牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-2-名词冠词及阅读A_学案

1、. 学科老师辅导学案 课程主题： 17-2-名词冠词及阅读A 学习目的1.理解名词的意义和种类：从表意来说，可分为普通名词和专有名词；从数的表达来说，可分为可数名词和不可数名词。2.掌握名词复数的构成形式及其用法：可分为可数名词复数形式构成，可数名词的数量表达；不可数名词的数量表达。3.掌握名词所有格的表达：s，of构造务必掌握；s做理解区别。4.掌握不定冠词a/an和定冠词的根本用法。5.理解在哪些情况下不用冠词。6.教学建议冠词虽少，只有a，an不定冠词和the定冠词三个，但却是中考常考语言点之一。就考察题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时也在完形填空中出现。冠词的考察重点包括不定冠词a和an的

2、用法及辨析，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。注意总结出26个字母中12个用an的即a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x; an mp4; 写作阿拉伯数字时an的情况即an 11-year-old boy，u在不同单词中的读音；不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在详细语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题考察的热点。教学内容1.9A知识点复习一.名词【知识梳理】1.专有名词和普通名词1专有名词表示特定的或者独无二的人或物，如人名、地名、机构名称等。1专有名词的首字母要大写,如 China，Africa，Mr. Green。2一般的人名、地名通常不带定冠词，但河流、海洋、群岛、海峡等名称带定

3、冠词，如：the Pacific Ocean，the English Channel。3某些由普通名词组成的专有名词也带定冠词，如, the Great Wall , the Childrens Palace, the Peoples Park, the Chinese New Year, the United States of America。4专有名词一般没有复数形式，但表示姓的专有名词变成复数时，指该姓的一家人，前面必须加定冠词，如：the Greens, the Smiths, the Wangs。2普通名词表示一类人、物或事，可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。1个体名

4、词指人或物的个体，是可数名词。2集体名词是一群人或物的总称，有些是可数名词，有些是不可数名词。如：可数名词：a classtwo classes a teamtwo teams不可数名词:furniture equipment3物质名词表示不能分为个体的物质，多数是不可数名词。4抽象名词表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，多数是不可数名词。如：advice, progress, happiness, information。2.名词的数量表达1可数名词的数量表达many，a few，some，a large number of，hundreds of，a great many等可修饰可数名词，且

5、可数名词与表示计量的名词连用时，两部分都要用复数。如：Many times，a few friends，some computers，three boxes of eggs2不可数名词的数量表达much，a little，some，a huge amount of，plenty of，a great deal of等可以修饰不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和冠词a/an或数词连用，表示数量时要与表示计量的名词连用。如：much time，a little food，some good news，three bowls of rice 3.名词的所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之

6、间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种：一种是由名词末尾加s构成；另一种由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。例如：Childrens Palace 少年宫Toms bike 汤姆的自行车the title of the book 书名the legs of the table 桌子的腿名词所有格的构成有以下几种情况：1表示生命的东西人或动物的名词所有格，一般在名词后加 's来表示。如： the boy's mother，my mother's father，Mary's birthday2词尾是s或es的复数名词所有格

7、，只加'来表示。如： the teachers' office，ten minutes' walk3词尾没有s的复数名词那么加 's来表示所有格。如： Childrens Day，Womens Day，the people's needs4假如一样东西为两人共有，那么在后一个词的词尾+'s，假如你共有，那么在两个名词的后面都+'s。如：This is Lucy and Lily's bedroom. These are Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms.5有一些指时间、间隔 、世界、国家、星球、

8、城镇等无生命的名词，也可以用's表所有格。如：today's newspaper，a mile's distance，Shanghai's products。6假如是复合名词，所有格的词尾要加在后面的名词上。如：This is her son-in-law's photo.It must be somebody elses pen. 注意：A 名词所有格后面指地点如表示店铺、人家的名词常常可以省去。如： at the tailor'sshop，at Mr Green'shomeB 名词所有格所修饰的词，假如前面已经提到，往往省略。如： T

9、his ball-point pen is not mine. It's my sister's.C 名词有较长的定语时，不宜用s，要用of短语表示所属关系。如： I know the name of the professor who is standing there.D 名词前面有冠词、数词、不定代词或者指示代词a，two，some，any，this，etc.时，常用短语加名词所有格来表示。【例题精讲】例1.We went to Dr. Brown's yesterday. He gave us_.A. some adviceB. advicesC. an adv

