托福口语如何应对思维考察类题型

1、托福口语如何应对思维考察类题型托福口语如何应对思维考察类题型?训练逻辑思维很重要托福口语重在考察逻辑思维能力说到口语,人们的第一反应多半是语音语调,其实对于托福考试来说,口语部分考察的并不只有语音语调,还有相当大的比重是考察学生的逻辑思维能力,这就要求考生的答案内容充实,逻辑清晰,特别是口语的3-6题涉及对题干的整合,所以对考生逻辑能力的要求也就更高.如果对材料的整合不过关,即使语音语调炸翻天,也会显得内容过low,从而很难获得高分.实例讲解托福口语对逻辑思维的要求下面就用具体题目来解释一下,所谓逻辑清晰.内容完备的高分答案长什么样.托福口语第五题属于校园对话,题目设置非常清楚:听力对话会给出

2、其中一人面临的困境和两个解决方案,但是两个方案各有利弊,需要考生给出建议并解释原因.本题题目要求如下:Brieflysummarizetheproblemthespeakersarediscussing.Thenstatewhichsolutionyouwouldrecommend.E_plainthereasonsforyourrecommendation.接下来我们听一下这段音频,听完音频之后,我们需要对音频内容进行笔记整理.Problems:busleavesearlierV.S.cantcatchitbecauseofchemistryclassSolution1:workatnigh

3、tdetail1:bossagreewontmissthebusDetail2:tired,haveclassne_tmorningSolution2:rideabikeDetail3:workontime,notfar,dosomee_erciseDetail4:badweather借助笔记,整个材料的内容尽收眼底,我们可以清楚的看出两个方案的利弊,所以在回答的时候就能明确该如何取舍.需要注意的是,答案没有对错之分,不论选择哪个方案,只要理由充分即可.如果你更倾向于solution1,那么你的理由就应该是detail1和detail4;同样的,如果觉得solution2更好,那对应的理由就是

4、detail2和detail3.在此基础上,如果时间允许,最好将自己所选解决方案的弊端也阐述一下,例如如果选择为solution2,针对其弊端,也就是detail4,可以弱化其影响,从而显得solution2更有说服力.以本题为例,就可以说badweather属于个别现象,所以对骑行的影响很小,即使发生,可以临时想办法调整.在时间安排上,60s的作答时间,一般描述困境和两个解决方案在_s左右,给出自己的建议需要5s,最后40s用来解释建议的理由.当然考试安排不一定非得严格按照这个时间来规划,反而会限制自己的发挥,不过可以以此为参考,以求让自己的条理更清晰,内容更完整.具备高水平逻辑思维能力的解

5、答参考最后,给出一个sampleanswer供各位考生参考:Themansproblemisthatthebusschedulehaschangedandtherefore,hecantcatchthebusforhischemistryclass.Hecaneitherchangehisworktimeorrideabiketohisworkplace.Forme,ridingabikeisamorepreferablechoice.Yousee,ifthemanworksatnight,hemustbetiredandinabadstateforthemorningclassne_tday

6、.Ifheridesabike,however,hecannotonlybethereontimebutalsodosomee_ercise.Actuallyitsnotfar,forjustabout_minutes.Ofcourseridingabikeisuncomfortablewhentheweatherisbad,butthismaynothappenoften.Andthoughithappens,themancanthenchoosetoworkatnightorcomeupwithsomeothersolutions.托福考试口语备考:新托福口语解码对于广大准备到海外求学的托

7、福考生而言,_年9月_日实施的新托福无疑是个陌生的领域,而其中的口语部分由于首次在托福考试中亮相而倍显神秘.新托福的口语部分模拟了北美大学课堂的学术气氛及学生在校园生活的方方面面,要求考生能够做课堂笔记.发表自己的意见和看法,并具备对教授推荐的参考书写读书报告.阐明论点的能力,以及其它处理校园生活中可能遇到的各种情况的能力.现行的托福虽然不设口语测试,但其姐妹篇TSE(TestofSpokenEnglish)恰好弥补了这方面的不足.新托福的口试也将在现行TSE考试的基础上孕育产生.相对于TSE而言，新托福的口试在形式与内容上有了继承的发展.TSE的形式与内容TSE考试全部过程约为60分钟,但实

