as a point of differe nee, America

3、ban divided in to perma nen t injun ctio n and interlocutory injunction. A permanent injunction system complete d the whole litigati on evide nce in the court heari ng, give the pla in tiff s full injunctive relief, and interlocutory injunction is in the litigation process. In order to avoid the pla

4、intiff suffered temporary irreparable d amage, short term, before the court decided a perma nent injun cti on gra nted relief measures.2. Ban system divisio nBased on the basic legal system America n follow legal patter ns in the UK, US ,Britain has many similarities in the temporary injunction syst

5、 em, USA ban system mainly divides into the temporary restraining or der, a preliminary injunction and permanent injunction, temporary rest raining order and preliminary injunction relative Yu Yong long ban, b elonging to the temporary ban measures. In thejudicial practice US A, often in the case wi

6、ll ban called "very legal relief", its purpose is t o be clear right or public interests of the applicant will face greater d amage when requested by the applicant, take the act or omission of t he relief measures.2.1 temporary restrai ning ordersTemporary restrai ning order as a prelimi n

7、ary injun cti on, accord ing to t he applica nt's un ilateral applicati on, start ing in proceedi ngs before, an d in written or oral form to. Only in some special cases, suchas the cl ear direct irreparable may be issued a ban on the pre heari ng loss or i n writi ng that it has made the effort

8、 and should not be issued a no tic e of the reasons wasestablished, allowing the court without notice by the applicant or his solicitor and promulgated. In view of this situati on a temporary restraining order, all the parties have not received noti ce of decision to ban, unavoidably cause absent ri

9、ghtsof injustice, there fore the effective period of temporary restraining order in short, mad e 10 days after the termination, unless the applicant has the reason tha t the ban may be exte nded by 10 days or be the applica nt's consent, te mporary restra ining order may be exte nded by 10 days,

10、 of course, in this period, so that the court does not revoke the temporary restraini ng order, the applicant shall promptly apply for a preliminary injuncti on, whe n the temporary restrai ning order obta ined, without no tice by t he applica nt, the applica nt shall apply with in 2 days or the cou

11、rt requi red a shorter period of time and the temporary restraining order rulin g sent by the applicant, in this period, the applicant is entitled to requ est the court and apply for revocation of the ruling, change, in this c ase, the court should be in a fair and equitable principles of timely t o

12、 the request of the applicant for trial, to decide whether to withdraw or change the ruling.2.2 preliminary injunctionsA preliminary injunction and preliminary injunction, is sued in the app licant before the final judgment, hearings and debateprocedure by co urt relief measures, their effectiveness

13、 until the final judgment on the date of entry into force. And the temporary restraining order as temp orary measures, but adifferent preliminary injunction is procedural req uireme nts are very strict, gen eral ban must go through to the resp ond ent a no tice, for cross exam in ati on, the program

14、 through the evide nce c an be used as the basis for the final judgment. Specifically, Americ a court for a preliminary injunctionApplicable to perform two procedures usually require:First, a preliminary injunction must be by notice to the other party t o make the program; second, through qualitativ

15、e evidence atthe hearin g procedures, can with the court of substantial merger, merger orafter the trial court decision in the preliminary injunction application starte d trial has the right of substantive dispute even if the courts do not t he decision to merge, in the substantive rights in court a

16、fter evidenc e can be used as a preliminary injunction decision was adopted althou gh this is the two in depe ndent program, but the effective in formati on obtained from the court decision as basis, toavoid the court repeatedsu rvey, for the same facts of course, in the program. The parties shall h

17、 ave the right to a jury.3. Ban applicati on proceduresTemporary restraining order shall be in written or oral form by notice to the other party. But in certain circumstances, a temporary restrain ing order can not be oral or written notice to the other party and ma ke. USA "federal rules of ci

18、vil procedure" sixty-fifth (b) in this cas e were strictly limited to: (I) affidavit or by specific facts presented to verify the indictment clearly indicate that, before the hearing in the o ther party or against the law, the applicant will have a direct irreparabl e rights damage, lossor dama