10、iceD. some advices例2.-Mike, what club do you want to join?-Well, I want to join the _ club. I like painting.A. artB. musicC. artD. sports例3.-Are you going out with Jade tonight?-That's my _. Mind your own!A. offerB. businessC. questionD. thing例4.-Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty

11、 cookies?-Please follow the _ on the cookbook.A. instructionB. directionC. introductionD. decision【课堂练习】1.Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _, you must keep moving.A. balanceB. promiseC. positionD. relationship2.-It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.-Yes, it's a m

12、ajor way of _ for them.A. suggestionB. vacationC. communicationD. translation3.He has much _ as an engineer, so he can build the bridge successfully.A. balanceB. experienceC. surfaceD. market4.-Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?-Yes. She won the 2019 Nobile Prize in medicine because of her g

13、reat _.A. surpriseB. achievementC. educationD. intelligence5.Bill will be a/an _ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2019 Olympics.A. guestB. reporterC. touristD. interviewee二.冠词【知识梳理】1.冠词的意义冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有两种：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。a/an是“一个的意思，a一般读作/，an读作/n，在特别强调或单个朗读时，它们可

14、读作/ei，æn/。the在辅音前读ð，在元音前渎ði，在特别强调或单个朗读时，读作6i：，有“那这个的意思。【例题精讲】例1. How long is _quarter of a basketball match in NBA? Its usually twelve minutes long and between _ second and third quarters there is a ten-minute break. A. the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a例2.At primary school,I dreamed o

15、f being_astronaut.A. aB. anC. theD. /例3.Jack likes playing_soccer, but he doesnt like playing_ piano.A. /,/B. the,/C. the,theD. /,the例4.It is _ useful dictionary.A. aB. anC. theD. /例5.What does Michael look like?He has big eyes and _ wide mouth.A. aB. anC. theD. /【课堂练习】1.On July 15, 2019 _ earthquak

16、e hit Wenchuan, Sichuan Province.A. anB. aC. /D. the2.“Cindy, do you have_email address？I want to send you some photos.“Yes, I do.It's cindy126sohu .A. aB. anC. theD. /3.As we know, England is _ European country and Singapore is _ Asian country.A. an; anB. an; aC. a; aD. a; an4.What do you want

17、to be in the future, Nick?I want to be_ pilot.It is _ exciting job.A. a; aB. a; anC. the; anD. a; the5.It's not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the三.总知识梳理【知识梳理】1.阅读理解概述中考阅读理解题主要考察考生对单词、词组、语法、句型、习惯用法的综合运用及其英语思维的才能。要求考生能不借助词典阅读含有3%生词的多种文体的语言材料，阅

18、读速度为每分钟50-70个词。近年中考英语的阅读理解文章根本都是从原版书或杂志上节选，题材丰富，体裁各异，有报道、有故事、有评论、有科普文章、还有旅游广告等。从阅读文章的体例来看一般有说明文和记叙文，对说明文，要抓住文章所提供的信息做出分析、判断或选择，然后做出结论；对于记叙文，应力求弄清文中提及的人或物、时间、地点、事件和原因等要点，总结全文的中心思想。2.常见考察方式3.常见题型及解题方法细节题又称事实询问题常见提问方式：以what, who, which, when, where, how或why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一详细细节提问。如：There was once a larg

19、e, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly pay every Friday evening. .As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in the office every day.

20、How much money was the husband allowed to keep every day? A. Just enough to buy chocolates. B. Just enough to buy a sandwich. C. Just enough to buy hi.s lunch in a restaurant. D. Just enough to buy his lunch in the office.筒析：这是一道典型的细节题，因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到。根据这段最后一句话，可以得知D为正确答案。细节题解题方法：1明确题意，找出题目中与细节有关的一

21、个或者多个关键词主要是一些实词，比方，此题中的关键词可以定位为money，husband，keep。2带着关键词，回到文中进展定位。由关键词money，可将答案定位在文段的最后一句。3阅读该句，查找答案。假如没有找到答案，在上一句或者下一句中寻找，一般就能找到答案。4.常见题型及解题方法推断题常见提问方式：What can you conclude下结论from this passage?What's the author's attitude态度towards?Which statement is not true?做这类题要求考生在阅读的同时抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章构

22、造，根据上下文内在联络，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进展符合逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步加强理解，抓住本质性的东西。如：A man, dressed as a countryman. was walking along the street of a large city. He was carrying a small parcel. It was wrapped up carefully. It had a name and an address on it. There was also some

