初高中英语衔接音标与句子成分讲解

1、.初高中衔接英语学案单元音： i: he she me we tea eat meat see tree see receive key police policeman machine people piece field believe thief: cabbage begin English pretty cinema monkey big city very sorry busy build building e: any many anyone said says pen bed egg desk bread breakfast buryæ: bag am and at s

2、ad: class banana father after half car far park arm star laugh heart: come none love other blood flood touch enough young bus sun but cut up :learn earth early heard her term first girl bird sir third word world nurse turn hurt journal:along China student different today welcome police father mother

3、 doctor delicious previous surprise colour picture u: do to who too zoo food pool boot school group through blue glue fruit juice shoe : woman wolf book look good foot could would should put push:want wash watch what hot not sorry cough Australia: water ball call fall hall mall small tall wall warm

4、quarter August daughter law door floor more before short sportbought brought thought four your blackboard story双元音：a:time like nice fine five my by why sign high light right die lie tiee: name cake game face wait: day may okay play today eight eighteen eighty they great break: serious real really id

5、ea here ear dear hear near clear beer deer pioneer: go no nose home show know yellow window goat boat shoulder though :sure poor toura: out about house how now cowe: air hair chair care parent wear bear there where their : oil toilet boil soil boy toy employ 辅音/p/ pig pet cap park apple happy /b/ bi

6、g bag book rabbit cabbage/t/ it cat fat table matterd dog red bed head smiled opened played/k/ cap cook cup cake cook week desk cock sock clock /g/ bag get gas egg f four five fish phone photo elephant laughv video vase love violin three third teeth mouthð this that those father mother brother

7、clothess sea sit star face ice nice rice grass glass class z zoo vase zero bags photos sisters nose rose sugar sure she fish ship cash shop 3 measure pleasure t teacher peach cherry chair watch match d3 age page magic job jam jump cage orange cabbage ts cats pets eats gates dates tastes dz seeds woo

8、ds friends rides tr tree true truck train dr dry dragon drinkh her head heart hair who whose r rice room ride road mirror carrot parrot write wrong wrapm moon money monkey n nose net nut rain train knee knife knock l look light lock lucky tell ball pull bank tank finger sing song king readingw winte

9、r window watch water white where which when whyj you your yes yard句子成分讲解1、 主语主语是一个句子所表达的主体。主语一般位于句首，但在there be构造、疑问句当主语不是疑问词时和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词和情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.Professor Zhang is a famous scientist. W

10、e often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls. To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have a test has not been decided yet.It is dangerous playing with fire. It is a pity that he wont attend the me

11、eting.2、 宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。They went to see a film yesterday. He is going to buy an English dictionary. We should learn from the brave boy.They helped the disabled with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me. She didnt know what to do next.I enjoy listening to pop

12、ular music. I think that he is fit for the work. （3） 宾语的种类1. 直接宾语直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。Lend me your dictionary, please. Excuse me , please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?2. 间接宾语间接宾语表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指认。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于直接宾语之后，但此时在它的前面须加介词to。The company sent us lots of money last y

13、ear. He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.3. 复合宾语有些动词除了接宾语外，还需要一个词来说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义的缺乏，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语一起组成复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。假如直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句，常用做it形式主语。They elected him their monitor. I found the man always happy.The next day he found himself in the hospital when he woke.I often ask him t

14、o help me with my English. I find it easy to answer this question.4. 介词宾语位于介词后面的宾语称作介词宾语。In our school about three-fourths of the students are from the north.3、 表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等之后.表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。My teacher of English

15、is an American. Is it yours?Thats all that I want to tell you. The weather has become cold.Singapore is the most beautiful country that I have visited. The film is moving.The teacher is pleased with my spoken English. His job is to teach English.Their plan is to finish the task within 3 days. His ho

16、bby is playing football.My wish is studying law in a world famous college. The machine must be out of order.He is against our suggestion. My father isnt in. He is out. The truth is that he has never been abroad.What I want to know is when we will hold the sports meeting.句子成分：定语、状语、补语1.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的

17、词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.名词 He is our friend. 代词We belong to the third world.数词 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.形容词The man over there is my old friend.副词The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 介词The boys playing football are in Class 2. 如今分词The trees planted la

18、st year are growing well now. 过去分词I have an good idea to share with you.不定式You should do everything that I told you. 定语从句Practice: 挑出以下句中的定语Guilin is a beautiful city. Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?This is the bridge built last year. There are sixty women teacher in our school.His ra

