高二英语（选修八）unit 1 Language points1

1、Unit 1 Module 8Background Knowledge Language PointsGeneralUnderstandingAlabama亚拉巴马州 Alaska阿拉斯加州 Arizona亚利桑那州 Arkansas阿肯色州 California加利福尼亚州 Colorado科罗拉多州 Connecticut康涅狄格州 Delaware特拉华州 Florida佛罗里达州 Georgia佐治亚州 Hawaii夏威夷 Idaho爱达荷州 Illinois伊利诺伊州 Indiana印第安纳州 Iowa艾奥瓦(衣阿华)州 Kansas堪萨斯州 Louisiana路易斯安那州 Main

2、e缅因州 Massachusetts马塞诸塞州(麻省) Maryland马里兰州 Michigan密歇根(密执安)州 Minnesota明尼苏达州 Mississippi密西西比州 Missouri密苏里州 Montana蒙大拿州 Nevada内华达州 New hampshise新罕布什尔州 New Jersey新泽西州 New Mexico新墨西哥州 New York纽约州 North Carolina北卡罗来州 North Dakota北达科他州 Ohio俄亥俄州 Oklahoma俄克拉何马州 Oregon俄勒冈州 Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州 Rhode 罗得岛 South Ca

3、rdina南卡罗来州 South Dakota南达科他州 Tennessee田纳西州 Texas得克萨斯州 Utah犹他州 Vermont佛蒙特州 Virginia弗吉尼亚州 Washington华盛顿州 West Virginia西弗吉尼亚州 Wisconsin威斯康星州 Wyoming怀俄明州 How much do you know about the USA1. Which stands for the USA?A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D. 2. Which stands for the USA? National Emblems （国徽）国徽）White House3.The c

4、apital of the USA is _?A.B.C.D.New York CityWashington D.C.AtlantaLos angles4. How many states are there in the USA?A.B.C.D.47484950A.B.C.D.5. Which doesnt belong to the USA?Statue ofLibertyGoldenBridgeWhiteHouseEiffelTowerGolden Gate Bridge 唐人街唐人街(Chinatown in LA)环球影城好莱坞星光大道环球影城好莱坞星光大道街景街景 (Hollywo

5、od,LA)It is 305 feet tall, given by France as a gift.Symbol of American democracy CaliforniaThe Mississippi River is the longest river in the US (3760km).The Yangtze River in China is the worlds third-longest river (5530km).The longest river in the world is the Nile River (6690km). California is als

6、o called Golden State. Its the third largest state, behind Alaska and Texas, and runs almost 800 miles from north to south. It is not surprising that it offers a contrasting landscape and a diverse topography. StagePeopleTimeEventAsians15000Natives1600sSuffered by EuropeansSpanish1600sTook natives l

7、and1800sRuled by Spain18211846RussiansRussiansSettled inGold minersSouthAmericansAmericansEuropeansAsians18481850NativeAmericansArrived firstSpanishBecame part of MexicoBecame the 31st stateDiscovered&Rush for goldDeclare war&Given back1800sStagePeopleTimeEventLater arrivalsAfricansMoved fro

8、m MexicoChineseBuild the railwayJapaneseFarmedDenmarkEstablished a townJewishDeveloped industryItaliansFished and made wineAfricans1942-1945Worked in ship& aircraft industries1860s1800sLate 1900sBy 1920sEarly 1900s1911StagePeopleTimeEventRecent arrivalsIndians,PakistanisWorked in Computer indust

9、ryCambodiansKoreansVietnameseLaotiansImmigratedFutureDifferent partsFutureImmigratedRecent decades1970sLanguage Points1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.(L1)形容词最高级表示“最”，与序数词连用表示“第几”nMary is the tallest student in our class. nTom is the second tallest bo

10、y in our class.n -hat the population of this city?-The population in the city 100million.n 25% of the population of this city older than 60.nTThe population of our country _ very large.isisareispopulation指人口总量时用单数，用what提问，但指多少人口时用复数形式。2.It is also the most multiculturalstate in the US. . 也是美国拥有最多元文化

11、的州。multi- 是一个常用的前缀，表示“多”。multi- = manymeaningsmulti-coloredmultinationalmulti-channelmultistorymulti-formmultimediamade of many colorsincluding many nationshaving many channelshaving many storiesexisting in many formsusing many media (TV, radio and CDs)There are two clauses in this sentence, can you

12、 find them out? What clauses are they?3. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.Object clauseAttributive clause()()means: a method or a way (of doing)方式，方法，手段。单复数同形。 by means of: by using

13、 依靠，凭借。 1. The thief had wanted to escape by means of a secret tunnel, but was caught.2. The quickest means of travel is by plane.prehistoric times 史前时期pre-是一个前缀，表示“前”，“先”，“预先”。e.g prepay, preview, prejudge, predetermine.4.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.forced into slavery: 被迫成为奴隶被迫成为奴

14、隶1)Thousand, hundred, million, dozen, score 等表数字的词表示具体数字时不加“s”，加“s”时泛指许多。Hundreds and hundreds of people go skating in winter.2) thousands of 成千上万的成千上万的 类似的用法还有类似的用法还有 ： hundreds of 数以百计的数以百计的 scores of 许多许多 millions of 上百万的上百万的 dozens of 许多，大量许多，大量 tens of thousands of 数以万计的数以万计的Dont forget!The tea

15、cher bought two _books in the bookstore. A. scores ofB. scoresC. score ofCBear them in your mind! 4.However, some survived these terrible timesAnd today there are more Native AmericansLiving in California than in any other state. 当比较的主体属于被比较者里面的一员时，用other或else排除比较的主体。 Mary is taller than any other g

16、irls in her class. Mary is taller than any boys in her class. No one else in the class is taller than Mary.6.Spanish soldiers first arrived in America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.fight against 为反对而战，和斗争。fight for 为（争取）而斗争You should be read

17、y to fight against difficulties. 你们应该准备同困难作斗争。Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。 7. In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war,gold was discovered in California. not long after 不久之后 long after 很久之后 long before 很久以前 before long 不久以后8. Many died or returned home

18、, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms.remained:系动词,“留下”,“逗留”.Ill remain to see the end of the game.The foreign guests remained in Beijing for two weeks.make a life: to change the way one is livingmake a living: to do work to earn money9. It was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 这是强调式句10. which today still keeps up its Danish culture. keep up: never stop,continue steadily,go on The manager asked the workers to keep up the work.