2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案

1、WORD格式权威师资优质教学博仁考研2016 考研英语 (一)真题及参考答案2016 年研究生考试已经结束，博仁教育老师整理出2016 考研英语一真题及参考答案，2016 年考生可以评估一下分数，稍作休整养精蓄锐后备战复试。2017 年考生更要充分利用好2016 年的真题，了解出题要点，有的放矢备战2017 年考研。Section Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。 Choose the best word（ s） for each numbered blank and mark A，B， C or D on the ANSWER

2、 SHEET 。（ 10 points）In Cambodia ， the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male。 It may involvenot only his parents and his friends， _1_ those of the young woman， but also a matchmaker。A young man can _2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriagenegotiations，

3、or the young man sparents may make the choice of a spouse， giving the childlittletosay intheselection 。 4 ， a girlmay vetothe spouse her parentshave chosen 。 5aspousehasbeen selected， eachfamilyinvestigatesthe othertomake sureitschildismarrying6agood family。The traditional wedding is a long and colo

4、rful affair。 Formerly it lasted three days， _7 _ by the1980s itmore commonly lasteda day and a half。 Buddhistpriests offera shortsermonand _ 8 _ prayers of blessing。 Parts of the ceremony the bride s and groom s wrists ， and_10_ a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife s parents and may_

5、 12_ with them upto a year， _ 13_ they can build a new house nearby。Divorce is legal and easy to_ 14_， but not common。 Divorced persons are_ 15_ with somedisapproval。 Each sprouse retains_ 16_ property he or she_ 17_ into the marriage， andjointly-acquiredpropertyis_ 18_ equally。Divorcedpersons may r

6、emarry ，buta gender prejudice_19_ up ： The divorced male doesn t have a waiting period before he can remarry_ 20_ the womanmust wait ten months。1。 Aby way ofBon behalf ofCas well asDwith regard to2。 Aadapt toBprovide forCcompete withDdecide on3。 AcloseBrenewCarrangeDpostpone专业资料整理第 1 页被学员誉为“最信得过、最值得

7、上”的辅导班4。 AAbove allBIn theoryCIn timeDFor example5。 AAlthoughBLestCAfterDUnless6。 AintoBwithinCfromDthrough7。 AsinceBbutCorDso8。 AcopyBtestCreciteDcreate9。 AfoldingBpilingCwrappingDtying10。 ApassingBlightingChidingDserving11。 AmeetingBcollectionCassociationDunion12。 AgrowBpartCdealDlive13。 AwhereasB

8、untilCifDfor14。 AobtainBfollowCchallengeDavoid15。 AisolatedBpersuadedCviewedDexposed16。 AwhateverBhoweverCwheneverDwherever17。 AchangedBbroughtCshapedDpushed18。 AwithdrawnBinvestedCdonatedDdivided19。 AbreaksBwarmsCshowsDclears20。 AsoBwhileConceDinthatText 1France ， which prides itself as the global

9、innovator of fashion， has decided its fashionindustry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women。 Its lawmakers gavepreliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin modelson runaways 。 The parliamentalsoagreed to ban websitesthat“ inciteexce

10、ssivethinness ” bypromoting extreme dieting。Such measures have a coupleof upliftingmotives 。 They suggestbeautyshould not be definedby looks that end up impinging on health。 That s a start。 And the ban on ultra-thin modelsseems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some

11、 have done。 Ittells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women，especially teenage girls， about the social tape-measure they must use to determine theirindividual worth。第 2 页权威师资优质教学博仁考研The bans， iffullyenforced ，would suggestto women （and many men） thattheysh

12、ouldnotletothersbe arbitersof theirbeauty 。 And perhapsfaintly， theyhintthatpeopleshouldlookto intangiblequalitieslikecharacterand intellectratherthandietingtheirway tosizezeroor wasp-waist physiques。The French measures ， however ， relytoo much on severepunishmentto change a culturethatstillregardsb

13、eauty as skin-deep-andbone-showing 。 Under the law ， usinga fashionmodel thatdoes not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85， 000 fine and sixmonths in prison。The fashionindustryknows ithas an inherentproblemin focusingon materialadornment andidealizedbody types 。 InDenma

14、rk， theUnitedStates ， and a few othercountries， itis tryingto set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement 。In contrast to France s actions， Denmark s fashion industry agreed last month on rulesand sanctionsregardingthe age， health， and otherch

15、aracteristicsof models 。 The newly revisedDanish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states： “ We are aware of and take responsibility forthe impactthe fashionindustryhas on body ideals， especiallyon young people 。” The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agenc

16、ies to CopenhagenFashion Week（ CFW）， whichis run by the Danish Fashion Institute。 But in general itrelieson a name-and-shame method of compliance。Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may bethe best step。 Even better would be to help elevate notions of be

17、auty beyond the materialstandards of a particular industry。21。 According to the first paragraph， what would happen in France？ANew runways would be constructed。BPhysical beauty would be redefined。CWebsites about dieting would thrive。DThe fashion industry would decline。22。 The phrase“ impinging on” （

18、Line2 ， Para.2 ） is closest in meaning toAheightening the value of。Bindicating the state of。第 3 页被学员誉为“最信得过、最值得上”的辅导班Closing faith in。Ddoing harm to。23。 Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？ANew standards are being set in Denmark。BThe French measures have already failed。CModels are

19、 no longer under peer pressure。DIts inherent problems are getting worse。24。 A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW forApursuing perfect physical conditions。Bcaring too much about models character。Cshowing little concern for health factors。Dsetting a high age threshold for models。25。 Which o

20、f the following may be the best title of the text？AA Challenge to the Fashion Industry s Body IdealsBA Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceCJust Another Round of Struggle for BeautyDThe Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in th

21、e country。 In Britainthishas had a curiousresult。 Whilepolls show Britonsrate“ thecountryside” alongsidetheroyalfamily ， Shakespeareand theNationalHealthService（ NHS） as what makes them proudestof their country， this has limited political support。A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trus

22、t not to rescue stylish houses but tosave“ the beauty ofnaturalplacesfor everyoneforever。” It was specificallyto providecitydwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“ a refreshing air。” Hillspressures laterled to thecreationofnationalparksand green belts。They dontmake countrysidea

23、ny more ， and every year concrete consumes more of it。 It needs constant guardianship。At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment。 TheConservatives planningreform explicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation ，even authorizing “ off-plan” buildingwher

24、e localpeoplemightobject。Theconceptof sustainable第 4 页权威师资优质教学博仁考研developmenthas been definedas profitable。 Labourlikewisewants to discontinuelocalplanningwhere councilsoppose development 。 TheLiberalDemocratsare silent。 Only Ukip ， sensingitschance ， hassided withthosepleading fora more considered

25、approach to usinggreenland 。 ItsCampaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties。The sensibleplace tobuildnew houses ， factoriesand officesiswhere people are ， incitiesand towns where infrastructure is in place。 The London agents StirlingAckroyd recentlyidentified

26、 enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone， with no intrusionon green belt。 What is true of London is even truer of the provinces。The ideathat “ housingcrisis” equals“ concretedmeadows” ispure lobbytalk 。 The issueis not the need for more houses but， as always， where to put the

27、m。 Under lobby pressure，George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal。 He favoursout-of-town shopping sites against high streets。 This is not a free market but a biased one。Rural towns and villageshave grown and willalwaysgrow。 They do so best where buildingsticksto the

28、ir edges and respectstheircharacter。 We do notruinurbanconservationareas 。 Why ruinrural ones？Development should be planned， not let rip。 After the Netherlands， Britain is Europes most crowded country。 Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retainan enviableruralcoherence ， wh

29、ilestillpermittinglow-densityurban living。 Thereis no doubtof the alternative the corruptedlandscapesof southernPortugal ， Spainor Ireland。 Avoidingthis rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum。26。 Britains public sentiment about the countryside_Adidn tstart

30、 till the Shakespearean age。Bhas brought much benefit to the NHS。Cis fully backed by the royal family。Dis not well reflected in politics。27。 According to Paragraph 2， the achievements of the National Trust are now being_Agradually destroyed。Beffectively reinforced。Clargely overshadowed。Dproperly pro

31、tected。第 5 页被学员誉为“最信得过、最值得上”的辅导班28。 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3？ALabour is under attack for opposing development。BThe Conservatives may abandon“ off-plan” building。CThe Liberal Democrats are losing political influence。DUkip may gain from its support for rural conservation

32、。29。 The author holds that George Osborne s preference_Ahighlights his firm stand against lobby pressure。Bshows his disregard for the character of rural areas。Cstresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis。Dreveals a strong prejudice against urban areas。30。 In the last paragraph， the author sh

33、ows his appreciation of_Athe size of population in Britain。Bthe political life in today s Britain。Cthe enviable urban lifestyle in Britain。Dthe town-and-country planning in Britain。Text 3“ There is one and only one social responsibility of business，” wrote Milton Friedman，a Nobelprize-winningeconomi

34、st“ Thatis ， touse itsresourcesand engage in activitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits。” Buteven ifyou acceptFiedmans premiseand regardcorporatesocialresponsibility（ CSR） policiesas a waste of shareholdersmoney， thingsmay not be absolutelyclear-cut.Newresearch suggeststhatCSRmay createmonetaryvalueforc

35、ompanies atleastwhenthey are prosecuted for corruption。The largestfirmsisAmericaand Britaintogetherspend more than$15 billiona yearon CSR ，according to an estimate by EPG，a consulting firm， This could add value to their businessesinthree ways.First ， consumersmay take CSRspendingas a “ signal” thata

36、 company s productsareofhighquality.Second， customersmay be willingto buy a company s productsas an indirectway todonateto thegood causesishelps 。 Andthird， througha more diffuse“ haloeffect，”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others。Previous studies on CSR have

37、had trouble differentiating these effects because consumerscan be affected by all three。 A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery第 6 页权威师资优质教学博仁考研prosecutions under America s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（ FCPA）。 It argues that sinceprosecutors do not consume a company s produc

38、ts as part of their investigations， they couldbe influenced only by the halo effect。The study found that， among prosecuted firms， those with the most comprehensiveCSRprogrammes tendedto getmore lenient penalties。 Their analysis ruled out the possibility thatitwas firms politicalinfluence， ratherthan

39、 theirCSRstand ，thataccounted forthe leniency：Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines。In all， the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based onitsmerits， theydo seen toinfluencedby a company s record inCSR。 “ Weestimatethatei

40、thereliminatinga substantiallabour-rightsconcern ， suchas childlabour ， orincreasingcorporategiving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishmentfor bribing foreign officials，” says one researcher。Researchersadmitthattheir study does not answerthequestionof h

41、ow much businessesoughttospendon CSR。 Nordoes itrevealhow much companies are bankingon thehalo effect， ratherthan the other possible benefits， when they decide their do-gooding policies。 But at leasthave demonstratedthatwhencompanies get into troublewiththelaw ， evidence of good charactercan win the

42、m a less costly punishment。31.The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR withA toleranceB skepticismC uncertainty Dapproval32.AccordingtoParagraph2，CSRhelpsacompanyAlwinningtrustfromconsumers 。B guardingitagainstmalpractices。C protectingitfrombeingdefamed。D raisingthequalityofitsproducts。

43、33.Theexpression“ morelenient” （ Line2，Para。 4） is closestinmeaning toAlmoreeffective。B lesscontroversial 。第 7 页被学员誉为“最信得过、最值得上”的辅导班C lesssevere 。D morelasting。34。 Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase，acompany sCSR recordAlhasanimpactontheirdecision。B comesacrossasreliableevidence 。Cincreasesthechanceofbein

44、gpenalized 。Dconstitutespartoftheinvestigation。35。 Whichofthe followingistrueofCSR， accordingtothe last paragraph ？AlItsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked。BThenecessaryamountofcompanies spendingon itisunknown。CCompanies financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated。DIthasbroughtmuchbenefitt

45、othebankingindustry。Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories onnewsprint。 Exactlywhen thatday willbe isa matterof debate 。 “ Sometime in the future“ thepaper s publisher said back in 2010。Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there s

46、plenty of incentive toditch print。 The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses。deliverytruck-isn t justexpensive； it s excessiveata time when online-onlycompetitiondon t have the same set financial constraints。 Readers are migrating away from print away，And althoughpr

47、intad salesstilldwarftheironlineand mobilecounterpartsrevenue from printis still declining。Overhead may be high and circulationlowe ， but rushingto eliminateitsprinteditorwouldbe a mistake， says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti。Peretti says the Times shouldn t waste time getting of the print business， onl

48、y if theygo about doing it the right away“ Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would makesense for them“ he said ， “ but if you discontinue it， you re going to have your most loyalcustomers really upset with you。“Sometimes that s worth making a change anyway“。 Peretti gives example of NetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingserviceto focuson streaming 。 ” Itwas seen as a blunder 。“ he第 8 页权威师资优质教学博仁考研said 。 The move turned out to be