初中英语定语从句

1、1 / 4定语从句1.基本知识精讲在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词(分为关系代词和关系副词)。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。如：This is the engin eer who will give us a talk on scie nee.先行词 关系词 定语从句一、由关系代词引导的定语从句英语中的关系代词有 who, whom, whose, which, that 和 as。它们的用法如下：1. who，whom 的用法who 和 whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who

2、 代替 whom。The young worker who inven ted this tool is her brother.This is the boy ( whom) I helped.2. which 的用法which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。如：The factory which produces these cars is very large.This is the book ( which) you want.3. whose 的用法whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Whose 有时可用 of which 替换。如：Do y

3、ou live in the room whose window ope ns to the west?This is the stude nt whose pronun ciati on is the best in our class.4. that 的用法that 既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，在非正式语体中常省略。如：There were once six blind men that/ who lived in a village in India.Wheat is a plant that/ which is grown in the north of Chi

4、na.The letter (that) I received was from my father.注意只能用关系代词 that 的场合that 既可以指人也可以指物，但在下列场合，要用that，而不用 which 或 who。1. 先行词是不定代词all， an ythi ng, everythi ng， n othi ng， much，little，few， any 等时，只能用 that。如：That all that I want to say.Everyth ing that the pare nts do is for the good of their childre n.2.

5、 先行词被 all， any， no， the only， the very (恰好)，little，few 等词修饰时。如：Thank you for givi ng me the very book that Im look ing for.He is the only pers on that was prese nt at the meeti ng.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.3. 指物的先行词被形容词的最高级或被序数词修饰时。如：This is the best film that has been shown this

6、year.I like the second football match that was held last week.4. 先行词中既有人又有物时。如：The hero has saved the horse and its rider that fell into the river.He talked about the school and the teachers that he had visited.5. 当先行词为 the way， the time， the period 等时，但 that 通常被省略。如：I don like the way (that) you sp

7、eak to her.This is the last time (that) I shall help you.6. 在 which 或 who 引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复用that 引导取代 which 或 who。2 / 4用 which 不用 that 的情况1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.2先行词指物，且介词后We depe nd on the land from which we get our food.We depe nd on the land

8、 that/which we get our food from .3.先行词本身是that 时I don that which he did.二、关系副词引导的定语从句英语中的关系副词有 when, where，why 等。在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。1. when 的用法when 指时间、修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ in/ on which。如：How can I forget the day when (=on which) I joined the Youth League?I thought of the days whe n (=in whi

9、ch ) we studied together.He came at a time whe n the stude nts n eeded him.2. where 的用法where 指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/on/ at which。如：This is the farm where (=on which) my grandfather once worked.That is the place where (=in which) we lived two years ago.3. why 的用法why 指原因，修饰名词 reason，在定语从句中作原

10、因状语，相当于 for which。如：I don tknow the reason why (=for which) you get so angry with me.Do you know the reas on why he was late for school?注意表示时间、地点的名词后关系词的选用当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，有时用 when/ where，有时用 that/ which 引导定语从句。这时要根据从句 的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的而定。如果是及物动词就用that/ which (作从句的主语或宾语)；如果是不及物动词，就用 when/ where (作从句的状

11、语。)试比较：rThis is the house where he lived last year.This is the house that/ which he visited last year.卜11 thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.have n ever forgotte n the days that/ which we spe nt together.二、练习练习一(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1. The boy is my youn ger brother. He was her

12、e a mi nute ago. (who)2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. (who)3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. (where)4. The woma n is here now. You were talki ng about her. (who)3 / 45. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the

13、 other day. ( where )6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. (which)7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. (who)8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.(which)9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.(which)10. I spoke to the man. The man is a

14、 professor.(who)(二) 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. Ther

15、e is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. I ll never forget the days _ I joined the Legaue.练习二一、单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our

16、 English teacher?-Oh! It s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which2. I hate the people _ don t help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner( 外国人 ) _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. whenC. whoD. whom4. George Mallory was an Englis

17、h school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whomC. he5. This is the place _I have ever visited.A. there B. whenC. where6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnA. thatB. whichC. why7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. thatB. whichC. where8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where

18、C. that9. He still remembers the days _ he spentwith your family.A. when B. where C. thatD. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. thatC. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once( 曾经 ) lived.A. thatB. whichC. whe nD. where12. This is the house_

19、I want to buy.D. whichD. whicht come to the meeting.D. whenD. whyD. which4 / 4A. in whichB. thatC. whoseD. where13. This is the house_our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. whichB. thatC. whe nD. where14. He didn t tell me the place_ he was born.A. thatB. whichC. whe nD. where15. He lived

20、 in a small village,_was a long way from the railway station.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. whe n16. I work in a bus in ess_almost every one is wait ing for a great cha nee.A. howB. whichC. whereD. that17. Hele n was much kin der to her youn gest son tha n to the others,_ , of course, made the others env

21、y him.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which18. America n wome n usually ide ntify their best friend as some one_they can talk freque ntly.A. whoB. asC. about whichD. with whom19. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. un tilB. thatC. whe nD. where20. The f

22、amous scie ntist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shan ghai.A. whe nB. whe neverC. whereD. wherever21. A story goes_ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever andqualified n obleme n at court.A. whe nB. whereC. whatD. that22. The Parkers bought a new house but_will need a lot of work before they can _mov