主谓一致常考难题

1、主谓一致常考难题：Five mi nu tes is eno ugh to do this exerciseEach boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future.More tha n one stude nt has see n the film.Many a ship has bee n damaged in the storm.More members than one are against your plan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trous

2、ers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如：Truth and hon esty is the best policy.The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved

3、is the great happ in ess.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.当主语后面跟有 as well as, as much as , no less tha n, along with, with, like, rather tha n, together with, but, except, besides, in cludi ng, in additi on to等弓 I导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如：T

4、he teacher as well as the stude nts was excited.The room with its furn iture was ren tedA (great) number of修饰可数复数名词，谓语动词用复数；a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：Those who want to go please sig n your n ames here.Some of the en

5、 ergy that is used by man comes from the sun季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠!词。1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter形容词的顺序：系动词 be, grow, get, become, feel , appear, prove , seem, look , keep, smell , tast e, sound, turn ,remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形 体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料Those three bea

6、utiful large square old brow n wood table某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid , alike , alone , asleep , awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly , lively , lovely , lonely , likely ,deadly , silly ,orderly, timely 等。1)close 接近地closely仔细地，密切地2)free 免费地freely自由地，无拘束地3)hard努力地hardly几乎不4)late 晚，迟lately近来

7、5)most极,非常mostly 主要地6)wide广阔地，充分地widely 广泛地7)high 高highly高度地，非常地8)deep 深，迟deeply抽象意义的深9)loud大声地loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思10)near 邻近n early几乎bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least表示一方不及另一方时，用less +原级+ than ”的结构表示：This room is less beautiful than thatone.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，女口：even , a lota bi

8、t , a little , still , much, far, yet, by far 等修饰： He works even harder tha n before注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如放在前面，应在二者中间加“ the ”。He is taller by far tha n his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替than。superior ，junior ，senior等。He is superior to Mr

9、Wang in mathematics.在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those) , one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：The book on the table is more in teresti ng tha n that on the desk.A box made of iron is stron ger tha n one made of wood.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：A is three (four,etc.) times the size

10、(height, length, width,etc) of B.The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。高三倍A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, l ong, wide, etc.) as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, l on ger, wider)

11、 tha n B.例女口 :Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。表示两倍可以用 twice 或double 。表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme , perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。如果复数名词前有many few，不可数名词前有 much little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such。如：Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.Mr White got so little money a m

12、onth that he could hardly keep body and soul to gether.但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时，仍用such。如:They are such little childre n that the they cannot clea n the house by themselves.6)almost 与 nearly在 very, pretty, not 后用 nearly, 不用 almost。例如：rm not n early ready.在 any, no, none, never前用 almost, 不用 nearly 。例如：I

13、 almost n ever see her.need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用 must,have to, ought to 或 should 代替。例如：You n eed nt come so early.Need I finish the work today?Yes, you must.注意：need nt have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：You n eed nt have waited for me.“ should have do ne ”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。You should have

14、 started earlier.“ ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。You ought to have helped him (but you did nt)书报的标题，小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词 sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。The new produc

15、t sells well.这新产品很畅销。The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。在动词 arran ge,comma nd, dema nd, desire,i nsist, order,propose, request, require,suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should) +动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：We suggested that we (should) have a meeti ng.We in sisted that they (should) go with us. The doctor ordered that she （should） sta

16、y in bed for a few days.He dema nded that we （should） start right away.作 advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句禾口同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构（should） +动词原形”。例如： We all agr eed to his suggesti on that we（should） go to Beijing for sightsee ing.My idea is that we （should） do exercise

17、s first.在 feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中 ,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例如：I often hear himsing the song.He is ofte n heard to sing the song.注意：不定式动词在介词but, except, besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.女口：She could do nothing but cry.What do you

18、 like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式

19、：admit,appreciate, avoid, con sider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagi ne, in clude, keep, men tio n,min d,miss,practise, putoff, resist, risk, suggest, canthelp, cant stand（无法忍受 ）等。I tried not to go there.（我设法不去那里。）I tried doi ng it agai n.（我试着又干了一次。）mean to d

