(修改)高中非谓语动词课件

1、1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2. 非谓语词：非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）就是不能作谓语的动词变形）判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法leavingleft 由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.The man took out the key, _ (open) the do

2、or and entered the room.2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve

3、 1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.表语表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等定语、状语等.动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 动词不定式的基本构成动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。

4、其否定式由not+不定式构成主动态被动态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式to doto be doneto have doneto have been done to be doingto have been doing_(see) you again._ (read) _ (write) (work) to seeto seeto be readingto have written如何确定动词不定式的语态如何确定动词不定式的语态技巧：找逻辑主语技巧：找逻辑主语1. I opened the door _ (enter) the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to att

5、end the meeting _ (hold) tomorrow. 一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。to enterto be held (二）进行式（三）完成式 1. I am very glad _ (work) with you.2. The book is said _(translate) into English.如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。to be workingto have been translatedEXX. Fill in the blanks with the words given.1

6、. Tom happened _ (pass) by when they spoke ill of him.2. We all hope _ (become) scientists.3. We all want _ (take) part in the sports meet.4. I happened _ (read) the article when he asked me about it.5. He pretended _ (be) a driver.6. When the father came home, the naughty boy pretended _ (do) his h

7、omework. to be passingbe becometo taketo have readto beto be doing_ (write) 8. He is said _ (send) to London already.9. She is said _ (meet) a fairy one day.10. Alice is said _ (do) her homework in her own room now.11. I dont expect them _ (wait) for me when I arrived there so late.12. These boys ar

8、e said _ (praise) for doing goods deeds.to have been sentto have metto be doingto be waitingto be praised1.作主语作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt

9、 takes us an hour _ (get )there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ (help) the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ (spend ) our holiday in the mountains二二. 动词不定式的句法作用动词不定式的句法作用非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解to getto helpto spend句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of

10、sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor _ us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind _ you to give me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.yo

11、u are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解forforofof2.作表语作表语1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性一致性) _(do) two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。 _ (see) is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)系动词be, appear, seem, prove后用to do形式做表语；be to do ,be abou

12、t to do结构表将来时:He is to marry Rose.He was about _ (enter) when he heard a cry.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解To do To seeto enter3).如果主语是以如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用。语的内容做具体说明作用。His wish is _ (buy) a car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远

13、的将来买一辆轿车。The most important thing is _ (take) measures to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染4).What she wants to do most now is _ (travel) abroad.(主语是what, all引导的名词性从句)非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解to buyto taketo travelExx:1.To live is _ (struggle).2.Her wish is _ (become) a doctor.3.I was just about _ (leave)

14、the office when the phone rang.4.My job is _ (look) after the children today.5.我们计划去参观那个大型工厂。 We _ the large factory.6. What interested me most was _ (find) such a thing in the forest.7. The captain seemed _(hesitate) for a moment.8. His words proved _ (correct).to struggleto becometo leaveto lookar

15、e to visitto findto hesitateto be correct常见动词有：常见动词有：口诀口诀:想要决定同意，希望许诺选择需要想要决定同意，希望许诺选择需要 want, decide, agree, wish, hope ,promise , choose, need3.作宾作宾 语语 如：如：want to do I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语6. The patient desired _ (tell) the truth.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解

16、to be told 不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别很很大大 : remember forget regret try mean stop go on cant help非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. resting

17、C. to restD. rest3. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Exx.1.The teacher is coming, lets stop _ (talk).2.She tried _ (read), but couldnt make her forget her trouble.3.He forgot even _ (write) to me, so he wrote anothe

18、r one.4.I remember _ (bring) the book to you last week.5.I regret _ (tell) that we cant take your advice.6. Revolution means _(liberate) the productive forces.7. Go on _ (do) the other exercise after youhave finished this one.8. Though it began to rain, they went on _ (get)In the crops on the field.

