中国传统桥梁

1、Traditional Chinese Bridges中国传统桥梁目录1The origin of the bridges2The categories of the bridges 3The development of the bridges4 Chinas four famous ancient bridgesThe origin of the traditional chinese bridgesChina is the hometown of the bridge. The traditional chinese bridges had been developed in Sui D

2、ynasty, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Throughout history, the Chinese people have built thousands of bridges, which have earned high reputation all over the world. Ancient bridges are crystallization of our ancestors wisdom and besides their practical functions, they also have great artistic v

3、alue.中国是桥的故乡。中国的传统桥梁发展于隋，兴盛于宋。在历史上，中国人民建立了数以千计的桥梁，在世界上赢得了较高的声誉。古桥是我们祖先的智慧结晶，除了实用功能之外，还具有很高的艺术价值。The categories of the bridges Bridges in ancient China can be divided into four categories, namely the arch(拱桥) , beam（梁桥）, cable suspension(索桥) and floating bridges（浮桥）. 1、arch bridge (拱桥) 中国的拱桥始建于东汉中后期，

4、已有一千八百余年的历史。它是由伸臂木石梁桥、撑架桥等逐步发展而成的。在形成和发展过程的外形都是曲的，所以古时常称为曲桥。在古文献中，还用“囷(qn)”、“窌(jio) ”、“窦”、“瓮”等字来表示拱。拱桥。造型优美，曲线圆润，富有动态感。单拱的如北京颐和园玉带桥，拱券呈抛物线形，桥身用汉白玉，桥形如垂虹卧波。多孔拱桥适于跨度较大的宽广水面，常见的多为三、五、七孔，著名的颐和园十七孔桥，长约150米，宽约6.6米，连接南湖岛，丰富了昆明湖的层次，成为万寿山的对景。河北赵州桥的“敞肩拱”是中国首创，在园林中仿此形式的很多，如苏州东园中的一座。 2、 beam bridge （梁桥）梁桥是我国古代最

5、普遍、最早出现的桥梁，古时称作平桥。它的结构简单，外形平直，比较容易建造。把木头或石梁架设在沟谷河流的两岸，就成了梁桥。早在原始社会时，我国就有了独木桥和数根圆木排拼而成的木梁桥。宋朝，我国在福建泉州建成了第一座濒临海湾的大石梁桥万安桥，即洛阳桥。3、cable suspension bridge (索桥)索桥，也称吊桥、绳桥、悬索桥等，是用竹索或藤索、铁索等为骨干相拼悬吊起的大桥。古书上称为絙 gng 桥、笮（zh）桥、绳桥。多建于水流急不易做桥墩的陡岸险谷，主要见于西南地区。4、floating bridge（浮桥）浮桥，指用船或浮箱代替桥墩，浮在水面的桥梁。军队采用制式器材拼组的军用浮桥

6、，则称舟桥。浮桥的历史记载以中国为早。诗经大雅大明记载：“亲迎于渭，造舟为梁”，记载周文王姬昌于公元前1184年在渭河架浮桥。The development of the bridges1.The bud stage of the traditional chinese bridges 古桥的萌芽阶段（以西周、春秋为主，包括此前的历史时代） 2.Traditional chinese bridge s preliminary stage of development 古代桥梁的初步发展阶段（以秦、汉为主，包括战国和三国） 3.The brilliant development stage of

7、 the traditional chinese bridges 古代桥梁发展的辉煌阶段（以唐宋为主，包括两晋、南北朝和隋、 五代时期） 4.The saturation stage of the traditional chinese bridges 桥梁发展的饱和阶段（元、明、清三朝）Chinas four famous ancient bridges Chinas four famous ancient bridges, namely Zhaozhou Bridge, Luoyang Bridge, Guangji Bridge and Lugou Bridge. Then lets t