19、ge; (II) the applicant's lawyer in writing t o the court to prove the announcement made effortsand its proof shoul d n ot no tice reas ons. Any temporary restrai ning order issued without n otice, shall indicate time. Temporary restraining order shall terminate at the expiration of 10 days due t

20、o the court during the post, unless the re is a valid reason or been made to bathe parties agreed, the periodD may be extended for 10 days. If the temporary restraining order is not issued by notice, preliminary injunction applications should be sub mitted as early as possible trial. When the applic

21、ation to be heard, to obta in temporary restra ining order shall con ti nue to apply for a preli mi nary injun cti on, if the parties do not apply, the court shall revoke t he temporary restraining order. Fails to notify the other party won a t emporary restra ining order the parties, shall be provi

22、ded with in 2 day s or the court of a shorter time to inform each other. In the meantim e, the other party may appear in the court and apply for cancellation or alteration of the temporary restraining order; in this case, the cour t should be based on the purpose of justice on the application rapid

23、tr ial and judgment. Different from the temporary restraining order, a pr eliminary injunction issued by the former must notify the other part y, the parties have the opport unity to provide evide nee for cross exam in ati on.美国临时禁令制度1引言在美国，禁令是指由法院作出的命令侵权人在专利权有效期间 停止一切侵权行为，包括直接侵权、诱导侵权以及帮助侵权。在知识 产权受到

24、侵害的大多数情形中，对知识产权权人最为重要的救济就是 判给其防止进一步侵权的禁令。 禁令救济的重要意义在于其折射出知 识产权权的首要价值。 以诉讼是否结束作为区别点， 美国的禁令分为 永久性禁令与中间禁令。 永久性禁令系在法院完成了整个诉讼依据之 听证后，给予原告之完整的禁止性救济， 而中间禁令则是在诉讼过程 中. 为了避免原告遭受不可弥补损害之暂时性的、短期的、在法院决 定永久性禁令之前所给予之救济措施。2 禁令制度划分 基于美国的法律制度基本仿效了英国的法律模式 , 美、英两国在 临时禁令制度上存在诸多相同之处， 美国的禁令制度主要分为临时限 制令、初步禁令和永久禁令， 临时限制令和初步禁

25、令相对于永久禁令 而言，属于临时禁令措施。 在美国的司法实践中，常在判例中将禁令 称为“非常的法律救济” ，其目的旨在当申请人的明确权利或公共利 益将面临更大的损害时， 采取的要求被申请人的作为或不作为的救济 措施。2.1 临时限制令 临时限制令作为初步禁令的前一阶段， 依申请人的单方申请， 在 诉讼前启动，并以书面或口头形式作出。仅在某些特殊情况下，如原 告清晰表明在发出禁令听审前可能发生直接的不可挽回的损失或以 书面形式证明其已作出的努力及不应发出通知的理由成立时， 允许法 院不经通知被申请人或其律师而直接颁布。 鉴于临时限制令的这一情 形，并非所有当事人都收到禁令决定的通知， 难免造成对

26、缺席者权利 的不公正对待，因此，临时限制令的有效期间较短， 在作出后的 10 日 后终止，除非申请人有理由表明该禁令可以再延长 10 日或被申请人 同意的情况下，临时限制令可以再延长 10 日，当然在此期间，为使 得法院不撤销临时限制令， 申请人应当及时申请初步禁令， 当临时限 制令的获得，没有通知被申请人时，申请人应在 2 日内或法院要求 的更短时间内将申请和临时限制令的裁定一并送达被申请人， 在该期 限内，被申请人则有权要求出庭并申请撤销、变更该裁定，这种情况 下，法院应当以公平公正的原则及时对被申请人的请求进行审理， 以 决定是否作出撤销或变更的裁定。2.2 初步禁令初步禁令又称预备性禁令， 是在申请人提起诉讼后， 法院作出最 终判决前， 经过听证和辩论程序由法院作出的救济措施， 其效力持续 到最终判决生效之日。 与临时限制令同为临时救济措施， 但初步禁令 的一个不同之处在于程序要求非常严格， 一般禁令的颁布都必须经过 向被申请人送达通知， 进行交