23、writing which said it had l,000- dollars inside. The countryman was looking this way and that. He was certainly looking for the house where he had to put the parcelA stranger, passing by, asked him what he was looking for. The countryman showed his parcel. He asked him to read the address on it.“I h

24、ave forgotten it,he said.“And I don't know how to read.'“Why!said the stranger, “That's my name and address. It's my parcel. It's from my old friend, Bob. He promised to send it to me a week ago.The countryman looked pleased to hear this. “Take it if it's yours,he said. “But

25、you must give me sixty dollars for my trouble.The stranger did so. The countryman then got on a passing bus. The stranger went to a quiet corner to look at the parcel. Inside it, there was nothing but some pieces of torn cloth. What's the feeling of the stranger? A, Angry. B Regretful. e Bad. n

26、Surprised.简析：这是一个推理判断题，它要求学生对文章进展仔细分析，才能做出合理判断。看完文章后知道文中的stranger拿了60美元换回了一个装满破布的包裹。当他看到这些破布时，他马上意识到他没有骗到“乡下人的钱，反而被“乡下人骗了，他那时一定非常生气，对自己的行为感到懊悔，如选B，那么没有理解文章的意思。如选C或D,虽然也略微表达了一点stranger的心理状态，但毕竟没有A那么贴切。【例题精讲】例1. Astronauts have already visited the moon and lived on space stations. They've never be

27、en to another planet so far, but by the year 2100, they might live on the planetMars. The astronauts will spend about six months traveling to the planet, then about two years on the planet and about six months traveling back to the earth. They'll be away from the earth for about three years, so

28、they'll need a lot of food! It's very expensive to take food into space. It costs about 120,000 dollars to carry something that weighs one kilogram. So an apple on Mars could cost 20, 000 dollars! Of course, they will need to take quite a lot of food with them to feed the astronauts for thre

29、e years. This amount of fresh food can not stay fresh, and is very expensive to take, so they need to find food that is not very heavy. At the moment, astronauts on space stations eat dried food. It's very light, so it doesn' t cost a lot of money to carry it into space. But astronauts stay

30、healthier and happier if they eat fresh food. In the future, astronauts on Mars may grow vegetables like lettuce, spinach and carrots. Astronauts on Mars will probably have special machines. They Ml use these machines to change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese because it won' t be

31、 possible to keep animals in space. Life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways. People will have more space. Living in a large building with only 10 bedrooms is highly possible. Many people believe that robot will do most of our work, so we have more time for our hobbies.1According

32、to the text, by the year 2100, some of us will possibly live _ .A. on the moon B. on MarsC. in the sun D. under the sea2Why do the astronauts have to eat dried food_ ?A. Because it is cheap to buy.B. Because it is delicious.C. Because it makes them happy.D. Because it is cheap to carry.3Which of the

33、 following is TRUE according to the passage_ ?A. Astronauts will get food that taste like meat or cheese from beans on Mars.B. If we take two kilograms of apples into space, it could cost 40,000 dollars.C. It will take the astronauts about three months to get to a planet.D. Dried food is as healthy

34、as fresh food for astronauts in space.4Why will life on Mars be better than that on the earth_ ?A. Because only a few people will live there.B. Because there will be much delicious food.C. Because there will be more space and less work to do.D. Because people don't need to do any work.5The best

35、title for this passage is "_ ".A. Food in SpaceB. An Important PlanetC. Astronauts in the FutureD. Vegetables in Space 【课堂练习】1. Holding up welcoming banners and cheering fervidly, about 2,000 Hong Kong students in tidy school uniform was waiting to meet their space heroes at the Queen Eliz

36、abeth Stadium here Monday morning. "We came here to show our support to the space flight development of our country," said Miss Chan. Three Chinese taikonauts, who jointly carried out China's historic maiden space walk, and dozens of other members of the Shenzhou VII spacecraft Monday

37、attended a sharing session with an audience including more than 2,000 students from about 200 local primary and middle schools. "What did you see during the space walk?" Students were eager to know what it was like in the space. Zhai Zhigang, the first Chinese taikonaut who got out of the

38、spacecraft and walked in the space, told the audience that the space was very lucid, not as dark as people thought before, and one can have an extensive view up there. He said, however, that he had not taken time to enjoy the beautiful scenery as he needed to finish up the assigned mission within a

39、limited time. "Can you bring personal belongings up into the space? What will you bring next time?" Students were also interested in taikonauts' life in the space. "Of course, we can," taikonaut Jing Haipeng said, "I myself had brought photos of my family and I will defi