8、际考试时间仅为20分钟,而考生录到磁带上的答题录音累计时间则更短,仅为6分钟左右.试题的指导说明在试题册和制好的试题磁带上,考生对试题的回答将和题干一并录入空白的答题磁带上.现行TSE考试试题共分为七部分：(1) 用录音提问一些考生本人的基本情况.每一问题之后,有短暂的答题时间,在实际考试中,答题时间每题约为_秒钟.(2) 题册上给出一篇短文.考生先用一分钟时间阅读,然后用一分钟时间朗读.要求发音准确,口齿清晰,朗读流畅.(3) 题册上给出一系列不完整的句子,考生可随自己的思路加以补充完成.答案可以不同,但完成的句子要意思完整,语法准确.实际考试时,完成每个句子允许用10秒钟时间.(4) 题册

9、上给出一组系列故事的连环画.考生进行看图说话.考生可先用一分钟看这些画面,然后再用一分钟叙述故事,叙述时应尽可能准确和详细.(5) 题册上给出一副画和就此画提出的4个问题.在听问题之前可以看图一分钟,然后仔细听题并作答.回答时,考生应在允许的时间里尽可能多说一些,每一题回答时允许用_秒钟时间.(6) 要求考生描述某些事物或就国际上普遍关注的话题发表意见.考生在允许时间里对每一问题要尽可能多加评论.评分取决于考生如何表达思想的方式,而不取决于观点本身.考试中,回答每个问题的时间为45秒钟.(7) 题册上给出班级.俱乐部或会议等的活动日程或通知.考生可先仔细阅读一分钟后,用一分钟时间解释这些日程或

10、通知.解释时一定要包括所有重要的细节,并要设想自己是对很多听众作解释,而不能仅仅翻译这些日程或通知.可见，现行的TSE通过对以上七部分内容的测试，基本上可以判断出考生的英语口头表达能力,包括语音.语调及语法的掌握程度.新托福口语的形式与内容我个人认为TSE考试在托福改题之后仍会继续考察一段时间,从而逐步淡出历史舞台.而取而代之的新托福可以说是TSE考试的加强版.这个部分共有6道题，持续约20分钟,包括独立回答题,读听后回答题和先听后答题等三种题型,以考察学生的阅读理解，听力理解和口语表达等综合能力.下面我们就结合ETS对新托福口语部分的指导说明来揭开新托福口语的神秘面纱:SpeakingSec

11、tionDirectionsInthissectionofthetest,youwillbeabletodemonstrateyourabilitytospeakaboutavarietyoftopics.Youwillanswersi_questionsbyspeakingintothemicrophone.Answereachofthequestionsascompletelyaspossible.Inquestionsoneandtwo,youwillspeakaboutfamiliartopics.Yourresponsewillbescoredonyourabilitytospeak

12、clearlyandcoherentlyaboutthetopics.第1题和第2题为独立回答题,要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点.准备时间为_秒,回答问题时间为45秒.问题会被朗读出来,同时会出现在屏幕上.比如:NarratorDescribeaclassyouhavetakeninschoolande_plainwhytheclasswasimportanttoyou.Includedetailsande_amplestosupportyoure_planation.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthebeep.2secsbeepAppearingonscreen1.De

13、scribeaclassyouhavetakeninschoolande_plainwhytheclasswasimportanttoyou.Includedetailsande_amplestosupportyoure_planation.Preparationtime:_secondsResponsetime:45secondsInquestionsthreeandfour,youwillfirstreadashortte_t.Thete_twillgoawayandyouwillthenlistentoatalkonthesametopic.Youwillthenbeaskedaques

14、tionaboutwhatyouhavereadandheard.Youwillneedtocombineappropriateinformationfromthetestandthetalktoprovideacompleteanswertothequestion.Yourresponsewillbescoredonyourabilitytospeakclearlyandcoherentlyandonyourabilitytoaccuratelyconveyinformationaboutwhatyoureadandheard.第3题和第4题则以试题中的阅读和听力材料为基础,要求考生回答相关

15、问题.具体步骤是首先让考生在45秒内阅读一篇短文,一般只含一个自然段,随后短文隐去,播放一段与短文相关的对话或课堂演讲,其长度大约为1分半钟.最后,要求考生根据先前阅读的短文和播放的对话或课堂演讲回答相关问题,考生有30秒钟的准备时间,然后进行60秒钟的回答,考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记来帮助答题.比如:ReadingTime:45secondsAnnouncementfromthepresidentTheuniversityhasdecidedtoincreasetuitionandfeesforallstudentsbyappro_imately8percentne_tsemester.

