【高考新题型】高中英语概要写作提升训练

1、概要写作提升训练一、提供一篇 350 词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60 词左右的内容概要。(满分 25 分)词数 少于 40 的和多于 80 的，从总分中 减去 2 分。评分原则：1、 本题总分为 25 分，按 5 个档次给分。第五档( (21-25)理解准确，涵盖全部要点，能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑完全使用 自己的语言2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3、词数少于 40 的和多于 80 的，从总分中减去 2 分评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1

2、) 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2) 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3) 上下文的连贯性；(4) 对各要点表达的独立性情况；阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。(Paral )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there isnothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.(Para 2 )ln the early 16th century,p eople thought that dirt on the skin was a

3、means to blockout disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could ope n up theskin and let ills in. A particular dan ger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the Frenchking had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546. Thus begana

4、 long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, Ki ngof Fran ce, was famously dirty. Upon leanning that a n oblema n had take n a bath, the kingordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.（Para 3）Though the belief in the m

5、erit of dirt was Iong-lived, dirt has no Ion ger bee nregarded as a nice n eighbor ever since the 18th cen tury. Scie ntifically speak in g,clea ningaway dirt is good to health. Clea n water supply and hand wash ing are practical means ofpreve nti ng disease. Yet, it seems that sta ndards of clea nl

6、i ness have moved bey ond scienee since World Warn. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter thanwhite, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?（Para 4） Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. M any first-time parents nerv

7、ously tryto warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. Onthe contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist（ 免疫学家 ）,encourages children toplay in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining someground.写作步骤：Step 1

8、: Read 找到关键词和主题句，准确理解，分析原文要点，归纳段落大意、。注意： Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.You may need to pay attention to some words like: think, believe, consider,insisit, regard,hold ,argue,support, approve,be convinced that, in one s opinion from one s point of viewStep 2: Make an outline （列提纲，挑出要点

9、作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为一句写出概要的初稿）There is no thi ng fixed about attitudes to dirt （要点 1）In the 16th century （Para 2 ） People thought that dirt on the skin was ameans to block out disease （要点 2）sin ce18th cen tury（Para 3）has no Ion ger bee n regarded asclea ning awaydirt is good to health （要点 3）nowadays(

10、Para 4)encourages children to play in the dirt to build upastrong immune system.(要点 4)Step 3: Rewrite the sentences other ways 改写综合运用以下技巧进行转换1同义近义替换；2词性转换；3句型转换；4语态转换；5反向表达与正话反说；6句子合并重构；将多个句子合并成一个多枝共干式的简单句或复合句。主要通过句法与词汇，减少使用谓语动语的使用来合并重构。a. 用非谓语动词替换定语从句或状语从句；b. 用名词性的语块或非谓语替换名词性从句；c. 将动词(或表动词意义的形容词)名词

11、化；d. 使用介词短语替换从句；e. 使用物称主语的句型；f. 使用广义词代替具体词减少重复语句的使用。改写时句型要力求简单，每句话要表意明确，无空泛，笼统，含混之词。尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体的描述性词语。There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtno thi ng fixed- differe nt, various,mixed反义转换attitudes- opinions, views,ideas to-towards 同义词替换The attitudes to dirt is not always thesam

12、e.People s attitudes to dirt vary in different times.People hold differe nt opinions towards dirt over time.2In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease.Thought (think)-believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convincedblock out disease- prevent

13、/protect/keep away from illness 同义词替换One possible version:thInthe 16 century, people believed that dirt protected people fromgetting ill.3.dirt has no Ion ger bee n regarded as a nice n eighbor ever since the 18thcentury. Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.clea ning away- w

14、ash off, get rid ofis good to- ben efits, is ben eficial to, does good to, con tributes to同义词替换One possible version:People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.4Nowadays, encourages people to play in the

15、dirt to build up a strong immune systemencourages- believe, support,agree, approveplay in the dirt-be exposed to.同义词替换People are en couraged to语态替换One possible version:Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immunesystem.Step 4: Make the summarycoherent各要点之间要适当衔接，而且

16、要使用较短的连接词。例如，可使用 but,then,thus ,yet ,though ,少使用或不使用 at the same time ,in the first place ,because of these ,on the other hand等较长的连接词。1People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.However,th2In the 16 century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirtprotected peop

17、le from getting ill.3people began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that wash ing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.Nevertheless/But/however4no wadays, , some scie ntists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immunesystem.Step 5: Revise 检查检查

18、时要遵循 4 “C : complete 要点完整齐全，correct 遣词造句要准确，concise 句子要简洁 ,coherent 上下文要连贯Step 6: Clearly copy yourdraft to the paper 工整撰写，注意标点。 参考范文：People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16thcentury, people of someEuropean countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. Howeve

19、r, people beganto change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt offour body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to somedirt may help our immune system. （ 67 words）二、（一）原文阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Although some people

20、dont like using automatic hand dryers in restrooms, It mayactually beargued that motion-sensing（ 动 作感应）hand dryers are a practical alter native topaper towels（纟氏巾）.I believe that our school would ben efit from inv esti ngin automatichand dryers in all the restrooms.First of all,the automatic hand dr

21、yer Is very san itary（ 卫生的）.In stead of pulling on alever（手柄）touched by a large number of students, users can juststick their hands un der theair dryer. No bacteria can get on them because there is nothing totouch.In addition, if the school buys automatic hand dryers, we can save money. There is ate

22、rrible waste of paper towels in the restrooms. Students continu ously pull on the lever forunn eeded towels un til the dispe nsers（ 自动 售货机）are empty. An automatic hand dryercosts about $ 500,with very little additional cost over time while paper towels can cost $ 25 acase, or about $ 500 a year. Aft

23、er just one year, it would pay for itself.Fin ally, ourbathroom is a paper towel mess! There arealways piles of paper towels onthe floor. Sometimes the extras fall from thedispe nser unu sed. Many times kids make theirused towel into a ball and aim fora basket. But if they miss the target, the paper

24、 ball stays onthe floor. Papertowels leave so much litter in the restrooms that the restrooms are amess.People use theha nd dryers for just a few sec on ds, and they thi nk that automatic handdryersdont dry their hands as thoroughly as paper towels. However, studies have shown thatwhen people dry th

25、eir hands for at least 30 sec on ds, automatic dryers actually dry muchbetter tha n paper towels. It is difficult to get every part ofyour hand dry using paper towels, butthe air can if you take a few extra sec on ds.As you see there are some good poin ts, lets in stall automatic hand dryers as soon

26、 aspossible.（二）改写? Moti on-sensing（ 动作感应）ha nd dryers are a practical alter native to paper towels（纸巾）.I believe that our school would ben efit fromi nv esti ng in automatic hand dryers in all therestrooms.-Compared with paper towels, hand dryers have more advantages, which will benefitschool in fou

27、r ways.? First of all, the automatic hand dryer Is verysanitary（卫生的）.No bacteria can get onthembecause there is nothing to touch.-First, they are clean and healthy because bacteria cant touch kids.? In addition, if the school buys automatic handdryers, we can savemon ey. There is a terrible waste of papertowels in the restrooms.-Additionally , it can help school save money.? Finally, our bathroom is a paper towelmess!-Thirdly , our bathroom can be kept clean a