托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析

1、托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析原来词汇题可以这么做托福阅读词汇题可用代入法推断这种方法相当于万无一失的万金油了.不论你遇到什么情况,把四个选项带入到原文中看是否语义通顺符合逻辑.是个正确率比较高的方法.代入法解题思路实例讲解原题实例thedeserts,whichalreadyoccupyappro_imatelyaforthoftheearthslandsurface,haveinrecentdecadesbeenincreasinglyatanalarmingpace.thee_pansionofdesert-likeconditionsintoareaswher

2、etheydidnotpreviouslye_istiscalleddesertification.ithasbeenestimatedthatanadditionalone-fourthoftheearthslandsurfaceisthreatenedbythisprocess.thewordthreatenedinthepassageisclosetinmeaningtoA.restrictedB.endangeredC.preventedD.rejected.思路解析这道题目问的是threatened这个单词的意思.大部分背了单词的同学都知道是威胁的意思,很容易的就可以选择b答案.但是

3、如果你不认识这个单词呢,我们来看下单词所在这个句子,估计另外的四分之一的土地被这种进程所.那么这个进程讲的就是前面所提到的沙漠化的进程.我们来看下四个选项,A受限制的,B被威胁的,C被阻止的,D被拒绝的.把这四个单词带入的话,我们得出b被威胁的这个选项是最合适的.托福阅读撩题必备技能后置定语常见的后置定语表现形式:Theleaders(presentatthemeeting)areveryfamousHislover(forhiscountry)isverygreatThekid(runningontheground)iscuteThegirl(punishedbytheteacher)cri

4、edShehasameeting(toattend)sendsIlikethechocolate(thatyouboughtformeyesterday)Paragraph4:Foreheadrubbingbymaledeeronbuckrubspresumablyagreatdealofinformationtoothermembersofthesamespecies.First,thechemicalsdepositedontherubprovideinformationontheindividualidentityofananimal;notwomammalsproducethesame

5、scent.Forinstance,asweallknow,dogsrecognizeeachotherviasmell.Second,becauseonlymaledeerrub,thebuckrubanditsassociatedchemicalsindicatethese_ofthedeerproducingtherub.Third,oldermoredominantbucksproducemorebuckrubsandprobablydepositmoreglandularsecretionsonagivenrub.Thus,thepresenceofmanywell-markedru

6、bsisindicativeofolder,higher-statusmalesbeinginthegeneralvicinityratherthansimplybeingacrudemeasureofrelativedeerabundanceinagivenarea.Theinformationconveyedbytheolfactorysignalsonabuckrubmakesitthesocialequivalentofsomeauditorysignalsinotherdeerspecies,suchastrumpetingbybullelk.Whatcanbeinferredfro

7、mparagraph4aboutthetrumpetingofbullelk?OTrumpetingbyhigher-statusbullelksignalstheirpresencetoothermembersoftheirspecies.OBullelkneedtocombinetrumpetingwitholfactorysignalstoconveyinformationabouttheiridentity.OTrumpetingalertswhite-taileddeertothepresenceofbullelkintheirvicinity.OTrumpetingprovides

8、abettermeasureofdeerpresenceinagivenareathanbuckrubsdo.这是一道推断题,较有难度,根据题干定位后发现解题区间在原文的最后2句话,都是长难句,我们来逐一分析一下;根据trumpeting先是定位到最后一句,这个句子包含了后置定语conveyedbytheolfactorysignalsonabuckrub,读到这里发现并不是句子重心,后面的makesitsocialequivalent才是句子重心,由此能感觉到作者意在做类比,非常符合推断题的解题思路哦,比较对象分别是通过olfactory(rub)传达的信号和通过auditory(trump

9、eting)传达的信号,这两种信号具有相同的社会功能;上一句依然包含了后置定语,beinginthegeneralvicinityinagivenarea,所以句子重心在前,讲的是rub的出现代表着周围有older,higher-status的buck最后我们尝试联系一下这2句话，得出的结论是：olfactory(rub)-higherstatusbuck=auditory(trumpeting)-higherstatusbullelk,选择AThenumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysincetheentryofEuropeansintoPugetSound

10、country.Theearlye_plorersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly_00sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoanedthelackofthissucculentgameanimal.Famouse_plorersofthenorthAmericanfrontier,LewisandClarkarrivedatthemouthoftheColumbiaRiveronNovember_,_,innearlystarvedcircumstances.Theyhade_periencedgreatdifficul

11、tyfindinggamewestoftheRockiesandnotuntilthesecondofDecemberdidtheykilltheirfirstelk.Tokeep40peoplealivethatwinter,theyconsumedappro_imately_0elkand20deer.Andwhengamemovedoutofthelowlandsinearlyspring,thee_peditiondecidedtoreturneastratherthanfacepossiblestarvation.Lateronintheearlyyearsofthenineteen