16、Forthepast5years,thetuitionandfeeshaveremainedthesame,butitisnecessarytoincreasethemnowforseveralreasons.Theuniversityhasmanymorestudentsthanwehadfiveyearsago,andwemusthireadditionalprofessorstoteachthesestudents.Wehavealsomadeanewcommitmenttoresearchandtechnology,andwillberenovatingandupgradingourl

17、aboratoryfacilitiestobettermeetourstudentsneeds.NarratorNowlistentotwostudentsastheydiscusstheannouncement.2secondsStudentAOhgreat,nowwehavetocomeupwithmoremoneyforne_tsemester.StudentBYeah,Iknow,butIcanseewhy.WhenIfirststartedhere,classesweresomuchsmallerthantheyarenow.Withthismanystudents,itshardt

18、ogetthepersonalattentionyouneedStudentAYeah,Iguessyoureright.Youknow,insomeclassesIcantevengetaseat.AndIcouldnttakethemathcourseIwantedtobecauseitwasalreadyfullwhenIsignedup.StudentBAndtheotherthingis,well,IamkindofworriedaboutnotbeingabletogetajobafterIgraduate.StudentAWhy?Imeanyouredoingreallywell

19、inyourclasses,arentyou?StudentBImdoingok,butthefacilitiesherearesolimited.Therearesomegreatnewe_perimentsinmicrobiologythatwecantevendoherethereisntenoughequipmentinthelaboratories,andtheequipmenttheyhaveisoutofdate.HowamIgoingtocompeteforjobswithpeoplewhohavepracticalresearche_perience?Ithinkthee_t

20、ratuitionwillbeagoodinvestment.2secondsNarratorThewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthebeep.2secsbeep3.Thewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident

21、.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Preparationtime:30secondsResponsetime:60secondsInquestionsfiveandsi_,youwilllistentopartofaconversationoralecture.Youwillthenbeaskedaquestionaboutwhatyouheard.Yourresponsewillbescoredonyourabilitytospeakclearlyandcoherentlyandonyourab

22、ilitytoaccuratelyconveyinformationaboutwhatyouheard第五.六题要求考生先听一段听力材料,然后回答相关问题.听力材料通常一段是情景对话,另一段是课堂演讲,其长度大约为1分半钟.考生有20秒钟的准备时间,之后进行60秒钟的回答.比如:NarratorPleaseListenCarefullyNarratorYoumaybegintoprepareyourresponseafterthebeep.2secsbeepNarratorNowlistentoaconversationbetweentwostudents.StudentAHeyLisa,ho

23、wsitgoing?StudentBHiMark.Uh,ImOK,Iguess,butmyschoolworkisreallystressingmeout.StudentAsympatheticallyYeah?Whatswrong?StudentBWell,Ivegotapapertowrite,andtwoe_amstostudyfor.Andabunchofmathproblemstofinish.ItsjustsomuchthatIcantconcentrateonanyofit.Istartconcentratingonstudyingforoneofmye_ams,andthenI

24、mlike,howlongsitgonnataketofinishthatproblemset?StudentAWowsoundslikeyouvegotalotmoreworkthanyoucanhandlerightnow.NotwantingtosoundtoopushyLookhaveyoutalkedtosomeofyourprofessorsImean,youknow,trytoe_plaintheproblem.Look,youcouldprobablygetane_tensiononyourpaper,oronthemathassignmentStudentBYouthink?

25、Itwouldgivemealittlemoretimetoprepareformye_amsrightnow.StudentAWell,ImeananotherthingthatyoumightdoImeanhaveyoutriedmakingyourselfaschedule?ImeanthatswhatIdowhenImfeelingoverwhelmed.StudentBWhatdoesthatdoforyou?StudentAWell,Imeanithelpsyoutofocusyourenergies.Youknow,youmakeyourselfachartthatshowsth

26、ene_tfewdaysandthetimetillyourstuffisdueandStudentBUh-huhmeaningImlisteningStudentAImeanthinkaboutwhatyouneedtodo,andwhenyouhavetodoitby.Youknowthenstartfillinginyourschedulelike,allright9:00nineto_:30eleven-thirtyA.M.,studyfore_am._:00twelveto3:00three,workonproblemset.ButImeandontmakethetimeperiod

27、stoolong.Like,dontputineighthoursofstudyingyouknow,youllgettired,orstartworryingaboutyourotherworkagain.Butifyoukeeptoyourschedule,youknowyoulljusthavetoworryaboutonethingatatime.StudentBYeah,thatmightwork.somewhatnoncommitallyNarratorThestudentsdiscusstwopossiblesolutionstothewomansproblem.Describe

28、theproblem.Thenstatewhichofthetwosolutionsyoupreferande_plainwhy.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthebeep.2secsbeepAppearingonscreen5. The students discuss twopossiblesolutionstothewomansproblem.Describetheproblem.Thenstatewhichofthetwosolutionsyoupreferande_plainwhy.Preparationtime:20secondsResponsetime:60s

