名词复数变化规则

1、名词复数变化1. 一般情况下加smapmaps2. s, sh, ch, X等结尾的词加-esbusbuses 【stomach（胃）-stomachs； epoch（新时期）-epochs】3以y结尾的名词，变复数时a. 以辅音子母 +y,变y为i力卩esbabybabiesb. 专有名词或兀音子母 +y,直接力卩s two Marys, mon keys 【Dry禁酒论者-drys , standby后备人员-standbys】4.以o结尾的名词，变复数时a. 力卩 s,photo photosb. 力卩 es, Negro, hero, potato, tomato, volca no,

2、 torn ado, torpedo, veto, mosquito,5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复 数时a. 去 f 或 fe 力卩 ves, half halvesb. 力卩 s, gulf/cliff/roof/grief chief/belief/proof/safe +S6.名词复数的不规则变化a. man menwoma nwome n childchildre n foot feettooth teethgoosegeese mousemicelouse - liceox - oxenb. an Englishmantwo Englishmen.【但 German-Germans,

3、 huma n-huma ns】*c.外来名词：criterion criteria（标准）；phe nomenonphe nomen a（现象）;an alysisa nalyses 分析）;basisbases （基础）； crisiscrises危机）；thesis theses（论文）； bacterium bacteria（纟田菌）；Medium -media （媒 介物）；7.单复 同形 名词deer, sheep, fish, shark, giraffe, buffalo, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Swedish, Danish, means, se

4、ries, species, aircraft, staff, li, jin, yuan, two li, three mu, four jin 除了中国度量衡和货币之夕卜， 美元，英镑，法郎等都有复数形式。the En glish, the Chi nese表示国民总称时，谓语用复数。【-ese, -ish结尾的国家人单复同形。】2 pieces of fish2 fish2 fishes2 pieces of glass2 glasses2 pairs of glassespenny （便士）pe nee （价值）Pennies （个数）8.集 体 名 词A单数类集体名词：意思为复数，但

5、谓语用单数 humanity人类clothing衣服glassware玻璃器具machinery机械 mankind 人类 equipment 设备 jewelry 珠宝 poetry 诗 baggage 行李 furniture 家具 luggage 行李 pottery 陶器B复数类集体名词：以单数形式出现，但实为复数，谓语用复数。faculty, poultry, folk, people, police 等本身就是复数，谓语动词复数。不能说a people和a police但可以说a person和a policeman【a people -wo peoples 】C 单复同形类集体名

6、词谓语单复数由意思决疋army; audie nee; bacteria; cast; class, committee;com mun ity; compa ny; coun cil; crew; data; en emy; family; flock; gang; gover nment; group; herd; jury; media; n avy; oppositi on; police; press; public; staff ; team; youth单数： My family is big family.复数： His family are all music lovers.

7、9.以s结尾，仍为单数的名 词a. maths, politics, physics学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b. news是不可数名词。c. the Uni ted States, the Un ited Natio ns 应视为单数。d. 某些疾病 mumps腮腺炎 measles麻疹e. 活动名称 billiards /cards /darts10.-表示由两部分构成的东 西-以ing结尾的词-其他复数女口： glasses, trousers, clothes, slippers右表达具体数目，要借助数量 词 pair; suit,a pair of glasses; two p

8、airs of trousers 谓语单复数取决于数量词 pair 单 复数。bel ongin gs; surro undin gs; doin gs; earnin gs; findin gs; sav in gs;conten ts; arms; fireworks; wages; forces; remai ns; valuables; stairs; sweets11.复合名词的复数a. 由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式前后都变复数Woma n teacherwome n teachersb. 中间无连字号也没间隔的复合名词变复数，将最后一个名词变复数 housewife

9、housewives; gree nhousegree nhousec. 中间有连字符号或间隔的复合名词，将主要的词变成复数passer-bypassers-by; mother-i n-lawmothers-i n-lawd. 复合名词中的单词没有名词时，则在最后一个单词的词尾+sgo-betweengo-betweens, has-beenhas-beens 过时的人或物）12.用复数的固定词组thanks to; give regards to; take pains; with best wishes; have words with; in high spirits; in all

10、direct ions; shake hands with sb; make preparatio ns for; make friends with; congratulations (to sb) on (doing) sth常见的不可数名词有：-物质/ 材料：air; beancurd; beef; blood; bread; butter; chalk; chicken; chocolate; cloth; coal; coffee; corn; cream; daylight; cott on; dirt; dust; en ergy; cheese; fibre; fog; foo

