高中英语选修七 Unit4 Sharing-语法篇（教师版）

1、.第8讲Sharing 语法篇_1.掌握定语从句的构造与功能；2.可以纯熟选用适宜的关系代词和关系副词。一. 概述：1 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词antecedent后面。2 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。3 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2 必在从句中作某个句子成份可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语常用的关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语: that, which, who, whom, as, whose定语常用的关系副词在从句

2、中只作状语: when、why、 whereThe student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy whom you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能做主语、宾语或状语；第三选择适宜的关系词。二. 几个关系代词的根本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主

3、语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语 如：Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?You can take anything that you like. What is the question that/which they are talking about?Here is the man who/whom/that you want to see.She's no longer the girl that she used to b

4、e before.which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.The factory in which his father works is far from here.who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，在

5、从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard. All who heard the story were amazed. 代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man whom/who/that we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.I'd like a room wh

6、ose window faces south. =I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south.关系代词作介词宾语：介词+ whom / which关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book that/which you a

7、sked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person whom/who/that I shook hands with?Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. 介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置

8、。look at, look for, look after, take care of等三. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:Athat& which:在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。1. 宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等, We should do all that is useful to the people.There's nothing tha

9、t can be said about it.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。The only thing that we could do was to wait.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place that we visited was the chemical works.比较 *This is one of the best nov

10、els that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best that can be

11、 done now.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不合适，这时宜用that. 如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修饰词为数

12、词时. 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive.假如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以防止语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以防止重复。Which is the book that y

13、ou like best?Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be 构造，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that . That's a good book that will help you a lot.My home village is no longer the place that it used to be

14、.2. 定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:当关系代词的前面有介词时. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定语从句中. Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is beco

15、ming popular in our country. which指代主句在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which . Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行词本身是that, 宜用which . W

16、hat's that which she is looking at?先行词是those+复数名词. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.B who & that:who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who，而不宜用that 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时，如：The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works w

17、ell.Anyone who =Whoever failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.在There be 构造中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人，如：There is a gentleman who wants to see you.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about

18、the use of attributive clauses.领先行词有较长的后置定语时，如：I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.1. 2019江西高考Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. when答案: A解析: which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词many dangers，在从句中作f

19、ace的引导词，所以选A。2. 2019全国大纲卷September 30 is the day which you must pay your bill.A. byB. forC. withD. in答案: A解析: 此处是“介词+which引导的定语从句，介词by表示“到.为止所以选A。3. 2019陕西高考Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what答案: A解析: 句中have是一个及物动词，所以定语从句中缺少宾语，

20、由于information被all修饰，排除which，所以选A。4. 2019陕西高考 As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent. A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when答案: D解析: 定语从句中缺少状语，故用where或when，先行词为time，所以选D。5. 2019浙江高考Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is

21、a big challenge.A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which答案: C解析: 定语从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词+which引导，根据与an atmosphere的搭配，判断介词用in，所以选择C。根底演练1.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as2.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what3.This is the hotel _last month.A. w

22、hich they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. whenKey: 1-5 DBDCA 稳固进步6.The factory _we

23、'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that y

24、ou talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C.

25、 which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C.

26、 whom D. who15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. asKey: 6-10 CDAAA 10-15 CCDCD1.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that2.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ w

27、e spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when3.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after4.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why

28、; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what5.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A. that B. which C. for which D. who6.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which7. The hill _ is covered with trees is call

29、ed Mang Hill.A. of which top B. whose the top C. whose top D. top which8. Can you lend me the novel_ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked about D. you talked about9. The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity, but it may be some

30、time _ the situation improves.A. sinceB. when C. unless D. before10. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 11. The reason _ at the meeting for being late was not reasonable. A. why he gave B. what he gave C. he gave D. on which he gave 12. Do you remember t

31、he chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?A. where B. when C. that D. what 13.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which14.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke15.He talked a lot about things and pers