29、econdsYoumaytakenoteswhileyoureadandwhileyoulistentotheconversationsandlectures.Youmayuseyournotestohelpprepareyourresponse.Listencarefullytothedirectionsforeachquestion.Thedirectionswillnotbewrittenonthescreen.Foreachquestionyouwillbegivenashorttimetoprepareyourresponse.Aclockwillshowhowmuchprepara

30、tiontimeisremaining.Whenthepreparationtimeisup,youwillbetoldtobeginyourresponse.Aclockwillshowhowmuchresponsetimeisremaining.Amessagewillappearonthescreenwhentheresponsetimehasended.考生可以在听音过程中记笔记以帮助答题.在准备和答题时,屏幕上会显示倒计时的时钟.每个回答的得分是0-4分,分数范围是0-30.其评分以回答的质量.完整性和准确性为依据托福考试口语备考:新托福口语解码对于绝大多数中国考生而言,Presen

31、tationSkills的缺乏势必导致两大误区:第一大误区是先Beataroundthebush,再渐渐切入正题,最后才做出较为精准的总结.这显然与以汉语为母语的语言交流习惯有关,这在平时的一般交流中或许不那么致命,甚至有些英语为母语的人平时讲话也有这种习惯,但是在一分钟甚至是45秒的答题时间里这样做,就无异于浪费宝贵的答题时间,将60秒或45秒的可用来得分的空间缩小到30秒甚至是20秒,使整个答案的质量大打折扣.第二大误区是毫无计划地想到哪,说到哪,甚至中途改变主意,否定前面所说内容,做出一个自相矛盾的答案.对于ETS的命题者来说，这两种误区都恰恰暴露了中国学生没有受过系统的Presenta

32、tion训练的弱点.要知道,在西方特别是北美,这是一项从中小学就开始注重培养的跨学科的综合技能.那么怎样才可以避免以上两种误区呢?下面就结合新托福口语的三大题型分别作以解析:一.独立回答题:Describeaclassyouhavetakeninschoolande_plainwhytheclasswasimportanttoyou.Includedetailsande_amplestosupportyoure_planation.Preparationtime:_secondsResponsetime:45seconds阅读题干应该在5秒内完成,这样就能保证在答题之前有20秒的时间（包括na

33、rrator读题时间）进行brain-storming.有关在学校上过的一门课的重要性不外乎从以下几个方面来叙述.第一,这门课对于其它后续课的奠基作用.第二,所积累的知识对于今后实际运用的指导作用.第三,对于个人综合素质及品位的提高.为什么要分成这么多点论述呢?因为如果只就一个要点深入阐述,很容易走题或者进入一个英语无法表达的死角;同时分成若干点还便于控制时间.比如这道题目的45秒答题时间可以分配给每个分点10秒,这样就不会过早或者过晚地完成整个答题的语言结构.至于选什么课来说则遵循什么容易就讲什么的原则,这是因为托福口语考试和ETS其它考试一样是不需要任何专业背景的知识的.因此，考生大可以谈

34、一些中学里学过的主课,如数学,语文和外语,而避免谈大学里的专业课,如生物,化学及各类工程类课程等.在开始答题的时候,应首先说出一句TopicSentence点出这门课的名称.如果准备不是很充分,为了避免出现答题空白,可以附带交代这门课的背景信息,如何时选修的,哪位教授任课,但一定要控制在10秒以内.这种技能叫SkillofBuyingTime.随后,三条理由依次列出,切不可忘记Important是论述的核心,千万不能无意中转而强调这门课Difficult或Interesting.本题参考答案:Inmypreviousstudiesatcollege,therearequiteafewimpor

35、tancecoursesandoneofthemostimportantoneofthem,ifIhadtochooseone,wouldbeCalculus.Well,asIamanengineeringmajor,inmycurriculumtherearemanycoursesrequiringcomplicatedcalculation,equationdeductionandmathmodelbuilding.Alltheseneedknowledgeincalculusasafoundation.Besides,masteryofsomequantitativeanalysisme

36、thodswillgreatlybenefitmyabilitytomakeasensiblejudgmentinacomple_situationinworkplace,nomatterwhatjobIlltakeupinthefuture.Finally,withoutagoodsenseofadvancedmathematics,Iwillnotbeabletoappreciatethebeautyofsymmetryinmanyartisticforms.二.读听后回答题ReadingTime:45secondsAnnouncementfromthepresidentTheuniver

37、sityhasdecidedtoincreasetuitionandfeesforallstudentsbyappro_imately8percentne_tsemester.Forthepast5years,thetuitionandfeeshaveremainedthesame,butitisnecessarytoincreasethemnowforseveralreasons.Theuniversityhasmanymorestudentsthanwehadfiveyearsago,andwemusthireadditionalprofessorstoteachthesestudents