19、talkingreadingwritingbringingto tellliberatingto dogetting注意句型：注意句型： it作形式宾语作形式宾语 如：如：find it +adj+ to doI find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel _ interesting to work with him注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 Subject+

20、find/think/feel/make/ consider +adj/n + to do sth. 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解it宾语宾补2) consider what to do tell me what to do 有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语或宾补。（代）词，一起充当宾语或宾补。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，等，但不可以但不可以是是why。They are considering what to do next.They told me what to do n

21、ext.注意句型：注意句型：非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解（宾语）（宾语） （ 宾补）宾补）1. 你能告诉我该如何解决这个问题吗？ Could you tell me _ the problem.2. 我们想知道下周我们去哪里? We wonder _ next week.3. We have no idea about what _ (do) next.4. She gave us some advice on how _ (learn) foreign language.5. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont k

22、now _ (该选哪个).how to solvewhere to goto do to learnwhich to choose促使）促使） oblige（强制，迫使）（强制，迫使）非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语1.The soldiers forced the enemy _ (give) in.2.Our teacher advises us _ (do) more reading aloud every morning.3.They would not allow him _ (risk) going across the enemy line.4.Will

23、you permit me _ (go) to the cinema?5.The young man persuaded his father _ (give) up smoking.6.The government calls on people_ (protect) the environment.7.We can depend on the workers _ (carry) out the plan.to giveto doto riskto goto giveto carryto protect8. Greenhouse gases cause the earths atmosphe

24、re _ (heat) up.to heat非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解例如：例如：注意：注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时，当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不其后的不定式则要加上定式则要加上“ to” 如：如： He is often heard _ (sing) the songHe was seen _(enter) the room. to singto enter非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the f

25、lowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A. not to look B. to not lookC. dont lo

26、ok D. not look help(to) watercryto cryto be taken非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解让，要让，要 have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事让某人做某事 = have sth. done 让某事被做让某事被做 例：例： I have him _ (repair) my watch. =I have my watch _ (repair). have sb./ sth. doing 让某人或某事一直进让某人或某事一直进 行某动作或保持某状态行某动作或保持某状态 例：例： I had my car waiting

27、 outside. I wont have you smoking. have sth. to do 有某事要做有某事要做 repairrepairedExx:1.I had him _ (repair) my bike. = I got him _ (repair) my bike.2. It is too cold, we have the fire _ （burn) all night long.3. He had me _ (wait) for a long time.4. I want to have this film _ (develop) .repairto repairbur

28、ningwaitingdeveloped非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解 动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to 词组词组 had better, would rather, had rather, rather than, cant (help) but, might as well（不妨）（不妨） Lets finish the work today rather than _ (leave) it off till tomorrow. 句型句型 Why not Why not join us? 在介词在介词but, except, besides前面的结构中，有行为动词前面的结构中，有行为动词do

29、, choose ( do / choosebut do sth. 其它动词其它动词 but to do sth. )leave1.Yesterday I did nothing but _ (watch) TV.2.He wanted nothing but _ (enjoy) himself at the moment.3.At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _ (lay) down their guns.4.We can not choose but _ (hear).5.Bod did nothing except _ (play)

30、 tennis.6.We had nothing to do except _ (fight) against the pollution.7.It had no effect except _ (make) him angry.watchto enjoyto layto hearplayfightto make另：nothing but仅仅，只不过,只有I want nothing but the best for my children.Youre nothing but a thief.我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。你只不过是个小偷。：不定式做定语时一般修饰：不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做

31、的事将要去做的事。I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. 我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is very important.5.作作定语定语eg.eg.I have something to tell you. 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解to be he

32、ld1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? ( (区别主被动）区别主被动）比较：比较： have some clothes to wash have some clothes to be washedShe has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解自己洗自己洗别人洗别人洗1.Im hungry. Get me somethin

33、g_ (eat).2.He will show you the right path_ (take).3.Those who have questions _ (ask) put up your hands.4.The books _ (send) to the poor mountain areas next week have been here.to eatto take5. He has a lot of work _ (do) today, so he cant go with us.6. We have a composition _ (write).7. He told me a