32、ons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. whatKey: 1-5 AAAAB 6-10 DCCBB 11-15 CCACB_1. 单项选择1. A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. Why 2. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at w

33、ork a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where 3. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. Who4. Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. Who5.The

34、 English play _ my students acted at the new year's party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which6. I couldn't do my homework with all the noise _ .A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 7. Are all the titles of the articles _ in the contents? Yes, all _.A

35、. listed, included B. listing, includesC. listed, including D. being listed, being included8. She _ the table and said the dinner was ready.A. lay B. laid C. lied D. lain9. Shut the window, _ it'll get too cold in here.A. so B. yet C. but D. otherwise10. _ is no wonder that he could speak Englis

36、h well. A. There B. That C. This D. ItKey: 1-5 BDAAC6-10 CABDD二. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。How did you do it, Dad? How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years? It took me almost 20 years to have the 1 to even ask my father this very personal questi

37、on. When Dad first 2 drinking, the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a 3 that, in the past, would have started him 4 again. For a few years we were 5 to bring it up for fear that the drinking would begin again.“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least f

38、our to five times a day, was Dad's6 to my 18-year-old unasked question. “The words were a constant 7 to me that things were 8 so hard that I could not deal with them, Dad said. Then he9the poem with me. The poem's 10, yet profound 深化的 words immediately became 11 of my daily routine as well.A

39、bout a month after this12 with my father, I received a gift in the mail from a friendof mine. It was a book of daily sayings of wisdom with one 13 for each day of the year.It has been my 14 that when you get something with days of the year on it, you naturally turn to the page that lists your own 15

40、 . I 16 opened the book to November 10 to see 17 words of wisdom this book had in store for me. I was 18 when I looked at the page, and then tears of disbelief and appreciation19down my face. There, on my birthday, was the exact same poem that had 20 my father for all these years! It is called the S

41、erenity 平静 Prayer:God, grant methe serenity to accept the things I cannot change;the courage to change the things I can;and the wisdom to know the difference. 1. A. chance B. courage C. ability D. right2. A. gave up B. took up C. went on D. carried on3. A. way B. habit C. situation D. house4. A. rec

42、iting B. asking C. smoking D. drinking5. A. sure B. uncertain C. afraid D. eager6. A. reply B. words C. excuse D. explanation7. A. fear B. imagination C. thought D. reminder8. A. never B. seldom C. always D. ever9. A. discussed B. shared C. offered D. talked10. A. wonderful B. long C. simple D. bori

43、ng11. A. all B. that C. any D. part12. A. talk B. quarrel C. trip D. lesson13. A. listed B. included C. read D. said14. A. method B. experience C. wealth D. message15. A. character B. birthday C. qualities D. favorites16. A. doubtfully B. carefully C. happily D. hurriedly17. A. where B. whether C. w

44、hat D. how18. A. excited B. astonished C. disappointed D. frightened19. A. hung B. pulled C. rolled D. pushed20. A. troubled B. disturbed C. pleased D. helpedKey: 1-5 BACDC 6-10 ADABC 11-15 DAABB 16-20 DCBCD三. 阅读理解One of the strongest arguments for the raising of the school leaving age ROSLA has bee

45、n that it will bring us some way nearer to “equality of opportunity.Many people like to think of our present system of schooling as providing plenty of steps up the ladder of success for clever children. It would be good to think that no one who is really bright can be missed out when the state syst

46、em is obviously so complete. It is obvious, for instance, that many children from less wealthy homes reach university or do well in other ways.Unfortunately, we now have plenty of proofs that many children of every level of ability do much less well than they could. For instance, during the years of

47、 national military service it was possible to test the intelligence of all male 18-year-olds. Half of those soldiers who were placed in the two highest ability groups had left school at 15.It has also been shown that the percentage of working class children going to university is almost the same now as it was in 1939. One study of 5,000 children from birth to 21 years old shows that up to half the bright working class ones left school when they reached 16 years old. Moreover, there is no difference in intelligence between the sexes, but far more boys and girls sta