2012全国职称英语考试真题及参考答案 卫生类 A级

1、2012年职称英语等级考试真题(卫生类A级）第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.A. control                    &#

2、160;     B. easy                       C. experience             D. suffer2. Our aim was to update the health

3、service, and we succeeded.A. offer                             B. provide              

4、60;   C. modernize              D. fund3. She moves from one exotic location to another.A. unusual                     &

5、#160;   B. familiar                  C. similar                    D. proper4. Nothing would induce me to vote

6、 for him again.A. teach                             B. help                 

7、;       C. discourage             D. attract5. The photographs evoked strong memories of our holiday in France.A. refreshed              

8、60;       B. stored                    C. blocked                  D. erased6. The weather

9、 was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. hot                                B. heavy     

10、;                C. fresh                      D. windy7. Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known s

11、ports personality.A. success                         B. description             C. evidence     

12、;           D. plan8. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous completely.A. slightly                         B. completely&#

13、160;            C. partly                     D. faintly9. The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.A. big      

14、;                          B. empty                    C. long   

15、                    D. now10. We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A. overtook             

16、0;         B. hit                          C. passed              

17、;      D. found11. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a peep look.A. chance                          B. visit  

18、;                      C. look                       D. try12. He has been granted as

19、ylum in France.A. power                           B. relief                  

20、60;   C. protection              D. license13. He was weary of the constant battle between them.A. fond                    &#

21、160;        B. tired                       C. proud                 &#

22、160;   D. afraid14. Newborn babies can discriminate between a mans and a womans voice.A. treat                              B. distinguish &

23、#160;           C. express                   D. analyzes15. All the flats in the building had the same layout.A. color       

24、                      B. size                        C. function  

25、0;              D. arrangement第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。The Mind-Body ConnectionsNorman Cousins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964, he r

26、eturned from an overseas trip and then became very ill. In the hospital, he had terrible pain and couldnt move his body. Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis（强直性脊柱炎）and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of surviving. They gave him powerful drugs, but his condition o

27、nly got worse.Cousins had read about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for ones health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition.He left the

28、 hospital and moved into a hotel room. There, he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons. He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him. His plan was to spend the whole day laughing and thinking about happy things. On his first night in the ho

29、tel, Cousins found that laughing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain. For the first time in weeks, he could sleep comfortably for a few hours. Every time the pain came back, he watched another funny movie and laughed until he felt better.Over time, Cousins was able to m

30、easure changes in his body with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work.C

31、ousins later wrote a book about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didnt believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease. But since then, research has found that emotions do have a strong effect on physical health, and experiments

32、found that laughter can help to reduce pain. Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies.16. Norman Gousins became ill while he was traveling in another country.A. Right               

33、                 B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned17.

34、Doctors told Cousins that he would probably die from his disease.A. Right                                B. Wrong     &#

35、160;                        C. Not mentioned18. Drugs helped to stop the pain of Cousinss disease.A. Right             &

36、#160;                  B. Wrong                              C. Not me

37、ntioned19. Cousins started watching movies because he was bored.A. Right                                B. Wrong     

38、60;                        C. Not mentioned20. Cousins spent a lot of time laughing every day.A. Right              

39、;                  B. Wrong                              C. Not mentio

40、ned21. Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain.A. Right                                B. Wrong     

41、0;                        C. Not mentioned22. When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him.A. Right             

42、;                   B. Wrong                              C. Not

43、mentioned第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patients immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical a

44、nd mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.2 MS p

45、atients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form （复发型）and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（减轻）.which means that a persons normal functions return for a period of time before the

46、system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, loss of physical and cognitive functions

47、 starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.3 In the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis.4 The expected course of the d

48、isease, or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the patients individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received.

49、In some cases a near-normal life span is possible.5 The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40. It is m

50、ore common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.23. Paragraph 1_24. Paragraph 2 _25. Paragraph 3_26. Paragraph 4_A. The cause of MSB. The relapsing form of MSC. The treatment for MSD. The primary progressive form of MSE. The definition of MSF

51、. The development of MS    27. MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and _28. An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by _29. 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having _30. Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the d

52、isease than _ A. relatives of MS patientsB. the elderly peopleC. the diseaseD. the progressive formE. the brainF. life expectancy第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in m

53、any countries. However，one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of i

54、ts people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measure

55、d their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peo

56、ples happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are

57、 happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living long

58、er. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangch

59、uck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol

60、for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian lea

61、ders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A president.B. A Buddhist priest.C. A general.D. A ki

62、ng.32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its population grow.B. To keep it separate from the world.C. To encourage its people to get rich.D. To keep its tradition and customs.33. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. selling more products.B.

63、 spending more money.C. spending less money.D. providing more jobs.34. According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have new technology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable government.D. have more money.35. Today, many countries areA. using the principles of GNH to measure their pro

64、gress.B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.第二篇  CaffeineCaffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine

65、for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤）skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiatio

66、n, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(子宫内膜的) cancer - that is, cancer of th

67、e cells lining the uterus - The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen(雌性激素) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a

68、 day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化）and liver cancer.While many of caffeines undesirable effects, such as elevated heart rate

69、and blood pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps th

70、e body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收缩）blood vessels in the brain, it can alleviate headaches - even migraines(偏头痛) and can help counter the drowsiness（眩晕）caused by antihistamines(抗组胺药).Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for peo

71、ple who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina - hence its addition to energy-boosting spo

72、rts drinks.People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side e

73、ffects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in ones diet.36. Drinking coffee or tea may helpA. lower t

74、he incidence of being overweight.B. lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.C. increase the incidence of endometrial cancer.D. increase the incidence of liver cancer.37. Caffeine is used toA. reduce high blood pressure.B. relieve headaches.C. cure liver cancer.D. treat skin cancer.38. Some a

75、thletes use caffeine toA. improve their speed.B. increase their endurance.C. maintain their alertness.D. relax their muscles.39. Caffeine withdrawal symptomsA. can become an ongoing problem.B. may last as long as a week.C. are weight loss and mental disorder.D. are usually short-lived.40. Drinking t

76、hree cups of coffee a dayA. may not be recommended by most doctors.B. is harmful to healthy people.C. will probably not cause problems.D. may benefit sensitive people.第三篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by

77、 a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many p

78、eople struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health e

79、xperts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly hea