34、bout the things_ (discuss) at the next meeting.8. They have paid for the house _(build) next year.to askto be sentto doto writeto be discussedto be built不定式为不及物动词时，须加介不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room _(live). I need a pen to write _. 我需要一支笔写字。（介词不能省略）Please give me a knife _(cut). to live in

35、to cut withwith非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1. We are looking a room _.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say. please find a piece

36、of paper （写上）（写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）（写）to write onto write with非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2）不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系）不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系 She is the last to leave the room.不定式修饰的名词前有不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，序数词，序数词(first, second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语后置定语,与其所修饰与其所修饰的词有的

37、词有逻辑上逻辑上主谓关系主谓关系Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解这样的名词常用的有：这样的名词常用的有：way，time，reason，chance，opportunity，need，wish，right，plan, ambition, effort等。等。如1.Its time for you _ up and go to school. 你该起床去上学了。 2.There is no reason _ his word. 没有理由怀疑他的话。 3.They have no

38、w an opportunity _ abroad to study further. 他们现在有机会出国深造。3）不定式与所修饰词的有同位关系（）不定式与所修饰词的有同位关系（前抽象后具前抽象后具体体），即不定式短语说明前面名词或代词的内），即不定式短语说明前面名词或代词的内容。容。 I have no chance to go there.to getto doubtto go (4)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。同根名词也常用不定式做定语。 如：1.He made an attempt to learn Eng

39、lish well.他试图学好英语。(attempt to do sth) 2.His ability to get on with people is his chief advantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。(be able to do sth) 3.I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。(promise to do sth)Exx:1.You have no right _ (stop) me from going in there.2.There are no plans _ (build) new o

40、ffices.3.The local clubs are making every effort _ (interest) more young people.4.There is no need for you _ (get) up early tomorrow.5.It has been her lifelong ambition _ (become) a successful writer.6. The last man _ the sinking ship was the captain. A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. to have left t

41、o stopto buildto interestto getto become7. His wish _ a doctor came true. A. coming B. come C. to come D. came8. He is always the first _ and the last _. A. of coming, of leaving B. comes, leaves C. to come, to leave D. coming, leaving6.作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were

42、 very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school only to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him(目的目的) (原因原因)(结果结果) (条件条件)1）不定式做目的状语，相当于用）不定式做目的状语，相当于用in order to，so as to引导的目的状语。引导的目的状语。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1.He bent down _ (pick) the pen lying on the floor.2.He bent down and _ (pick)

43、the pen lying on the ground.3.The teacher did what she could _ me with my lessons. A. help B. helps C. helped D. to help4. The doctor did everything he could _ (save) the patient.5. Every minute is made full use of _ (study) our lessons.6. _ the first bus, he got up early. A. To keep up B. So as to

44、keep up C. Keep up D. In order keep up to pickpickedto saveto study掌握含有目的状语的几种句式： He got up early to catch the first bus.= He got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus.=_, he got up early.=_ the first bus, he got up early.=He got up early _ _ _ he could catch the first bus.= He got up early _ _ _ catch

45、 the first bus.=He got up _ _ _ _ catch the first bus. 注：1、so as to do结构不能放于句首； 2、in order to do 结构，可以与in order that 目的状语从句转换To catch the first busIn order to catchso as toso early as toin order thatin order to2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词形容词/副词副词

46、+ as to，too.to 引导。引导。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? 请您从这边走好吗？I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。He is brave enough to go out alone at night非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解掌握tooto的不同含义。be+形容词（副词+enough to do sth.“足以以至于可以干too to do sth.太而不能（否定含义）too + willing / ready / gl

47、ad / anxious to do sth.等时，too 的意思是very的意思，此时是肯定含义“非常乐意做某事/非常着急想做某事1.The question is simple enough for us to answer. 2.The question is too difficult for to answer. 3. The young man is too willing to do the old living around here.这个问题够简单的，我们能回答上来。这个问题太难了，我们回答不了。这位年轻人非常愿意为住在这儿周围的老人做点事。4. They seemed to