20、o 有意. mean doing 意味着.I mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些来。）Miss ing the train mea ns wait ing for ano ther hour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)allow, advise, forbid, permitWe dont allow smok ing here. We dont allow stude nts to smoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，若表示的含义是被动的必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式。例如：The wi ndow

21、n eeds(requires, wan ts)clea nin g(to be clea ned).在短语 devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,tha nk you for, excuse me for等后的动词也必须用动名词形式： I look forwardto heari ng from you soon.Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)Being written in haste, the composit

22、ion is full of mistakes.(原因，强调写的过程，故应用现在分词一般被动式 )Having bee n deserted by his guide, he could nt find his way through the jun gle.(为了强调已完成的动作)Asked to stay, I could nt very well refuse.这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked,也可能意味着 when/since I was asked,但用了 having been asked就不会有歧义。下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间

23、相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如：Covered with con fusio n, I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。Un ited, we sta nd; divided, we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。He used to live in London, use(d )nt he /did nt he?There used to be a cin ema here before the war, use(d )nt there /did nt there?Such things ought not to be allowed, oug

24、ht they?He ought to be puni shed, ought nt he?但在正式文体中，用ought we not 形式。例如：We ought to go, ought we not? 或 We ought to go ,should we not?含有情态动词 must的句子表示推则，作想必”解时，疑问部分不可用must nt。若前句强调对现在情况的推测，疑问部分用arent(isnt)十主语，例如：You must be tired,arent you?若陈述部分的 must表示有必要”时，附加疑问句部分则用 need nt。例如：You mus t go home

25、right now, n eed nt you?当must nt表示禁止时，附加疑问部分一般用must。如：You must nt walk on grass, must you?前句谓语动词是 must have +过去分词时，若前句强调对过去情况的推测 （一般有过去时间 状语）,疑问部分的谓语动词用 did nt +主语；若前句强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词 用 havent（hasnt） +主语，例如：He must have met her yesterday, did nt he?You must have see n the film, have nt you?陈述句谓语部分出

26、现否定词缀时（前缀或后缀）,疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfitfor his office, is nt he?女口果陈述部分包含有no, n ever, hardly, seldom, few, little ,no where, nothing等否定或半否定词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he?如果陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词，其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they。Every one knows his job, does nt he?Everyone knows th

27、eir job,d ont they?No one was hurt,were they?Im late, arent I?One cant be too careful,ca n on e（you）?Have a cup of tea, will you?Lets go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接词用 that （ 不用 which）及连接副词 how, when,where, why 等

28、。例如：His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reas on why there was a delay.关联词只能用 whether不能用if表示是否”的情况如下：A）在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing.The n ews whether our team has won the match

29、is unknown.B）在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether。例如：Whether we shall atte nd the meet ing has nt bee n decided yet.It has nt bee n decided whether（if）we shall atte nd the meeti ng.C）在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如：It all depe nds （on） whether they will support us.D）后面直接跟动词不定式时。He does nt know wh

30、ether to stay or not.E）后面紧接or not 时。We did nt know whether or not she was ready.F）引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.G）用 if 会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思：请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或如果你喜欢，请告诉我。”用了 whether就可以避免。在下面几种情况下必须用“that ”引导定语从句：1）先行词是不定代词：all,few,little,

31、 much,somethi ng, noth in g,a nythi ng等。All thatwe have to do isto practise every day.2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。The first less on that I learned will n ever be forgotte n.3）先行词被 all,any,every, each, few,little,no,some,等修饰。I have read all the book （that） you gave me.4）先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the

32、 last修饰时。He is the only pers on that I want to talk to.5）先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they rememberedin the school.如果是及物的就用th先行词是表示地点时，要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。at（which）,否则用where。This is the house where he lived last year.This is the house that (which) he visited last year.用no soone

33、rthan和hardlywhen引导的从句表示“刚就。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时；而且主句一般倒装，把助动词had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I en tered the room whe n I heard a loud no ise.代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。Here it is. Here he comes.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。South of the city lies a big steel factory.From the valley came a frighte ning sound.表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+

34、连系动词+主语”。Prese nt at the meeti ng were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the days whe n they could do what they liked to the Chin ese people.Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, can dles and toys.He has bee n to Beiji ng. So have I.Li Wei cant an swer the questi on. Neither can I.部分倒装用于省略 if