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1、最后复习中务必关注的英语考点最可能考到的英语时态英语一共有16种时态,中学阶段比较常用的有10种,但高考英语对时态的考查主要涉及四种,它们是一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。纵观去年全国18套高考英语试卷共涉及时态考点21道题,但其中有19题考的是上面提到的四种时态,约占整个时态考点的90%。由此可见这四种时态不仅重要,而且很 热” 【咼频考点一】-一般过去时考点的命题特点 1.利用插入成分考查一般过去时的用法As the years passed, many occasions birthdays, awards, graduations with Dad' sflow

2、ers.(湖南卷)A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked【解析】B。由于句中增加了插入成分birthdays, awards, graduations,使得句子的主语与谓语were marked分离,从而增加了考生对句子理解的难度。根据句意,空格处应填被动语 态;再根据句中的passed的时态特点可知,空格处也应用一般过去时,故选B。 2.利用标志性时间状语考查一般过去时的用法I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and Ithere several years ago.

3、( 全国 I)A. are goingB. had bee nC. wentD. have bee n【解析】C。根据句末的过去时间状语several years ago可知,此处应用一般过去时。 3.利用语境背景考查一般过去时的用法(1)When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where?( 重庆卷)A. did you goB. have you gone C. were youD. had you bee n【解析】C。句子的前半部分说上午打电话时没有人接电话,而后半部分问对方当时在 什么地方,显然,句子前后两

4、部分的时间应一致,即用一般过去时。(2) Ouch! You hurt me!I am sorry. But Iany harm. Ito drive a rat out.( 江西卷)A. didn ' t mean; triedB. don ' t mean; am tryingC. haven ' t meant; triedD. didn ' t mean; was trying【解析】D。第一空填一般过去时,指对前面发生的情况作出解释;第二空填过去进行 时,指过去正进行的动作。答语的意思是:对不起。但我不是有意要弄伤你,我是在把一只 老鼠赶出去。 4.利

5、用主句过去时谓语考查从句过去时的用法(1)The flowers were so lovely that theyin no time.( 全国 I)A. soldB. had bee n soldC. were soldD. would sell【解析】C。根据前面的过去式谓语were可知,后面也要用一般过去时;再根据 花”与 卖”的关系可知,此处要用被动语态,故选Co(2)The play had already bee n on for quite some time whe n weat the New Theatre.(浙江卷)A. have arrived B. arrivedC.

6、 had arrivedD. arrive【解析】B。由于句中的had already been用的是过去完成时,而根据句意,arrive显然应发生在其后,故要用一般过去时。全句意为:当我们到达新剧院时,戏已经演了好一会儿了。 【高频考点二】-过去进行时的命题特点综观所有的过去进行时考题, 它们无一例外地有个共同特点, 就是考查在特定语境背景 下某一动作正在进行的情形。请看实例:(1) It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh, don't mention it. I past your house anyway.

7、 (北京卷 )A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come【解析】 A 。根据前面一句中的 was 可知,搭车的事发生在过去,所以 “我开车要经过 你的家门口 ”也发生在过去,因此可排除B和D。而在剩下的A和C中,不能选C,是因为C 为过去完成时,表示 “过去的过去 ”,与句意不符。(2) I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening. Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. ( 福建卷 )A. wa

8、tchedB. had watchedC. would watchD. was watching【解析】D。表示过去正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。第二句的意思是:不可能。她 当时与我一起在我家看电视。(3) Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. Oh, nothing much. In fact, I of my friends back home. ( 全国 II)A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC. would just thinkD. will just be thinking【解析】B。指

9、刚刚在想念老家的朋友,故用过去进行时。(4) Did you see a man in black pass by just now? No, sir. I a newspaper. ( 四川卷 )A. readB. was readingC. would readD. am reading【解析】B。由于我刚才 正在看报”(was reading a newspaper;)所以没有看到有人经过。 根据语境,显然只有 B 最佳。 【高频考点三】 现在完成时的命题特点1. 根据特定语境和时态标志考查现在完成时的影响性用法(1) you him around the museum yet? Yes

10、. We had a great time there. (江苏卷 )A. Have; shown B. Do; showC. Had; shownD. Did; show【解析】A。根据问句中的yet可知,所谈论的事情发生在最近的过去,且问话者很关 心这个过去发生的事情对现在的影响和结果; 所以用现在完成时。 注意: 不要受答语中过去 式谓语 had 的影响而误选 C。(2) Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where yet. (浙江卷 )A. hasn 't b