11、d; fruit; flesh; four; glass; gold; grain; grass; hair; hon ey; iron; kerose ne; light ning; meat; milk; mon ey; moustache; mud; music; mutt on; hay; oxygen; paper; pork; porridge; powder; rain; ice; rubbish; salt; sauce; silver; steam; steel; storage; sugar; sun rise; sweat; thirst; thu nder; water

12、; wheat; wind; wood; wool; soap; vin egar; wine; soup;baggage; cloth ing; fur niture; luggage; jewelry; equipme nt; electricity; homework;-扌由象：time; noise; information; knowledge; progress; trouble; fun; courage; luck； patienee ； poverty; wealth ； traffic ； waste ； quality; advice; atte nti on; bus

13、in ess; citize nship; dan ger; dark ness; death; depth; damage; comfort; educatio n; disappo in tme nt;experie nee(经验);freedom; future, good ness, graduatio n; grammar; happ in ess; health; hun ger; imagi nati on; importa nee;justice; kindness; luck; measure; labour; humor; permission; pressure; pra

14、ctice; pleasure; population; sick ness; smok ing;sorrow; starvation; treatment; truth; use; willingness; wisdom; weather; work; housework; pollution;*【牢记以下纯不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用:we ath e r , fu n , s p ace(太空),a dvice , wo rd=n ews ,progress, in formati on, n ews】不可数名词也可以直接加-s等表示复数，但它的意义也有所变化，用来指一些具体的事物。

15、-Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）-These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可 数h ）数）-This factory produces steel.这个工厂生产钢铁。（不可数）-We n eed various steels.我们需要各种钢材。（可数）-Our country isfamous for tea.我国因茶叶而闻名。（不可数）-Two teas, please.请来两杯茶。（可数）water（水）-waters（水 域），advice （建议） -advices （通知）sea（海） - seas 海域）force （

16、力量） -forces （车队）sand （沙子）-sands （沙漠）return （回来）-returns （统计表）wood （木头）-woods （树林）green （绿色） -greens （青菜）damage （毁坏）-damages（赔偿金）light （光）-lights （灯）good （好处）-goods （货物）iron （铁）-irons （熨斗）time （时间）-times （时代）glass （玻璃）-glasses （玻璃杯）custom （风俗）-customs （海关）freedom （自由）-four freedoms （特指 四大自由”）minute （

17、分钟）-minutes （记录）necessity （必要性）-necessities （生活必需品）manner （态度）-manners （礼貌）moder ni zati on （现代化）-the four moder ni zati ons （特指四个现exercise （锻炼）-exercises （体操、练代化”）习）spirit （精神）-in high spirits （情绪）paper （纸）-papers （文件）custom （习俗） -customs （海关）character （性格）-characters （汉字、experienee （经验） -experienc

18、es （经历）符号）*修饰可数名词不可数名词的词或短语只修饰可数名词的词或短语：Many； several; few /a few; a great（good） many; a number of; a large（great） number of; （large/great） nu mbers of只修饰不可数名词的词或短语:Much little a great amount of a little a bit of a good（great） deal of修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词或短语:Some eno ugh most a lot of lots of pie nty of Mu

19、ch too + adj too much + n*可转化为可数名词的抽象名词抽象名词一般为不可数名词，不能和冠词连用，但以下这些抽象名词加a/an表示具体的事物或人honour; death; pleasure; success; failure; comfort; surprise; worry; beauty; wonder; envy; shock; shame; regret; joy; dan ger; shame; pity; experienee;抽象名词部分Of+抽象名词=相应的形容词A man of sense=a sensible man;of wealth=a weal

20、thy man;of experience=an experieneed; of courage=a courageousof +表示大小、长短、深度、高度、年龄、颜色、材料We are of the same age. The two dresses are of differe nt materials.in + height/ le ngth/ size/ width/ depthThe lake is about 60 meters in depth. The rope is 10 meters in len gth.by the hour/ by the doze nWe are p

21、aid by the hour.En ergy is measured in calories.with/ in / by/ on + (great + )抽象名词 =(very +)副词I met Lisa by accide nt (=accide ntally) in London.不可数名词没有词形变化，需要计量 时，可用of连接相应的表量单位词, 并加以数词和变表量单位词为复数 的形式来表示但现代英语中，单位词的用法有变化不可数名词的计量形式：a piece of bread four pieces of bread” a glass of water.two glasses of water不wate