40、nitely bring a dining table with Hong Kong cuisine next time." For Zhai, he said that he wanted to bring a space detector to find out whether there will be other kinds of life form existing in the space. "If I meet an alien next time, I think I can try to use body language to communicate w

41、ith them," said Zhai. The stadium was full of laughter every time when the taikonauts threw out an answer that the audience found amusive. Being a taikonaut is never easy. All three-space heroes agreed that it was important to have a supportive and considerate family, so that they can engage in

42、 their space flight mission intently. "You must be firm in volition, don't give up and you will eventually reach your goal," taikonaut Liu Boming encouraged students to have their own dreams. On listening to their hardship during training, many of the students were moved by the space h

43、eroes' spirit.1Miss Chan and the students came to the Queen Elizabeth Stadium because_ .A. they wanted to meet their space heroesB. they wanted to show their support to the space flight development of their countryC. they wanted to ask taikonauts some questions.D. they wanted to see the Shenzhou

44、 VII spacecraft2_ was the first Chinese taikonaut who got out of the spacecraft and walked in the space.A. Jing Haipeng B. Liu BomingC. Zhai Zhigang D. Miss Chan3From the answers of three Chinese taikonauts, we know_ .A. they have a lot of time to enjoy the beautiful sceneryB. the space was very luc

45、id and as dark as people thought beforeC. Jing Haipeng wanted to bring a dining table with Hong Kong cuisine next timeD. Zhai Zhigang will try to use language to communicate with an alien next time4Which of the following is TRUE_ ?A. Being a taikonaut is dangerous and difficult.B. Three Chinese taik

46、onauts walked in the space happily.C. It was important to have a supportive and considerate family for the students.D. The stadium was full of audiences every time.5How can we reach our goal from Liu Boming's words_ ?A. We must be firm in volition.B. Don't give up.C. We should have our own d

47、reams.D. A, B and C. 1.Im sorry to say_ of your answers are correct.A. bothB. eitherC. noneD. neither2.Millions of pounds have been spent the free state education system in Britain.A. to improvingB. in improvingC. to improveD. to have improved3.I dont know if he _ tomorrow. If he _, please call me.A

48、. will come, comesB. comes, comesC. comes, will comeD. will come, will come4.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but is quite_ to perform skillfully yourself.A. otherB. anotherC. someD. the other5.I take chemistry and biology because I need _to get into medical school.A. themB. theirC.

49、 itD. they6.Who is_man with glasses?-Oh, hes our new English teacher, Mr Li.A. aB. anC. theD. /A. discovers B. equal C. environment D. precious E. expresses7. The story starts in a city called Zootopia, which is a city like no other. Its a melting pot where animals from every _ live together a place

50、 where no matter what you are, from the biggest elephant to the smallest shrew地鼠, you can be anything. But when the happy officer Judy Hopps arrives, she _ that being the first rabbit on a police station of big and tough animals isnt so easy. The little rabbit decided to prove herself. She jumps at

51、the golden chance to deal with a case, even if it means working with a fox, Nick Wilde, to solve the mystery奥秘.The film _ the meaning that we should never give up on a dream or settle down. Were all _ , and therefore should treat对待 others the way we wish to be treated. The film creates a sense of in

52、spiration, encouraging both kids and adults to aim high, work hard and succeed.8.1.Supporters wanted to send money to him. Suddenly bills through bank transfers and even paper airlines flew over the _ house.art9.1.He looked_ at the life,only to find that his hero Kobe Bryant would retire at the end

53、of the season.amazing10.1.Crazy fans rushed_ to the super star,screaming and singing.direct11.Could you tell me? Why are you late for such an important conference? 合并为一句Could you tell me why _ _ late for such an important conference?12.Hes given some important talks on science technology to us. 改为被动

54、语态Some important talks on science technology _ _ given to us.13.The girl beside me is a volunteer for our community. 对划线部分提问 _ _ is a volunteer for our community?14.In a small town in France,there was a farmer who lived alone.Every day,he 1_ a poundof butter to his neighbour, who was a baker. One da

55、y the baker decided to 2 _ the butter to see if he was getting a pound. After he weighed it, he found that he wasn't. The baker then took the farmer to the judge法官.The judge asked the fanner if he had any way to weigh the butter.The farmer replied/'I am so 3_ that I do not have enough money to buy anything to weigh it,but I do have a kind of scale ."The judge asked/