19、pid progress in English made us surprised. Who is the girl in red?I cant go with you. I still have a lot of work to do. He is reading a book on how to learn English well.I will remember the day that we spent together.2 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 I will go there tomorr

20、ow.   名词作状语表时间  The meeting will be held in the meeting room.。介词短语作状语表地点The meat went bad because of the hot weather.介词短语作状语表原因 He studies hard to learn English well.不定式作状语表目的 He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.从句作状语表结果    I like some of you very muc

21、h.。副词作状语表程度 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 从句作状语条件         He goes to school by bike.介词短语作状语表方式Though he is young, he can do it well。从句作状语让步Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.分词作状语表原因 Practice: 挑出以下句中的状语 Ligh

22、t travels more quikly. Last night he heard the noise upstairs. When he decided to go to bed last night, he heard the noise upstairs. We are in classroom studying English. we are studying English in our new classroom. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. Last night she didn

23、t go to the dance party because it rained heavily She put the eggs into the basket wth great care小心. He made much progressby this means. He came in with a dictionary in his hand. In order to catch up with others, I must work hard. He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect hin. No ma

24、tter when you come , you are warmly welcome.3. 宾补：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完好。这类常用的及物动词有make使，consider认为cause引起see看见，find发现 call称作，get ,let, have使、让，其表现形式如下：We consider him a good leader. 名词 Nobody noticed him enter the room省to不定式I saw her entering the classroom. 如今分词 They found Jinan gr

25、eatly changed.过去分词let the fresh air in. 介词短语 They thought it right to do the test first. 形容词We think it our duty to make our classroom clean. 名词I advise him to stop smoking. 带to不定式 Please advise me which to choose. 不定式复合构造You mustnt force others to do anything.不定式Practice: 挑出以下句中的宾语补足语We elected him

26、 monitor.     We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. We will make them happy. We found nobody in. Please make yourself at home. Dont let him do that. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Dont keep the lights burning.Did you see Li Ming playing football on t

27、he playground just now?Ill have my bike repaired. 动词及谓语动词的定义及分类：动词是表示动作和状态的词，如buy, see等。动词根据其意义与句法功能可分为行为动词又称实义动词，包括及物动词和不及物动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词等多种类别。在某些情况下，一个动词可以属于不同类别，如get一词，既可以作行为动词业可充当连系动词。类别特点意义举例实义动词 vt. vi.及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完好的意思I have a book.She watched the boxing match on TV last night.不及物动词不能直

28、接接宾语能独立作谓语She always comes late.The experiment failed.系动词link-v跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完好意思.常见的有：be, look, get, become, turn I am a student.Mark was a poor worker.The twins look the same.助动词aux. v.跟动词原形或分词无词汇意义不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否认及各种时态. 常见的有：be、have、do、will、shall等He doesnt speak Chinese.否认I am watching

29、 TV.进展式Why do you need friends?I have never heard of it before.情态动词 mod. v. 跟动词原形有自己的词汇意思不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化。常见的有：can/could/may/might/must/need/have to/ought to/will/would/shall/shouldWe can do it by ourselves.That would be better.The work must be finished as soon as possible.A situation lik

30、e this may occur from time to time.英语动词的五种根本形式及变化规那么:英语动词有五种根本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数如今时简称单三、过去式、过去分词和如今分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词如今分词workworksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing谓语谓语的定义：谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语通常由动词或动词短语来充当，具有各种

31、时态，语态和语气的变化，前面还可以加上情态动词或助动词等。如：He practises running every morning. I expect you to take me.Yesterday afternoon he reached Beijing. She takes care of he sick mother.He has got rid of his bad habit. You may keep the book for two week.Youd better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.He has to

32、go to see a doctor. She doesnt seem to like dancing.We are going to call on him tonight. We are students.He looked a bit excited.同位语 一般做主语或是宾语的同位语，句子的主干已经完好，同位语作为一个插入成份作补充说明之用。一般同位语成份可分为前位同位语和后位同位语，即同位语分别在主词的前面和后面。另外也有that引导的同位从句。 They all like swimming. Mr. Black, our Engli

33、sh teacher, is a good tennis player. 练习：1. At last, we reached our destination, Hamburg. 我们最终到达了目的地汉堡。 He gave his wife Jones a wonderful watch。3. All the things have two faces, a light one and a dark one.  一切事物都有两个方面：光明的一面和黑暗的一面。5. Some animals, as foxes and squirrels live in woods. 有些动物，如狐狸和松鼠，栖息在森林里。  The question how to ans