48、 be too anxious to leave.他们似乎太着急而想赶快离开。动名词（动名词（gerund）一一. 动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成二二. 动名词的性质动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰I hope you dont mind my saying it.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done主动语态被动语态一般式完成式非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解口诀口诀 动

49、名词在句中的功能及其它动名词在句中的功能及其它“动名动名”语法其功能，名词特征有动、形，语法其功能，名词特征有动、形， 主宾表定都可作，主宾表定都可作，“动名动名”、“现分现分”要认清，要认清，“现分现分”不作不作“宾宾”和和“主主”，动名作，动名作“状状”可不行。可不行。 二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许，二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许， 主谓关系视分词，主谓关系视分词，“动名动名”一词无此义。一词无此义。2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted on leaving

50、at once.三三.动名词的作用动名词的作用1.可作主语可作主语Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.=It impossible to do sth.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1.Its no use doing sth. = Its useless doing sth. 做某事是没有用的/

51、做某事是无济于事的2. Its no good doing sth. 做某事是没有效果的。3. Its no fun doing sth. 做某事不玩/ 做某事没有意思。Eg. Its no fun living on your own.独自生活没有意思4. Its a shame doing sth.做某事很可惜/ 做某事很遗憾5. Its a waste of time / money doing sth.做某事是浪费时间/钱。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解It is no use crying.It is no good objecting.Looking after the patien

52、ts is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.哭是无济于事的。反对无效。这是不可能的事情。/这不是轻而易举的事。There is no joking不是轻而易举的事/不是好玩的。掌握动名词doing和动词不定式to do做主语的区别：1._（see) is believing.2._ (see) is to believe.表语是动名词（doing)形式，主语也应用动名词(doin

53、g)形式。主语是动词不定式(to do),表语也用动词不定式(to do)。整个句子的非谓语动词要一致。3. The old mans _ (take) pity on the snake led to his own death. 4. His _ (work) all night in the rain caused him tocatch a cold.5. His _ (come) back made his mother happy.在口语中用动名词做主语置于句首的情况要比动词不定式多 SeeingTo see takingworkingcoming不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式

54、与动名词作主语的区别：A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的， 可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是： (表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc.to do 表示具体的动作，表示具体的动作，-ing form表示泛指的动作，通表示泛指的动作，通常常2.可作动词宾语可作动词宾语 S

55、. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词特殊动词接特殊动词接“动名动名”，使用它们要记清，使用它们要记清， 避免错过避免错过 (少) 延期延期 avoid / miss /delay/postpone建议完成建议完成 (多) 练习练习 suggest / advise/ finish /practise喜欢想象喜欢想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ re

56、sist / cant help承认承认 否定否定 (与) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit / deny/envy逃脱逃脱 冒险冒险 (莫) 原谅原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 (不) 在意在意 stand / keep / keep on / mind掌握它们今必行。掌握它们今必行。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解技巧技巧1非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解技巧技巧2 prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant

57、 help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)作介词作介词/短语动词的宾语短语动词的宾语:S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g.She sat there without _ (speak)I look forward to_ (see) him again.Are you used to_ (live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _ (laugh).I dont feel like _ (go)

58、 to see the film.He was busy_ (prepare) his lessons.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解speakingseeinglivinglaughinggoingpreparing7. Most of them objected to_ (leave) in such a hurry. 8. These men have devoted themselves to _ (train) young man in order to set the worlds record.9. How about Li Ming _ (help) you with the j

59、ob.10. The mother warned her son against _ (fight) with other boys.11. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ (catch).12. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying somethingthey dont really need.13. While were developing agriculture and industry we must prevent ear

60、th _ (pollute). leavingtraininghelpingfightingbeing caught being persuadedbeing polluted以下词组中的to均为介词，to后应用动名词doing形式或用名词、代词宾格做宾语：refer to 参考，谈到 pay attention to注意到stick to 坚持做be/get used to 习惯于object to反对devote oneself to把奉献给掌握动名词一般式（doing)与动名词完成式（havingdone)的区别：1.The Department of Education gave hi