四级长篇阅读专题练习附答案.doc

1、四级长篇阅读专题练习附答案四级长篇阅读专题练习原文A) Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip.These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile.B) We often get tred into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list

2、of responsibilities, says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management.But what if you set aside that mind-set If you could adjust what you do, she says, who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work withC) To make livelihoods

3、 more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting.Theyre working with Fortune 500 panies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Amerans think about work.The idea is to make all jobs-even mundane (平凡的) ones-mor

4、e meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but signifant workplace adjustments.Step 1: Rethink Your Job-CreativelyD) The default some people wake up to is dragng themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do, says Wrzesniewski.So in the job-crafting proc

5、ess, the first step is to think about your job holistally.You first analyze how much time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks.Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配).See I0 perfect jobs for the recession-and after.E) Take, for ele, a maintenance technian at Burts Bees, whh makes

6、personal-care products.He was interested in process enneering, though that wasnt part of his job description.To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technian asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firms manufacturing procedures more energy-

7、effient.His ideas proved helpful, and now process enneering is part of the scope of his work.F) Barbara Fredrkson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says its crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions.Doing so, s

8、he says, will help you discover whh aspects of your work are most life-ving-and most life-draining.G) Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例 ).Berg, a Ph.D.student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodally r

9、ethinking what we do.Even in the most constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room, he says.Small changes can have a real impact on life at work.Step 2: Diagram Your DayH) To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting partipants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities

10、.The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work.Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting eercise calls your strengths, motives and passions into your daily routine.You convert task lists into fleible building blocks.The end result is an a

11、fter diagram that can serve as a map for specif changes.I) lna Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who partipated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the eercise helped her adjust her priorities.Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never h

12、ad time to address the real important issues.As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.J) In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting fo

13、cuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day.ven that according to the Bureau of Labor Statists, it now takes the average job seeker more than si months to find a new position, its crucial to make the most of the job youve got.Step 3: Identify Job Loves

14、and HatesK) By reorienting (使适应 ) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy.Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologally inpetent callers.He might enjoy teaching more than customer serve.By spending more time inst

15、ructing colleagues-and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech-the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.L) Dutton, a professor at the University of Mhigans Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting pr

16、ocess.They e in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this eercise, they e away thinking about three or four things they can do differently.M) They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized, says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the orinal job

17、-crafting research.Step 4: Put Your Ideas into ActionN) To conclude the job-crafting process, partipants list specif follow-up steps: Many plan a one-0n-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas.Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks.Berg says as long as

18、their goals are met, many managers are hy to let employees adjust how they work.O) Job-crafting isnt about revenue, per se, but juing up ( 活泼 ) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line.Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled.Surveys show that more th

19、an 50 arent hy with what they do.Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost effiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity.Job-crafting wont rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.If you cant

20、ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.四级长篇阅读专题练习选项1.A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, he/she will resign or bear it.2.Amy Wrzesniewski think job could be adjusted.3.Your first thing to do in the job-crafting process is to think about your job wholly .4.The idea of a mai

21、ntenance technian at Burts Bees turned out to be helpful and energy-effient.5.Bergs suggestion about work is to rethink and make small changes.6.According to Ina Lockau-Vogel, the benefit from job-crafting is that it helps her set priorities properly.7.According to the Bureau of Labor Statists, the

22、situation in job market is -it is diffult to find a job.8.Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process.9.According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, the supervisors are willing to let employees adjust what to do.10.If you cant quit your job,

23、 using job-crafting may at least offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.四级长篇阅读专题练习答案根据题干信息词hated和job定位到文章首句：从前，假如你讨厌你的工作，要么辞职，要么掩饰自己的不满，bite ones lip意为努力掩饰某人的怒火或不满。根据题于信息词Amy Wrzesniewski和job定位到文章第二段，即：我们经常会陷入这种思维定势，认为我们的工作就是一系列要做的事情和一系列责任，但是，假如你换一种心态呢假如做些什么可以调整这种心态呢也就是说Amy Wrzesniewski认为工作是可以调整的，应选段落B。A根据题于信息词first和in the job-crafting process定位到第一个小标题下的首段第二句：在job-crafting的过程中，首先就是要整体考虑你的工作，应选段落D。holistally意为整体地，全盘地。原文的意思是先整体考虑，然后是详细分析p 时间、能量、注意力如何分配到不同的任务中。根据题干信息词At Burts Bees和maintenance technian定位到第一个小标题下的第二段：在Bu