11、een decidedB. haven 't decidedC. isn 't being decided D. aren 't decided【解析】A。根据句意,此处应用被动语态,不用主动语态;再根据句末的yet可知;最好用现在完成时。故选 A 最佳。2. 根据特定语境考查现在完成时的持续性用法(1) Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. ( 福建卷 )A. worksB. is workingC. has worked D. worked【解析】C。表示从过去一直持续到现在的

12、一段时间,要用现在完成时。(2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she English for a year. ( 湖南卷 )A. studiesB. studiedC. is studyingD. has been studying【解析】D。根据句中的现在进行时可排除B,再根据句中的for a year可知此题选现在完成进行时最佳,即选 D 。注:有时高考还会考查现在完成进行时的用法。如:(3)I have got a headache. No wonder

13、. You in front of that computer too long. ( 江西卷 )A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked【解析】C。由于在电脑前工作太久,所以导致了现在头痛的结果,故空格处应填现在 完成时或现在完成进行时,即答案选C。 【高频考点四】 过去完成时的命题特点高考英语对过去完成时的考查百分之百是根据 “过去的过去 ”这一语境来设题的。请看: (1)They became friends again that day. Until then, they to each other for nearly

14、 twoyears. (安徽卷 )A. didn 't speakB. hadn 't spoken C. haven 't spoken D. haven 't been speaking【解析】B。由于他们再次成为朋友发生在过去(因为became用的是一般过去时),这就说明他们差不多有两年没说过话属于 “过去的过去 ”,所以要用过去完成时。(2)I there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. ( 陕西卷 )A. would beB. have beenC. had

15、beenD. will be【解析】C。由于set to work with the scientist这一动作发生在过去,而 be there与set to work的先后关系是:be there在先,set to work在后。所以be there发生的时间属于 过去的 过去 ”,故用过去完成时(3)Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he did. He his old friends for a long time. ( 重庆卷 )A. didn 'etesB. wouldn 't seeC. ha

16、sn't seenD. hadn't seen【解析】D。由于见朋友发生在过去(即昨天),而很久没有见到朋友自然是昨天的见面之前,即属于过去的过去,故用过去完成时。最可能考的几个情态动词 【高频考点一】 -must/may/ could/ought to + have done“情态动词 +完成形式 ”是高考中很常见的一类题目,需要注意:不同情态动词与完成形式搭 配时表示的不同含义。【例 1】( 2005 年江苏卷) The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before sh

17、e returned. Oh, dear! She a lot of difficulties!A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through答案: D试题解析: 检查考生对情态动词表示判断的掌握和运用能力。 首先, 对过去发生事情的判断 用情态动词+完成形式;其次,ought to have done表示 本应该”即事情没有做,所以不符合语境。 must have done 表示“肯定 ”。【例 2】(2008 年山东卷) Thank you for all

18、your hard work last week. I don't think we _ iotuwtithyou.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 答案: Bcould试题解析:前句中有 last week 这个时间状语,可判断动作发生在过去,结合句意,用 have do ne表示原本能够做某事。 【高频考点二】-cancan常用于表示 能够”说明具有做某事的能力,但在近几年的高考中,can常考的类型是用于表示可能性的有时可能会”。【例 1 】(2008 年福建)t is u

19、sually warm in my hometown in March, but itbe rather coldsometimes.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would答案:B试题解析:这道题目的题干部分有对一般情况的说明,用“usually和“at times表示,说明通常情况之外,有时候会出现某些可能,所以都用到“ can来表示有时可能会。 【高频考点三】:should【例 1】(2008 年上海卷)According to the air traffic rules, you switch off your mobilephone before board in

20、g.A. may B. can C. would D. should答案:D试题解析:此句中的should表示这样做是最好的, 【高频考点四】:need n't【例 1 】(2004 年江苏卷)-I don't mi nd telli ng you what I know.-You . I'm not ask ing you for it.A. must n'tB. may not C. can't D. n eed n 't答案:D试题解析:考情态动词。前句话说:我不介意告诉你我所知道的事。后句说:你没有必要告 诉我,我并没有向你问此事。此时说

