高中英语选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions-语法篇（教师版）

1、.第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇_1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；2.可以纯熟运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。一. 概述：分词分为如今分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。一. 分词的作用：1、 作定语（1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词some

2、thing等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2、 作表语如今分词作表语多表示主语具

3、有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.3、 作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found

4、my car missing.Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。4、 作插入语其构造是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of speaking of 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从

5、他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。二. 分词的时态1、 与主语动词同时。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。2、 先于主语动词分词作时间状语，假如先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went

6、out for a walk.做完作业，他出去漫步。三. 分词的语态1、 通常情况下，如今分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fa

7、llen ball 一个落下来的球a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴二. 如今分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，如今分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，如今分词表示的动作往往正在进展或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶1.2019安徽卷While waiting for the opportunity to get      , Henry did his best to perform his du

8、ty.A. promoteB. promoted C. promotingD. to promote答案: B解析: 此题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词，如“get burnt被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的时机的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。2.2019福建卷For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_.A. connectedB.&#

9、160;connecting C. to connectD. to be connected答案: A解析: 系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。Get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联络。句义：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和 在和家人保持联络方面是很重要的。故A正确。3.2019四川卷The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.A. having developedB. to developC. de

10、velopedD. develop答案: C解析: 此题考察的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语many new products的补足语，因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：经理很满意地看见在付出宏大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系，B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。4.2019陕西卷Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother_good care of at home.

11、A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be taken答案: B解析: 本句考察的是非谓语动词做宾语补足语的用法。句中动词take与his mother构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AC项，因为AC项都表示主动，D项不符合非谓语的构造。句义：.李博士很开心看到他的妈妈在家被照顾得很好。故B正确。5.2019浙江卷 Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her.A. to appoint B.appointing C.

12、 appointedD. having appointed答案: C解析: 本句中的动词appoint任命与前面的名词nurse之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语appointed to guard her做定语来修饰前面的名词nurse。句意：残疾的Annie Salmon整个上学期间都是由一名被指定帮助他的护士照顾的。ABD三项均表示的是主动关系。故C正确。根底演练1. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientistsThe first textbook _ for teaching English a

13、s a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written2. Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak3. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bough B. bought C. been b

14、ought D. buying.4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.A . read B. reads C. to read D. reading5. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followedD. Having been followedKey: 1-5 DBBDB稳固进步6. There was

15、a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed7. _ , liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat8. When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to b

16、e completed9. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered10. Im very_ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell.A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; ple

17、asant D. pleased; pleasant11._ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out13. The secretar

18、y worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing14. _ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded15. They might just have a place _ on th

19、e writing coursewhy don't you give it a try?A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leaveKey: 6-10 BCAAD 10-15 CCBCB1. _ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared2. I really like this song as it is often heard _everywhere in China.A. singing

20、 B. sung C. having sung D. to sing3. _ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced4. I came into the classroom, _ my seat and sat down to read.A. finding B. to find

21、C. found D. to be found5. _ to his work resulted in his great success.A. Devoted B. Being devotedC. Devoting D. To devote6. The door _ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.A. painted B. to be paintedC. being painted D. to paint7. He could do nothing but _ what he had said.A. to take back B.

22、to be taken backC. taking back D. take back8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant _ me there this Friday.A. Joining B. to joinC. will join D. wants to join9. _ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really _.A. Supposing; amazing B. C

23、omparing; amazedC. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed10. I'm going through the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A. correct B. to correct C. having corrected D. corrected11. This is the very plan that I'd like to see _ in the next two months.A. carry out B. to

24、 be carried out C. being carried out D. carried out12. On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a beach, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky.A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; fixed D. sitting; being fixed13. He sat calmly on the platform, _ to answer the question.A. prepare B. Prep

25、aringC. prepared D. to prepare14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost15. Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as _. A. told B. being told C. Telling D. to be toldKey: 1-

26、5 BBBCB 6-10 BDBCB 11-15 DCCBA_1. 单项选择1. The supermarketnext month will be the biggest one in the city. A. completedB. being completedC. to be completedD. having been completed2. Victims, in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have come up to 28. A. is reportedB. reportedC. reportingD. which report

27、s3. Do you know that the meetingthis afternoon has been puttill next week? A. to be held; offB. to be held; forwardC. held; offD. held; forward4. Im afraid that I cant attend Toms wedding partynext weekend. A. to be heldB. being heldC. heldD. is to be held5. The tall buildingin the center of this ar

28、ea will be used as a 5-star hotel. A. to builtB. buildingC. being builtD. having built6. A direct air routeChongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month. A. linkingB. being linked C. link D. linked7. We, a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better. A. holdingB.

29、heldC. being heldD. having held8. The manager listened to the customers complaints attentively with great patience, to miss any point. A. not tryingB. trying notC. to try notD. not to try9. We hurried all the way to the airport, onlythat the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather. A.

30、 being toldB. to be toldC. having toldD. to have been told10. that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. A. ConvincingB. ConvincedC. To convinceD. Having convincedKey: 1-5 CBAAC 6-10 ADBBB二. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选

31、出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead ? For example ,cocaine is harmful ,but what makes it harmful? I can't tell you all about drugs ,but I can 1 you think about them in this 2 way. Your body is a very complicated复杂的 machine, 3 a lot of chemical machinery, a

32、ll of which is finally turned 4 it all works together . Special chemicals, which we call drugs ,can affect it in many different ways. Some drugs are 5 when your body has a problem, as with disease-causing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too 6 or some p

33、enicillin青霉素 7 it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. 8 ,all drugs are really poison, 9 if you take too much ,so you must always use them 10 . Why do some people take drugs like cocaine ? For a little while they seem to make you feel better ,or happier .But 11 their effects have 12 ,your bod

34、y has to pay an extra 13 to get back to normal. That makes you want to get 14 of the drug .Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as 15 for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your 16 .They make you want always m

35、ore . And just a little too much can even 17 nerves to your heart and stop its beating .Many of us worry about the 18 around us and what pollution does to us .How about your internal内在的 environment, and what goes on 19 you ? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your 20 . Most drugs

36、are pollutants .You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you . Why would you want pollutants in your body ?1. A. makeB. causeC. helpD. let2. A. funnyB. differentC. simpleD. true3. A. justB. reallyC. especiallyD. sometimes4. A. as ifB. even ifC. whereD. so that5. A. powerfulB. helpfu

37、lC. painfulD. helpless6. A. highB. tallC. muchD. hot7. A. whenB. untilC. asD. before8. A. BesidesB. ThusC. HoweverD. Naturally9. A. at mostB. at leastC. at timesD. at first10. A. carefullyB. easilyC. carelesslyD. a lot 11. A. whereB. beforeC. afterD. until12. A. workedB. wornC. appearedD. lost13. A.

38、 numberB. quantityC. amountD. price14. A. some moreB. nothingC. a littleD. a few15. A. guardsB. medicine C. chemicalsD. poisons16. A. worriesB. happinessC. freedomD. pride17. A. leadB. blockC. offerD. stick18. A. placesB. natureC. peopleD. environ19. A. insideB. aroundC. outsideD. next to20. A. hear

39、t B. headC. bodyD. MindKey: 1-5 CCBDB 6-10 ACCBA 11-15 CBDAD 16-20 ABDAC 三. 阅读理解 As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship that has evolved between humans and the natural world. Historians such

40、as A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and social practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day. I remember recently being in Times Square, and there was so much light that it just fel

41、t like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something totally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where theyre getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number you could see on a normal night with no ligh

42、t pollution, its almost like why bother? I dont know if most people even look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, were way beyond that. I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole l