Savingtheearth(TheFifthPeriod)

1、Savingtheearth (TheFifthPeriod)the fifth periodinversionteaching aim:learn and master the use of inversion.teaching important point:help tile students to make a summary of all kinds of inversion.teaching difficult point:help the students know in which cases full inversion is used and in which cases

2、partial inversion is used.teaching methods :revision; summary; explanation and inductive methods.teaching aids:a projector and the blackboardteaching procedures :step greetingsgreet the whole class as usual.step ii revision and lead-int: in unit 9, we've learnt some sentences in inverted word -o

3、rder. now, i'll showyou some sentences on the screen. please tell which are in natural or normal word-order and which are in inverted word-order. look at the screen and compare them carefully.(show the following on the screen.)out rushed the boy.the boy rushed out.only in this way can we lose we

4、ight.we can lose weight only in this way.t: who can tell us which are in normal word-order?s: i know. the second sentence in each pair is in normal wordbrder.t: how do you know?s: if the predicate comes after the subject, it is in normal word-order.t: very good. so the first sentence in each pair is

5、 in inverted word -order. in the first pair, the whole predicate of the first sentence comes before thesubject, in the second pair, part of the predicate of the first sentence comesbefore the subject. now, please look at the screen.(show the following on the screen and make brief explanation if nece

6、ssary.)word-ordernatural word-order : s+ vinverted word -order v+sauxiliary/modal + s+vstep hi summary and explanationt: if the predicate verb is placed before the subject, the sentence is said to bein inverted word-order. such a word-order is called inversion. we use inversion for two reasons. one

7、for the need of the grammatical structure of a given type of sentence, the other for emphasis of a certain part of a sentence. inversion happens in questions, and in a number of other cases. there are two main kinds of inversion. in some cases the whole verb comes before the subject. this kind of in

8、version is called full inversion. and in most cases,an auxiliary verb or a modal verb comes before the subject and the rest of the predicate verb comes after. if there's no auxiliary or modal verb, "do” “does” or “did” should be added. this kind of inversion is called partial inversion. now

9、, let s make a summary of the inverted cases. please look at the screen. in these cases, the whole predicate comes before the subject.共 7 页，当前第 1 页 1234567(show the following on the screen.)1. in the construction there be for existence e. g. there are some books on the table.there's a boy in the

10、 classroom.note: some other verbs can be used with “there” besides “to be” , such as: live, exist, remain, come, arise, appear, enter, follow and so on.e. g. there came shouts for help from the river. '. there remains nothing to be done.2. when the sentence begins with one of the adverbs, such a

11、s here, there, now, then, out, away, up, down, off, back, over.e. g, there goes the bell!in rushed the children.note: when the subject is a personal pronoun, inversion can't be used.e. g. there he comes.out he ran.3. when the sentence begins with“such” for referring back, whichmeans personor thi

12、ng of a special kind.e. g. such was albert einstein.such are the facts.note: the predicate must agree with the subject after it in person and number.4. when the sentence begins with a long adverbial expression of place, especiallya prepositional phrase denoting place.e. g. between the two buildings

13、stands a tall tree.south of the city lies a steel factory.note: some intransitive verbs like "come" "lie” "stand” "walk” often followafter the adverbial expressions of place.5. the whole or part of the direct speech is placed at the beginning, followed byverbs of reporting l

14、ike “answered john” “said the old lady"，which tell you who spoke or how they spoke.e. g. " help! ” shouted the boy." i've had enough : said john.note: when the subject is a pronoun, the verb normally comes after it.e. g. you are, i answered.when the verb of reporting is followed b

15、y an indirect object or an adverbial, the verb normally comes after the subject, inverted word-order is impossible共 7 页,当前第 2 页 1234567e. g. "why?” the teacher asked him.“both, sir." he answered proudly.6. to balance the sentence structure or to link the sentence closely.e. g. they reached

16、 a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of the kings and queens. note: pay attention to the “agreement” .t: in the following cases, part of the predicate comes before the subject.look at the screen.(show the following on the screen.)1. to avoi

17、d repetition, “so, neither nor” can be placed at the beginning of a sentence which says that people (or thing or situation)are the same as others that have just been mentioned.e. g. (1>-my mother is ill this week.-so is my sister.(2)-i can't speak french.-nor can i.(3)-my husband never touche

18、s a dryingup cloth.-neither does mine.note: "so" can also be used in a different sense, to introduce surprised agreement with what has been said, which means " yes, indeed! you're quite right. ” in this case, the same subject is mentioned. inversion is not used.e. g. -that's i

19、sabel, look!-so it is.2. in sentences beginning with negative expressions like never, seldom hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, not, nowhere ,by no means, in noway, at!no time, neither (nor).e. g. hardly do i think it possible.by no means shall we give up.neither will theory do without practi

20、ce; nor will practice do withouttheory.note: when “little " which does press negative is used as an adjective before the subject, natural word-order is used.e. g. little franz often played truant.3. in sentence structures like “not only，but (also) ；no sooner than ; hardly/scarcelywhen；not until

21、 ；sothat ；such that e. g. not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close tolosing ourlives.共 7 页，当前第 3 页 1234567hardly had i arrived when i had a new problem to cope with.no until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize howserious the problem was.so fast does light trave

22、l that it is difficult for us to imagine itsspeed.note: in all these sentences, inversion happens in the main clause, not in the subordinate clause.4. when “only” is used to modify an adverbial which is placed at the beginningof the sentence.e. g. only in this way can you succeed.only then did i rea

23、lize that i was wrong.note: when “only” is used for emphasis of a subject, normal word-order isused.e. g. only john knows the answer.5. in some special forms of unreal conditional clauses, when "if” is left out, the structure “were (should, had) i (you/he ,etc)” are used instead of "if i (

24、you/he, etc.) were (should, had)” .that is to say, inversion can be usedinstead of “if” .e.g. were he (= if he were) here now ,could ask him.should he (= if he should)come, tell him to ring me up.had you (= if you had ) not helped me, i d have failed.note: if there's no: "were" "h

25、ad" or"should“in the unreal conditionalclauses, inversion can't be used.6. in questionse. g. have you seen john?note: inversion is not always used in questions. like the following cases: (1) in a special question, if the subject is expressed or modified by an interrogative word ,the su

26、bject comes before the predicate.e. g. what happened to mary?how many people are listening to the lecture?(2)in some other cases:e. g. you've seen john?or “concession'.共 7 页，当i wondered whether he'd seen john.7. in sentences expressing “blessing”前第4页1234567e. g. may you succeed!may you g

27、ain still greater success!cost what it may, i'll stick it out.note: in "long live the people!" , inversion is used with the whole verb foret: now, let's look at the screen, there's another kind of inversion you shouldremember.(show the following on the screen.)in an adverbial c

28、lause introduced by “as” or “though” .structure:predicativeadverbial +as(though) +subject +verbe. g. much as i like it, 1 will not buy it.try as she might, she failed.child as he was, he had to make a living.note: (1)when the adverbial clause is introduced by “though”，inverted and natural word-order

29、 are both possible.e. g. though she is young, she knows a lot.young though she is, she knows a lot.(2)when the predicative is a countable noun in singular, "a" or “an” should be left out.e. g. hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.step iv practice and consolidationt: now, let's do so

30、me exercises. please look at the screen. finish them by yourself first and then check your answers in pairs.(show the following on the screen.)1. choose the best answers:1. if you don't go there,.a. so won't i b. nor do ic. neither shall i d. so don't i2.-he has passed the exam. .a. so h

31、ave i b. so i havec. i have so d. so did i3. hardly the bus station when the bus started.a. has she arrived atb. had reached shec. did she arrive atd. had she reached4. it rain, the crops would be saved.a. were to b. wouldc. should d. could共 7 页，当前第 5 页 12345675. listen!?.a. there the bell goesb. th

32、e bell goes therec. the bell goes thered. there goes the bell6. at no time beat student.a. teachers can'tb. i will teachersc. teachers will notd. can't teachers7. not until 7:00.a. he got upb. he didn't get upc. did he get upd. didn't he get up8. the film,1 would have told you someth

33、ing about it.a. have i seen b. had i seenc. should i see d. i had seen9. after that we never saw her again, nor from her.a. did we hear b. we heardc. had we heard d. we have heard10. he is unhappy,.a. so is she b. neither is shec. so isn't he d. nor isn't she(a moment later, check the answer

34、s with the whole class.)suggested answers:15 cadcd 610 bcbaa11. choose the best answers:1 .-do you know jim quarreled with his brother?-i don't know,a. nor don't i careb. nor do 1 carec. i don't care, neitherd. 1 don't care also2. not until i began to work _ how much time i had waste

35、d.a. didn't 1 realize b. did i realizec. i didn't realize d. i realized3. little about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.a. does he careb. did he carec. he caresd. he cared4. not only polluted but crowded.a. was tile city; were the streetsb. the city was; were the streets

36、c. was the city; the streets wered. the city was; the streets were5. so that no fish can live in it.a. the lake is shallowb. shallow the lake isc. shallow is the laked. is the lake shallow共 7 页，当前第 6 页 12345676. “it was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.”“ my god!a. so did i b. so i did7. so