8、o study something about them respectively. 赵州桥，又名安济桥，全长50.82米，宽9.6米，跨度为37.37米，是一座由28道独立拱券组成的单孔弧形大桥。在大桥洞顶左右两边拱肩里，各砌有两个圆形小拱，用以加速排洪，减少桥身重量，节省石料，这是建桥史上的创举。桥面两边的栏板望柱，雕有各种精美图案，刀法苍劲，造型生动。在结构上，弧形平拱和敞肩小拱给人一种巨身轻灵、跃跃欲飞的动感。线条刚劲之中见柔和，稳重之中显轻灵，雄伟之中含隽永。在主拱顶上雕有龙头的龙问石一块，八瓣莲花的仰天石点缀于桥侧。这些雕像，寄寓着大桥不受水害，长存永安的愿望。 Zhaozhou

9、bridge, also known as the AnJi Zhaozhou bridge, also known as the AnJi bridge.It bridge.It is 50.82 meters long is 50.82 meters long and 9.6 meters wide, with a Span of 37.37 meter. It is and 9.6 meters wide, with a Span of 37.37 meter. It is an an arch bridge arch bridge consisting of 28 independen

10、t arches. At each shoulder of the big arc there consisting of 28 independent arches. At each shoulder of the big arc there are two small round arcs used to help drain flood water, reduce the weight are two small round arcs used to help drain flood water, reduce the weight of the bridge and save some

11、 stone. It is a pioneering work in the history of the bridge and save some stone. It is a pioneering work in the history of bridge construction. On the parapet of the bridge, there are various of bridge construction. On the parapet of the bridge, there are various delicate and vivid pictures and des

12、igns. Structurally speaking, the bow-delicate and vivid pictures and designs. Structurally speaking, the bow-shape big arc and the small round arcs on the shoulder make the bridge shape big arc and the small round arcs on the shoulder make the bridge look light despite its bulk body and give you the

13、 feeling that it is about look light despite its bulk body and give you the feeling that it is about to fly away. Its outline is very strong but gentle, stable but vivid, to fly away. Its outline is very strong but gentle, stable but vivid, magnificent and meaningful. The sculpture of a dragon head

14、on the top of magnificent and meaningful. The sculpture of a dragon head on the top of the main arc and the Yangtianshi at the side of the bridge in the shape of the main arc and the Yangtianshi at the side of the bridge in the shape of a nine-petal lily expresses the wish that the bridge will be sp

15、are from a nine-petal lily expresses the wish that the bridge will be spare from the damage of floods and lasting forever safely.the damage of floods and lasting forever safely.1、Zhaozhou Bridge（赵州桥）2、Luoyang Bridge（洛阳桥）洛阳桥在今惠安、洛江分界的洛阳江入海口，又名“万安桥”。于北宋皇祐五年至嘉祐四年（10531059年）由郡守蔡襄主持建造，历六年竣工，是我国古代著名的梁式石桥。

16、洛阳桥最初建造是十分困难的。这里濒临海湾，河道宽阔，水流湍急，时有风潮，“西有滚滚万壑流波之倾注，东有澒hng讧灏澎湃潮汐之奔驰”（泉州府志洛阳桥），水势险恶。在建桥之前，人们经此来往靠的是渡船，经常发生翻船事故。为了祈求过渡平安，这里渡口便取名为万安渡，故桥建成以后也命名为万安桥，它之所以另外起名洛阳桥，则是因为架在洛阳江上。3、, Guangji Bridge （广济桥）广济桥，俗称湘子桥，在潮州城东门外，横卧在滚滚的韩江之上，东临笔架山，西接东门闹市，南眺凤凰洲，北仰金城山，景色壮丽迷人。民谣唱曰：“到广不到潮，枉费走一遭；到潮不到桥，白白走一场”。宋乾道七年（1171年）太守曾江创建，初为浮桥，由八十六只巨船连结而成始名“康济桥”。淳熙元年间（1174年）浮桥被洪水冲垮，太守常炜重修之，并创杰阁于西岸，开始了西岸桥墩的建筑，至绍定元年（1194年）历五十四年间，朱江、王正功、丁允元、孙叔谨等太守相继增筑，完成了十个桥墩的建造。其中又以淳熙十六年（1189年）太守了允元建造的规模最大、功绩最著而改称西桥为“丁公桥”。4、Lugou Bridge(卢沟桥)卢沟桥位于北京城西南13公里、丰台区宛平县城西门外，跨永定河之上，它是北京最古老的石造多孔联拱桥。始建于金大定二十九年（1189年），成于明昌