21、没有必要,不表禁止,所以选D。最可能考的几种非谓语动词【高频考点一】:过去分词充当定语和状语【例 1 】(2004 年江苏卷)A man is being questioned in relation to themurder last night.A. advised B. atte nded C. attempted D. admitted答案:C试题解析:此题四个选项都是过去分词,空格中缺定语,所以是过去分词作定语,表被 动和完成。合理句意应是:一个人生在接受(警察)有关昨晚故意杀人事件的询问,attempt是倾向,有意,企图 的意思,an attempted murder意为有企图或有

22、预谋的杀人 ”,故选C。 空内所填的词应与 murder有动宾关系。又如: a delayed flight (一次被推迟的航班),a newly-built park (一个新建的公园),人们可以推迟航班,新建公园,企图谋杀。其余三项 均无法构成与murder的合理的动宾关系,故排除。【例 2 ( 2005 年江苏卷) in the mountains for a week, the two stude nts were fin allysaved by the local police.A. Having lost B. LostC. Being lost D. Los ing答案:B试题

23、解析:检查考生对非谓语动词的掌握和运用能力。首先,表示失踪”用be lost;其次,语境中for a week,表示完成概念,所以用过去分词。 【高频考点二:非谓语动词的完成形式分词的完成式常体现在不同的非谓语动词形式中,常见的有havi ng done, to have done【例 1 The old man, abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 答案: D 试题解析:本题考非谓语动词的完成

24、形式。句中两个逗号中间的内容应是时间状语,故 全句解释为:在国外工作了二十年后,这位老人(已动身)正在归国途中。不定式作状语, 多表目的和结果,不合句意,排除A、C,分词作状语可表时间、方式、伴随。此处是已完成的主动的动作,不是正在进行当中的主动动作,所以排除B,选D,现在分词完成式表主动和完成(到谓语发生时,非谓语的动作已完成) 。最可能考的定语从句【高频考点一】 :非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是高考的常见类型题, 处理这类题目时, 首先需要能准确辨别是否是定 语从句, 其次, 判断出先行词部分, 另外, 还应注意考察部分是否存在其他考察内容。 如: 【例 1】( 2007 年江苏卷)

25、He was educated at the local high school, he went on toBeijing University.A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that答案 :A试题解析 : 此句显然考察定语从句,关键在于介词与从句的搭配,从句意来判断,用afterwhich引导定语从句,which指上面的句子 He was educated at the local high school,表示 在当地 高中受教育后上了北京大学 ”。【例 2】( 2008 年北京卷) I will give you my fr

26、iend's home address, I_c_a_n_be reachedmost evenings.A. which B. when C. whom D. where 答案: D试题解析:句中的非限制性定语从句的形式决定了关系词不可能用到that,要求学生能准确判断先行词与定语从句的关系,句子应该理解为:“大多数晚上都能在这个地址找到我。 ”【高频考点二】 :分隔性定语从句由于此类句式中先行词与定语从句被一些成分隔开, 处理分隔性定语从句时, 要点在于要能 清楚认识到先行词究竟是哪部分。如:【例 1】 Later in this chapter cases will be int

27、roduced to readers ? ? consumercomplaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2007 江西卷 )A. where B. when C. who D. which 答案: A试题解析:定语从句的先行词应为“ cases”句子表示:在这些案件中,顾客的抱怨导致了法律的改变。case常用于固定短语in this case中,所以,空格部分可填where或in which。【例 2】For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,

28、New York isan example. (2007 四川卷 )A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 答案: C试题解析: 定语从句的先行词与定语从句距离较远” 实为 “cities ”结合非限制性定语从句和 关系代词做介词宾语两点考虑” 关系代词应该使用 which ”再结合句意判断出” New York 是 世界上许多城市中的一个。因此”介词选用 of.最可能考的名词性从句 名词性从句在高考中各类题型中经常出现,以下几种从句为常考类型,值得关注。 【高频考点一】 : what 引导的名词性从句【例 1】( 2007 年山东

29、卷) was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. It B. This C. What D. As答案: C【例 2】The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means oftransport in the 21st century. ( 2008 北京卷)A. which B. that C. what D. who 答案: C试题解析:两句中的 what 分别出现在主语从句和宾语从句中,需要注意的是第一句不是定 语从