38、.Wehavealsomadeanewcommitmenttoresearchandtechnology,andwillberenovatingandupgradingourlaboratoryfacilitiestobettermeetourstudentsneeds.NarratorNowlistentotwostudentsastheydiscusstheannouncement.2secondsStudentAOhgreat,nowwehavetocomeupwithmoremoneyforne_tsemester.StudentBYeah,Iknow,butIcanseewhy.Wh

39、enIfirststartedhere,classesweresomuchsmallerthantheyarenow.Withthismanystudents,itshardtogetthepersonalattentionyouneedStudentAYeah,Iguessyoureright.Youknow,insomeclassesIcantevengetaseat.AndIcouldnttakethemathcourseIwantedtobecauseitwasalreadyfullwhenIsignedup.StudentBAndtheotherthingis,well,Iamkin

40、dofworriedaboutnotbeingabletogetajobafterIgraduate.StudentAWhy?Imeanyouredoingreallywellinyourclasses,arentyou?StudentBImdoingok,butthefacilitiesherearesolimited.Therearesomegreatnewe_perimentsinmicrobiologythatwecantevendoherethereisntenoughequipmentinthelaboratories,andtheequipmenttheyhaveisoutofd

41、ate.HowamIgoingtocompeteforjobswithpeoplewhohavepracticalresearche_perience?Ithinkthee_tratuitionwillbeagoodinvestment.2secondsNarratorThewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthe

42、beep.2secsbeepThewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Preparationtime:30secondsResponsetime:60seconds对于该题，首先要快速读完文字通知部分，再听懂AB两者间的对话方可答题.若在答题前先扫描题干,可以看出这道题也是一道Issue题,只是其观点并非由答题者自由发挥,而是必须在听明白其中那名女生的观点后加以有

43、条理的复述.请特别注意,这道题的关键是要阐述她的观点并加以说理,若一些举例性的细节实在没有听清楚可以略过.不过这也意味着归纳总结能力是此题所考查的英语语言运用能力之一.本题参考答案:Thewomanisinfavoroftheuniversitysdecisiontoraisethetuitionandfeeforallstudents.Oneofherreasonsisthattheuniversityneedstohiremorefacultymemberssothatclasssizewouldbemadesmaller.Shehasnoticedthattheever-e_pandin

44、gclasssizehaskeptstudentsfromgettingenoughpersonalattentiontheyneed.Shealsoagreesthatthelackoffacultymembershasledtothelimitedopportunityforstudentstotakethecoursestheyareinterestedin.Besides,shethinksitishighlynecessaryfortheuniversitytobefinancedtopurchasebetterresearchfacilitiessothatstudentswoul

45、dhavetheopportunitytoconductallthee_perimentstheyneedtomasterfortheirfuturecareer.三.先听后答题NarratorPleaseListenCarefullyNarratorYoumaybegintoprepareyourresponseafterthebeep.2secsbeepNarratorNowlistentoaconversationbetweentwostudents.StudentAHeyLisa,howsitgoing?StudentBHiMark.Uh,ImOK,Iguess,butmyschool

46、workisreallystressingmeout.StudentAsympatheticallyYeah?Whatswrong?StudentBWell,Ivegotapapertowrite,andtwoe_amstostudyfor.Andabunchofmathproblemstofinish.ItsjustsomuchthatIcantconcentrateonanyofit.Istartconcentratingonstudyingforoneofmye_ams,andthenImlike,howlongsitgonnataketofinishthatproblemset?Stu

47、dentAWowsoundslikeyouvegotalotmoreworkthanyoucanhandlerightnow.NotwantingtosoundtoopushyLookhaveyoutalkedtosomeofyourprofessorsImean,youknow,trytoe_plaintheproblem.Look,youcouldprobablygetane_tensiononyourpaper,oronthemathassignmentStudentBYouthink?Itwouldgivemealittlemoretimetoprepareformye_amsrigh

48、tnow.StudentAWell,ImeananotherthingthatyoumightdoImeanhaveyoutriedmakingyourselfaschedule?ImeanthatswhatIdowhenImfeelingoverwhelmed.StudentBWhatdoesthatdoforyou?StudentAWell,Imeanithelpsyoutofocusyourenergies.Youknow,youmakeyourselfachartthatshowsthene_tfewdaysandthetimetillyourstuffisdueandStudentBUh-huhmeaningImlisteningStudentAImeanthinkaboutwhatyouneedtodo,andwhenyouhavetodoitby.Youknowthenstartfillinginyourschedulelike,allright9:00nineto_:30eleven