12、thcentury,whenFortVancouverbecametheheadquartersoftheHudsonsBayCompany,deerpopulationscontinuedtofluctuate.DavidDouglas,Scottishbotanicale_plorerofthe_30s,foundadisturbingchangeintheanimallifearoundthefortduringtheperiodbetweenhisfirstvisitin_25andhisfinalcontactwiththefortin_32.ArecentDouglasbiogra

13、pherstates:Thedeerwhichoncepicturesquelydottedthemeadowsaroundthefortweregonein_32,huntedtoe_terminationinordertoprotectthecrops.Accordingtoparagraph3,howhadFortVancouverchangedbythetimeDavidDouglasreturnedin_32?OTheforthadbecometheheadquartersfortheHudsonsBayCompany.ODeerhadbegunpopulatingthemeadow

14、saroundthefort.ODeerpopulationsneartheforthadbeendestroyed.OCropyieldsintheareaaroundtheforthaddecreased.这是一道细节题,解题策略会相对更简单粗暴一些,根据题干_32我们定位到andhisfinalcontactwiththefortin_32,这里读一下发现并没有回答题目,那下一句应该继续再讲_32年之后的故事,由此往下看是一个长难句,出现了后置定语whichonce并不是句子重心, 句子重picturesquelydottedthemeadowsaroundthefort,心在wereg

15、one,表示这些鹿都消失了,以此为线索可以确定包含destroyed的选项C为同义改写选项ThebasicculturalrequirementsforthesuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsincludetheappropriateboat-building,sailing,andnavigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace,domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions,andavariedinvento

16、ryoffishingimplementsandtechniques.ItisnowgenerallybelievedthattheseprerequisitesoriginatedwithpeoplesspeakingAustronesianlanguages(agroupofseveralhundredrelatedlanguages)andbegantoemergeinSoutheastAsiabyabout5000B.C.E.Thecultureofthattime,basedonarchaeologyandlinguisticreconstruction,isassumedtohav

17、ehadabroadinventoryofcultivatedplantsincludingtaro,yarns,banana,sugarcane,breadfruit,coconut,sago,andrice.Justasimportant,theculturealsopossessedthebasicfoundationforaneffectivemaritimeadaptation,includingoutriggercanoesandavarietyoffishingtechniquesthatcouldbeeffectiveforoverseasvoyaging.Allofthefo

18、llowingarementionedinparagraph3asrequiredforsuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsE_CEPTOknowledgeofvariousAustronesianlanguagesOavarietyoffishingtechniquesOnavigationalskillsOknowledgeofplantcultivation这是一道排除题,几个正确选项在第一句话里都分别有提及,而错误选项A并非完全没有提到,它的位置在第二句话的前半个分句,这里依然出现后置定语speakingAustronesianlangua

19、ges,用以修饰people,而不是A选项提到白中心词knowledge,所以选AThereisadanger,ofcourse,thatplaymaybemisinterpretedornotrecognizedasplaybyothers,potentiallyleadingtoaggression.Thisisespeciallytruewhenplayconsistsofpracticingnormalaggressiveorpredatorbehaviors.Thus,manyspecieshaveevolvedclearsignalstodelineateplayfulness.D

20、ogs,fore_ample,willwagtheirtails,getdowntheirfrontlegs,andsticktheirbehindsintheairtoindicatewhatfollowsisjustforplay.Withmessagessuchasthose,evendogsthatarestrangerstoeachothercanbeplayingwithinafewminutes再看一道插入题,插入题我们一般会关注插入句中的逻辑词比如这里有even,那我们换个角度看一下,这里发现了后置定语thatarestrangerstoeachother用以修饰前面的dogs

21、,所以插入句中提到的狗不是泛泛而指的狗哦,而是互相不认识的狗.回到原文发现最后一句话开始提到Dogs,是泛指，插入句中的dogs被后置定语限定过,是特指,特指放在泛指后面,选DTheraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.Theconsequencesofane_cessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationco

22、verandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.OGrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetationinsemiaridlands.最后这是一道段落小结题,该段落第一句话为段落主题句,同时出现了后置定语wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation,句子重心在前,强调家畜的饲养为主要经济活动,中心词是the

23、raisingoflivestock,后面的内容也是围绕着这个词展开的,讲的是这种活动对于该地区产生的影响,不再涉及后置定语中有关grass的讨论;所以这个选项就自然排除啦.托福阅读:寻找题干能力对于highlightedsentences解题过程的重要性Whichofthesentencesbelowbeste_pressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformati

24、on.在这里要注意,highlightedsentences的题目是直接给出明确的做题指导的,那就是错误的句子会1)漏掉句子中的重要信息.2)曲解句子的意思.在现实做题备考过程中,学生们往往很容易看出曲解句子意思选项,知道不可以选,但容易在一些信息全对的选项上犹豫.这几个选项的信息原文句子都有提到那我究竟应该选择哪一个选项呢?其实在托福考试的highlightedsentences题型中,其实有一条潜规则,那就是:那句highlightedsentence的主干其实就是句子的重要信息.所以,在这个时候,分析句子题干就成为了一个至关重要的能力.就让我们先一起看一道例题吧!Paragraph3:T

25、heWesthadplentyofattractions:thealluvialriverbottoms,thefecundsoilsoftherollingforestlands,theblackloamsoftheprairiesweretemptingtoNewEnglandfarmersworkingtheirrocky,sterilelandandtosoutheasternfarmersplaguedwithsoildepletionanderosion.In_20underanewlandlaw,afarmcouldbeboughtfor$100.Thecontinuedprol

26、iferationofbanksmadeiteasierforthosewithoutcashtonegotiateloansinpapermoney.WesternFarmersborrowedwiththeconfidente_pectationthatthee_pandingeconomywouldkeepfarmpriceshigh,thusmakingiteasytorepayloanswhentheyfelldue.5 .Whichofthesentencesbelowbeste_pressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsente

27、nceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.OBecausetheWesthadmoreriversandforeststhantheEast,itssoilwasmoreproductive.OThefertilesoilsoftheWestdrewfarmersfromregionswithbarrensoils.OFarmerslivinginwesternareasoftheUnitedStatesweremoreaffectedbysoile

28、rosionthanfarmerslivingineasternareas.OThesoilinwesternareasoftheUnitedStateswasricherthansoilineasternareas.这是TPO20-1WestwardMigration的highlightedsentences题,初看这道题,很多单词量不够大的学生是很有压力的,所以他们会觉得这道题很难做出来的原因是因为太多单词看不懂,比如alluvial,fecund,loam,prairies,sterile,depletion但对于很多单词量大的同学，也很容易选择A或者D这两个选项，然后在我提示他们答案并

29、不是A的时候表示惊讶:啊?那剩下还有别的选项能选吗?其实,出现这两种情况的原因都是因为同学们没有从找题干的角度分析这道题于是现在,就让我们先暂时不看选项,而是单独看这个highlightedsentence,找寻一下这个句子的主干.其实,这个句子虽然复杂,但静下心里看,主干还是很明显的.这个句子的冒号前后是两句话,重点是冒号后面的那一句,仔细看的话,会发现thealluvialriverbottoms,thefecundsoilsoftherollingforestlands,theblackloamsoftheprairies这一群很复杂的词组组成了主语,weretemptingtoandt

30、o构成了谓语,NewEnglandfarmersworkingtheirrocky,sterileland和southeasternfarmersplaguedwithsoildepletionanderosion.构成了宾语,所以整个句子的结构就非常清晰了,那就是:._weretemptingto._and._.翻译成中文就是:._正在引诱._.所以,这个句子的主干,是一定包含了._正在引诱._这个意思的,如果选项中没有包含了这个意思,就不是正确选项.那么这时候,同学们再来看一看这道题,应该选择什么呢?A选项虽然包含了很多句子中的信息,但它唯独没有._正在引诱._的意思,所以不是正确答案.B

31、选项虽然是最短的选项,语言也非常概括,但它是麻雀虽小,五脏俱全.其中的drew就有吸引的意思,所以其实这是一个可以选择的选项.C选项整个意思倒过来了,不是西部农民,而是东南部农民更容易被soilerosion所影响.D选项的信息也没有错,但跟A选项一样,它也不包含主干内容.所以最后我们的答案是B选项.这个让大家都觉得太短了,信息太少的选项反而是正确答案,就因为它是唯一一个信息没错误又包含了句子主干内容的选项.所以,其实从某种意义上来说,就算同学们不认识那些生词,只要找到主干,知道temptto的意思，就也能运用我们的分析主干技巧来顺利选出B选项.现在,同学们是不是已经掌握了托福的highlightedsentences主干就是句子的重要信息的潜规则了?有了这样的技巧,大家就再来试一道题吧!Thefrequencywithwhichcertainsimplemotifsappearintheseoldestsites the Panaramiteehasledrock-artresearcherstoadoptadescriptivetermstylealabelwhichtakesitsnamefromthee_tensiverockpavementsatPanaramiteeNorthindesertSouth