30、句,不能误选 As 选项;第二句不能被 they hope 干扰,而 that 在名词性从句中只能起 到连接作用,不能充当句子成分。学生应牢记: what 在名词性从句中能够充当句子中的某 个成分:主语,宾语,表语,例如以上两句中的 what都充当了从句中的主语成分。【高频考点二】 : where 引导的名词性从句【例 1 】(2005 年江苏卷)The placethe bridge is supposed to be built should bethecross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which; whereB. at which; which

31、C. at which; whereD. which; in which答案: C试题解析:检查考生对逻辑关联用语的掌握和运用能力。第一空为介词+关系代词引导定语从句,表示桥在什么地方建;第二空为表语从句,表示地点,所以用连接词where。最可能考的几种特殊句式英语中的特殊句式包括倒装句、 强调句、省略句。近几年的高考中,以下几种题型值得关注。 【高频考点一】:It is/was that构成的强调句【例 1】(2008 年天津卷) It was along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much ofhis childhood.A. how B

32、. which C .that D. where答案: C试题解析:这句话是对句中的地点状语成分 along the Mississippi River 进行强调说明,因此 状语被放到了 it is/was 与 that 之间,表示马克吐温是在密西西比河沿岸度过了大半的童年时 光。【例 2】It we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we had a lot incommon. (2007 浙江卷 )A. was until; whenB. was until; thatC. wasn 't until; when D

33、. wasn 't until; that答案: D试题解析:这句话显然是对句中的时间状语 until we had stayed for a couple of weeks 进行强 调说明,因此强调句的关系词it isthat应该首先被考虑,A、C两个选项有 when不能选, 同时,表示 直到才”的句型是“n otun til。.所以选择D。【高频考点二】 : only 置于句首时构成的倒装句式【例 1】It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to theirhomes.(2007 江西

34、卷 )A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted 答案: C 试题解析:这个句子里的宾语从句有 only 引导的时间状语置于句首时,句子主句部分应构 成部分倒装句。同时根据句义能够判断出主句的时态不可能发生在 the fire was under control 之前,过去完成时显然不对。【例 2】 you eat the correct foods be

35、 able to keep fit and stay healthy.(2008 江苏卷)A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless;you will 答案: A 试题解析:这里的 only 引导的是句中的条件状语 if you eat the correct foods ,并置于句首, 应该构成倒装。Unless引导的句子则不需要构成倒装,所以C和D选项都不对。【高频考点三】:否定词位于句首时构成的倒装句式【例 1】( 2008年辽宁卷) Bil l wasn 't happy abo

36、ut the delay of the report by Jason, and A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 答案: B试题解析:该句中已给的提示部分有否定词not的存在,这里需要利用的是“neither+助动词+主语”结构来表示”某人、某物也不 ”而either不能表示这个意义,且不能构成倒装。【例 2】( 2006 年安徽卷) Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditionsA. I co

37、uld imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldn 't imagineD. couldn I'imt agi n e答案: B试题解析:因为有 never的存在,选项中显然不需要not重复表示否定意义,排除C和D。同时, never 本身是个完全否定词,放于句首时,句子需构成部分倒装。 【高频考点四】:So/Suchthat构成的倒装句式【例 1】that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.(2007 年陕西卷)A. So successful her business was B.

38、 So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business答案: B试题解析:这是另一个不是因句首有否定词而需构成倒装的结构,即:当so/suchthat 结构中,so/such位于句首时,主句部分的谓语动词构成部分倒装,that从句部分不改变。【特别注意】:倒装句是近年高考单选题中非常常见的一种类型题。考生首先应该能把部分 倒装和完全倒装区分开。所谓部分倒装即把助动词、情态动词、be 动词放在主语前面,而保留主句谓语的剩余部分不变。 在处理倒装句、强调句、

39、 省略句等特殊句式时,由于语序的 变动,不少学生对此不熟悉,不习惯,建议可以先复原为陈述语序,再来做题。如:2007上海卷 Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention. 可复原为 A debate rarely attracted so much media attention. 这种方法还可适用于被动句、疑问句、感叹句等。最可能考的几类状语从句状语从句是高考英语的必考考点, 此类型题经常在单选、 完型中出现。综观近年来各省市状 语从句的考题情况,我们发现以下几类状语从句特别值得关注:【高频考点一】 : before 引导的状语从句尤

40、其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before"这一句型。如:【例 1】The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time we meet them again. (2007 安徽卷 )A. after B. before C. since D. when【例 2】 He was told that it would be at least three more months he could recover andreturn to work. (2007 江西卷 )

41、A. when B. before C. since D. that试题解析:两道题均选择before 。 before 可以作为连词,引导时间状语从句。它的用法灵活、译法多变, 是高考的一个重要考点。 第 1 题涉及的句式为: It will be a long time before , 意思是 要过很久才会 ”;第2题涉及的句式为:it was some time before ,意思是 在之前过了一段时间”,通常可转译为 要过一段时间才会 ”。请考生注意的是:该句式中, 主句和从句的时态有两种情况:如果主句用一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时,意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生 ”;如果主句用

42、过去时, 从句也用过去时,意为 “多长时间以后某事才 发生 ”。【高频考点二】 : while 引导的状语从句【例 1】 I really don 't like art, I find his work impressive. (200山7 东卷 )A. As B. Since C. If D. While答案: D试题解析: while 引导让步状语从句 ,多用于句首。 意为 “尽管,虽然 ”。 As 虽然也可以表示 “尽 管,虽然 ”,但需要构成倒装结构。since 和 if 的意义不通。易错警示:考生对于 while用法最熟悉的为以下 2种:当时候,和同时”,引导时 间状语从句

43、;连接两个并列句子,表示 “对比”关系。但 while 在此表示 “尽管”虽然 ”,(此时 它引导的不是时间状语从句, 而是让步状语从句 考生要特别注意此类用法在完型填空的 选项中出现! )。又如: While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 尽管工作有难度,但很 有趣。/ While I understand what you say, I can' t agree w虽然0我理解你的意思,但我还是不同意。【高频考点三】 : where 引导的状语从句where可以用于引导地点状语从句,其意为在的地方”,此用法许多同学都不是熟悉

44、,但高考经常考查,应引起特别注意。如:【例 1】 If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as theRomans do. (2006 天津卷 )A. in which B. what C. when D. where所以判断该部分不是定语从句, 引导词后what 引导。 when 表示时间, where 表试题解析: 空格所在的句子没有表示地点的名词,的部分不缺少主语、宾语、定语等成分,也不能用 示地点,根据题意应用 where 引导状语从句。【例 2】 Mom, what did

45、your doctor say?He advised me to live the air is fresher. (2006 四川卷 )A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where试题解析:由live可知,后接居住的地点,由 where(的地方)引导一个地点状语从句。没有in where的说法,易排除A;因题干中没有选行词,怎么可能用in which引导定语从句呢?排除B ;又因live与the place之间须用in,排除C。句意是 他建议我要住在空气更新 鲜的地方。 ”易错警示:这种类型的题目,学生应该学会区分where引导的状语

46、从句与定语从句的差别。不少考生容易以定式思维轻易判断句子在考察定语从句,而忽略了两者的差别。 请记住: 如用 in which , 句中缺少了定语从句所修饰的先行词, 如用 the place where ,place 前又缺少了介 词。最可能考的几个代词 【高频考点一】 : 做形式主语或形式宾语的 it【例 1】 worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. ( 2007 山东卷)A This B ThatCWhatD It答案 D【例 2】He didn ' t make clear when and where the meetin

47、g would be held(. 2007 天津卷)A. this B. that C. it D. these答案 C试题解析 : 第一句中 it 指代 the way he keeps changing his mind 做形式主语; 第二句中 it 指代 when and where the meeting would be held 做形式宾语。易错警示: 很多考生有代词恐惧症, 看到考代词就慌了, 因为屡战屡败。老师平时强调的比 较多,句子以动词开头时,首先考虑是否缺主语。 所以拿到例 1 时心中暗自得意, 这个太容 易了 What worries me 呗。在此,以此题为例,请考

48、生记住以下句型:It worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.( it 做形式主语,指代 the way he keeps changing his mind )What worries me is that he keeps changing his mind. (what 引导主语从句,请特别注意此句与 上句的差别在于句中有明显的动词 is )【高频考点二】 :对等比较中的 that【例 1】Little joy can equal of a surprising ending when you read stories. ( 2007 四川卷)A. that B. those C. any D. some答:A【例 2】 The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from spoke

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